1
|
Su X, Peng D. New insight into sortilin in controlling lipid metabolism and the risk of atherogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:232-243. [PMID: 31625271 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He QC, Hu YY, Zhang QP, Tan LL, Liu YH, Liu T, Hu YQ, Li Q, Liang N. A meta-analysis of three identified single nucleotide polymorphisms at 1p13.3 and 1q41 and their associations with lipid levels and coronary artery disease. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 33:1-10. [PMID: 28088267 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to detect whether three identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs646776, rs599839, and rs17465637) at 1p13.3 and 1q41 are associated with lipid levels and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and BIOSIS were systematically searched. The pooled effects were expressed as odds ratio or standardized mean difference or mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 14 studies with 57,916 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled effects showed that the AA group of 1p13.3 rs599839 had higher total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels than the GA/GG group, and the CAD group had higher AA genotype frequency than the control group. The TT group of 1p13.3 rs646776 had higher TC and LDLC levels and lower HDLC levels than the CT/CC group. The CAD group also had higher CC genotype frequency of 1q41 rs17465637 than the control group. The SNPs of 1p13 rs599839 and rs646776 were associated with serum lipid levels. The genetic variants of 1p13 rs599839 and 1q41 rs17465637 SNPs were prominently related to CAD, and the genetic variants of chromosome 1p13 promote the risk of CAD by increased TC and LDLC levels and decreased HDLC levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Chao He
- Department of Encephalopathy Division I, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ying Hu
- Department of Encephalopathy Division I, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ping Zhang
- Department of Encephalopathy Division I, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Lu Tan
- Department of Encephalopathy Division I, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hui Liu
- Department of Encephalopathy Division I, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tai Liu
- Department of Encephalopathy Division I, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Qiang Hu
- Department of Encephalopathy Division I, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Liang
- Department of Encephalopathy Division I, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peterson MD, Zhang P, Saltarelli WA, Visich PS, Gordon PM. Low Muscle Strength Thresholds for the Detection of Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents. Am J Prev Med 2016; 50:593-599. [PMID: 26585050 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an association between strength and health among adolescents, yet, what remains to be determined is sex-specific cut points for low strength in the detection of risk in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine thresholds of low grip strength in a large cohort (N=1,326) of adolescents. METHODS All data were collected between 2005 and 2008, and analyzed in 2014-2015. A cardiometabolic risk score (MetScore) was computed from the following components: percent body fat, fasting glucose, blood pressure, plasma triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A high-risk cardiometabolic phenotype was characterized as ≥75th percentile of the MetScore. Conditional inference tree analyses were used to identify sex-specific, low normalized strength (grip strength/body mass) thresholds and risk categories. RESULTS Lower strength was independently associated with increased odds of the high-risk cardiometabolic phenotype, such that for every 5% decrement of normalized strength, there were 1.48 and 1.45 increased odds (p<0.001) for boys and girls, even after adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity. Conditional tree analysis revealed a high-risk threshold for boys (≤0.33) and girls (≤0.28), as well as an intermediate threshold (boys, >0.33 and ≤0.45; girls, >0.28 and ≤0.36). CONCLUSIONS These sex-specific thresholds of low strength can be incorporated into a clinical setting for identifying adolescents that would benefit from lifestyle interventions to improve muscular fitness and reduce cardiometabolic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William A Saltarelli
- Human Performance Laboratory, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Paul S Visich
- Exercise and Sport Performance Department, University of New England, Portland, Maine
| | - Paul M Gordon
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sortilin, Encoded by the Cardiovascular Risk Gene SORT1, and Its Suggested Functions in Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015; 17:496. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-015-0496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
5
|
Connors KE, Karlos AE, Gnatiuk EA, Shearer J, Reimer RA, Hittel DS. SORT1
Protective Allele Is Associated With Attenuated Postprandial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:576-82. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Elevated levels of lipids and lipoproteins have strong genetic determinants and are recognized as key risk factors for atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease, particularly in the postprandial state. The aim of the study to determine whether young adults, when stratified by genotype at the rs646776 variant of the 1p13 locus, displayed differential postprandial responses to an oral fat tolerance test.
Methods and Results—
Participants (n=30) received a high-fat mixed meal (91 g; 55% kcal from fat) after an overnight fast and a fat-exclusion meal (3.9 g; 6% kcal from fat) at 8 hours postprandially. Blood samples were obtained at
t
=0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours for lipoprotein analyses via nuclear magnetic resonance profiling. Carriers of the minor, protective allele (TC/CC) displayed lower fasting (TC/CC, 30.1±3.0 nmol/L versus TT, 48.8±5.1 nmol/L;
P
<0.01) and mean postprandial (TC/CC, 44.2±3.1 nmol/L versus TT, 57.0±4.5 nmol/L;
P
=0.03) very low-density lipoprotein and chylomicron particle number in addition to triglyceride content when compared with individuals homozygous for the major, risk allele (TT).
Conclusions—
We report a novel association between the
SORT1
1p13 locus and extent of postprandial lipaemia. These results provide evidence of decreased exposure to atherogenic particles in carriers of the minor
SORT1
allele, suggesting relative protection against cardiovascular disease when compared with TT homozygotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E. Connors
- From the Faculty of Kinesiology (K.E.C., E.A.G., J.S., R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine (A.E.K., J.S., R.A.R.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology within the Faculty of Medicine (J.S., R.A.R., D.S.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angela E. Karlos
- From the Faculty of Kinesiology (K.E.C., E.A.G., J.S., R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine (A.E.K., J.S., R.A.R.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology within the Faculty of Medicine (J.S., R.A.R., D.S.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Gnatiuk
- From the Faculty of Kinesiology (K.E.C., E.A.G., J.S., R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine (A.E.K., J.S., R.A.R.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology within the Faculty of Medicine (J.S., R.A.R., D.S.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- From the Faculty of Kinesiology (K.E.C., E.A.G., J.S., R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine (A.E.K., J.S., R.A.R.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology within the Faculty of Medicine (J.S., R.A.R., D.S.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- From the Faculty of Kinesiology (K.E.C., E.A.G., J.S., R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine (A.E.K., J.S., R.A.R.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology within the Faculty of Medicine (J.S., R.A.R., D.S.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dustin S. Hittel
- From the Faculty of Kinesiology (K.E.C., E.A.G., J.S., R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine (A.E.K., J.S., R.A.R.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology within the Faculty of Medicine (J.S., R.A.R., D.S.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klein MS, Connors KE, Shearer J, Vogel HJ, Hittel DS. Metabolomics reveals the sex-specific effects of the SORT1 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol locus in healthy young adults. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5063-70. [PMID: 25182463 DOI: 10.1021/pr500659r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite profiles of individuals possessing either the cardiovascular risk or protective variants of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) associated 1p13.3 locus of the SORT1 gene (rs646776) were analyzed. Serum metabolites and lipids were assessed using LC-MS-based metabolomics in a healthy young population (n = 138: 95 males, 43 females). Although no significant differences were observed in the combined cohort, divergent sex effects were identified. Females carrying the protective allele showed increased phosphatidylcholines, very long chain fatty acids (>C20), and unsaturated fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids are considered to be protective against cardiovascular disease. In contrast, males carrying the protective allele exhibited decreased long-chain fatty acids (≤C20) and sphingomyelins, which is similarly considered to decrease cardiovascular disease risk. No significant changes in clinically assessed lipids such as LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), total cholesterol, or triglycerides were observed in females, whereas only LDL-C was significantly changed in males. This indicates that, apart from reducing LDL-C, other mechanisms may contribute to the protective effect of the SORT1 locus. Thus, the analysis of metabolic biomarkers might reveal early disease development that may be overlooked by relying on standard clinical parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias S Klein
- Faculty of Kinesiology, ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, and §Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peterson MD, Saltarelli WA, Visich PS, Gordon PM. Strength capacity and cardiometabolic risk clustering in adolescents. Pediatrics 2014; 133:e896-903. [PMID: 24685949 PMCID: PMC4530295 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the gender-specific independent association between muscular strength and cardiometabolic risk clustering in a large cohort (n = 1421) of children. METHODS Principal component analysis was used to determine the pattern of risk clustering and to derive a continuous aggregate score (MetScore) from various cardiometabolic risk components: percent body fat (%BF), fasting glucose, blood pressure, plasma triglycerides levels, and HDL-cholesterol. Gender-stratified risk and MetScore were assessed by using general linear models and logistic regression for differences between strength tertiles, as well as independent associations with age, BMI, estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity, and muscular strength (normalized for body mass). RESULTS In both boys (n = 670) and girls (n = 751), there were significant differences in cardiometabolic profiles across strength tertiles, such that stronger adolescents had lower overall risk. Age, BMI, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity participation, and strength were all individually correlated with multiple risk components, as well as the overall MetScore. However, in the adjusted model, only BMI (β = 0.30), physical inactivity (β = 0.30), and normalized strength capacity (β = -1.5) emerged as significant (P < .05) predictors of MetScore. %BF was the strongest loading coefficient within the principal component analysis-derived MetScore outcome. CONCLUSIONS Normalized strength is independently associated with lower cardiometabolic risk in boys and girls. Moreover, %BF was associated with all cardiometabolic risk factors and carried the strongest loading coefficient. These findings bolster the importance of early strength acquisition and healthy body composition in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Paul S. Visich
- Exercise and Sport Performance Department, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine; and
| | - Paul M. Gordon
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hoffman EP, Gordish-Dressman H, McLane VD, Devaney JM, Thompson PD, Visich P, Gordon PM, Pescatello LS, Zoeller RF, Moyna NM, Angelopoulos TJ, Pegoraro E, Cox GA, Clarkson PM. Alterations in osteopontin modify muscle size in females in both humans and mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 45:1060-8. [PMID: 23274598 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31828093c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An osteopontin (OPN; SPP1) gene promoter polymorphism modifies disease severity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and we hypothesized that it might also modify muscle phenotypes in healthy volunteers. METHODS Gene association studies were carried out for OPN (rs28357094) in the FAMuSS cohort (n = 752; mean ± SD age = 23.7 ± 5.7 yr). The phenotypes studied included muscle size (MRI), strength, and response to supervised resistance training. We also studied 147 young adults that had carried out a bout of eccentric elbow exercise (age = 24.0 ± 5.2 yr). Phenotypes analyzed included strength, soreness, and serum muscle enzymes. RESULTS In the FAMuSS cohort, the G allele was associated with 17% increase in baseline upper arm muscle volume only in women (F = 26.32; P = 5.32 × 10), explaining 5% of population variance. In the eccentric damage cohort, weak associations of the G allele were seen in women with both baseline myoglobin and elevated creatine kinase. The sexually dimorphic effects of OPN on muscle were also seen in OPN-null mice. Five of seven muscle groups examined showed smaller size in OPN-null female mice, whereas two were smaller in male mice. The query of OPN gene transcription after experimental muscle damage in mice showed rapid induction within 12 h (100-fold increase from baseline), followed by sustained high-level expression through 16 d of regeneration before falling to back to baseline. CONCLUSION OPN is a sexually dimorphic modifier of muscle size in normal humans and mice and responds to muscle damage. The OPN gene is known to be estrogen responsive, and this may explain the female-specific genotype effects in adult volunteers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Hoffman
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Obesity is a highly heritable trait. While acute and chronic changes in body weight or obesity-related comorbidities are heavily influenced by environmental factors, there are still strong genomic modifiers that help account for inter-subject variability in baseline traits and in response to interventions. This review is intended to provide an up-to-date overview of our current understanding of genetic influences on obesity, with emphasis on genetic modifiers of baseline traits and responses to intervention. We begin by reviewing how genetic variants can influence obesity. We then examine genetic modifiers of weight loss via different intervention strategies, focusing on known and potential modifiers of surgical weight loss outcomes. We will pay particular attention to the effects of patient age on outcomes, addressing the risks and benefits of adopting early intervention strategies. Finally, we will discuss how the field of bariatric surgery can leverage knowledge of genetic modifiers to adopt a personalized medicine approach for optimal outcomes across this widespread and diverse patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sevilla
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pescatello LS, Devaney JM, Hubal MJ, Thompson PD, Hoffman EP. Highlights from the functional single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human muscle size and strength or FAMuSS study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:643575. [PMID: 24455711 PMCID: PMC3885233 DOI: 10.1155/2013/643575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Human Muscle Size and Strength study or FAMuSS was to identify genetic factors that dictated the response of health-related fitness phenotypes to resistance exercise training (RT). The phenotypes examined were baseline muscle strength and muscle, fat, and bone volume and their response to RT. FAMuSS participants were 1300 young (24 years), healthy men (42%) and women (58%) that were primarily of European-American descent. They were genotyped for ~500 polymorphisms and completed the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire to assess energy expenditure and time spent in light, moderate, and vigorous intensity habitual physical activity and sitting. Subjects then performed a 12-week progressive, unilateral RT program of the nondominant arm with the dominant arm used as a comparison. Before and after RT, muscle strength was measured with the maximum voluntary contraction and one repetition maximum, while MRI measured muscle, fat, and bone volume. We will discuss the history of how FAMuSS originated, provide a brief overview of the FAMuSS methods, and summarize our major findings regarding genotype associations with muscle strength and size, body composition, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda S. Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology and Human Performance Laboratory, Neag School of Education, University of Connecticut, Gampel Pavilion Room 206, 2095 Hillside Road, U-1110, Storrs, CT 06269-1110, USA
| | - Joseph M. Devaney
- Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20010-2970, USA
| | - Monica J. Hubal
- Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20010-2970, USA
| | - Paul D. Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, 85 Jefferson Street, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Eric P. Hoffman
- Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20010-2970, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Peterson MD, Liu D, IglayReger HB, Saltarelli WA, Visich PS, Gordon PM. Principal component analysis reveals gender-specific predictors of cardiometabolic risk in 6th graders. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012. [PMID: 23190687 PMCID: PMC3537600 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine the sex-specific pattern of pediatric cardiometabolic risk with principal component analysis, using several biological, behavioral and parental variables in a large cohort (n = 2866) of 6th grade students. Methods Cardiometabolic risk components included waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure, plasma triglycerides levels and HDL-cholesterol. Principal components analysis was used to determine the pattern of risk clustering and to derive a continuous aggregate score (MetScore). Stratified risk components and MetScore were analyzed for association with age, body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity (PA), and parental factors. Results In both boys and girls, BMI and CRF were associated with multiple risk components, and overall MetScore. Maternal smoking was associated with multiple risk components in girls and boys, as well as MetScore in boys, even after controlling for children’s BMI. Paternal family history of early cardiovascular disease (CVD) and parental age were associated with increased blood pressure and MetScore for girls. Children’s PA levels, maternal history of early CVD, and paternal BMI were also indicative for various risk components, but not MetScore. Conclusions Several biological and behavioral factors were independently associated with children’s cardiometabolic disease risk, and thus represent a unique gender-specific risk profile. These data serve to bolster the independent contribution of CRF, PA, and family-oriented healthy lifestyles for improving children’s health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Peterson
- Laboratory for Physical Activity and Exercise Intervention Research, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Karlos A, Shearer J, Gnatiuk E, Onyewu C, Many G, Hoffman EP, Hittel DS. Effect of the SORT1 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol locus is sex-specific in a fit, Canadian young-adult population. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 38:188-93. [PMID: 23438231 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The SORT1 locus was originally identified by genome-wide association studies of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in adults. Although the effect sizes of this locus are relatively small, we hypothesized that a younger population would show a greater genetic effect because of fewer confounding variables. As such, we investigated the association between the SORT1 locus and LDL-C in a group of healthy young adults. Subjects (n = 122, mean age = 23.2 years) were recruited from the University of Calgary. Lipid measures and genomic DNA were collected from peripheral blood after an overnight fast. Blood pressure, percent body fat (%BF), and maximal oxygen consumption were also measured. Associations between genotype and LDL-C were investigated using linear regression. Nearly one half (42.9%) of the female and 21.7% of the male subjects had a %BF that was above a healthy range. More than one quarter of the subjects had LDL-C values that were considered nonoptimal. Although the association was not significant when both sexes were combined, a significant association was observed between the SORT1 locus (GG: 2.46 ± 0.11 mmol·L(-1) vs. GT-TT: 2.06 ± 0.12 mmol·L(-1), p = 0.016) and LDL-C in male subjects, with genotype explaining 3.0% of the variability in LDL-C. A high prevalence of nonoptimal LDL-C exists in this young population even though it is otherwise fit and healthy. A significant association was found between LDL-C and the minor SORT1 allele in male subjects, with an effect size larger than previously reported in older populations. SORT1 is a valuable target for identifying individuals who would most benefit from early interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Karlos
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|