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Gaudioso PJ, Pérez MJ, Barquez R, Arroyo-Cabrales J, Díaz MM. Morphology of the hand skeleton of bats of the genus Noctilio (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae). ZOOL ANZ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arias-Aguilar A, Ramos Pereira MJ. Acoustic clue: bringing echolocation call data into the distribution dilemma of Pteronotus (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) complexes in Central America. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In Central America, the distributional limits and the contact zones of some Pteronotus species, such as the naked-backed bats and the lesser mustached bats, are unclear. To elucidate the distributional dilemma of the species groups Pteronotus fulvus + Pteronotus davyi and Pteronotus psilotis + Pteronotus personatus in Central America, we studied the acoustic variation of their echolocation calls along the range of possible contact zones and the existence of distinct phonic groups. We performed hierarchical k-means clustering on principal components (HCPC) using acoustic samples from Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica to describe the global acoustic diversity, possibly overlooking differences between species groups. We assessed whether those acoustic differences were related to the geographical distance and geographical location. We found evidence of sympatry for three phonic groups within each species complex, without a clear correspondence to the known distribution of species. The changes in frequency of their echolocation calls seem to follow a similar pattern to the geographical variation in body size of the species. Future studies in Central America should include an integrative sampling of individually captured, tagged and recorded bats to help in resolution of the distribution dilemma raised here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arias-Aguilar
- Bird and Mammal Evolution, Systematics and Ecology Lab, Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Brazilian Bat Research Society (SBEQ)
| | - Maria João Ramos Pereira
- Bird and Mammal Evolution, Systematics and Ecology Lab, Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Brazilian Bat Research Society (SBEQ)
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Velazco PM, Voss RS, Fleck DW, Simmons NB. Mammalian Diversity and Matses Ethnomammalogy in Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2021. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.451.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paúl M. Velazco
- Department of Biology, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA; Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy), American Museum of Natural History
| | - Robert S. Voss
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy), American Museum of Natural History
| | - David W. Fleck
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History
| | - Nancy B. Simmons
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy), American Museum of Natural History
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Genetic Introgression and Morphological Variation in Naked-Back Bats (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae: Pteronotus Species) along Their Contact Zone in Central America. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13050194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two sibling bare-backed bat species (Pteronotus fulvus and P. gymnonotus) have been traditionally differentiated by their size. However, intermediate specimens between the two species have been found in sympatric populations along southern Mexico and it has been suggested that they may be the outcome of a hybridization process between the two species. We used one mitochondrial (COI), three nuclear markers (PRKCL, STAT5A and RAG2) and 13 microsatellites to explore the evolutionary relationships between these two species and elucidate whether the intermediate morphotypes correspond to hybrid individuals. These markers have been analyzed in sympatric and allopatric populations of the two species plus the closely related species Pteronotus davyi. We confirmed the species-level differentiation of the three lineages (P. fulvus, P. davyi and P. gymnonotus), but the phylogenetic hypotheses suggested by the nuclear and mitochondrial markers were discordant. We confirm that the discordance between markers is due to genetic introgression through the mitochondrial capture of P. fulvus in P. gymnonotus populations. Such introgression was found in all P. gymnonotus specimens across its sympatric distribution range (Mexico to Costa Rica) and is related to expansion/retraction species distribution pulses associated with changes in forest distribution during the Quaternary climate cycles. Microsatellite analyses showed contemporary genetic contact between the two sympatric species and 3.0% of the samples studied were identified as hybrids. In conclusion, we found a historical and asymmetric genetic introgression (through mitochondrial capture) of P. fulvus into P. gymnonotus in Mexico and Central America and a limited contemporary gene exchange between the two species. However, no relationship was found between hybridization and the intermediate-sized specimens from southern Mexico, which might likely result from a clinal variation with latitude. These results confirm the need for caution when using forearm size to identify these species in the field and when differentiating them in the laboratory based on mitochondrial DNA alone.
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Morgan GS, Czaplewski NJ, Simmons NB. A New Mormoopid Bat from the Oligocene (Whitneyan and Early Arikareean) of Florida, and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Major Clades of Mormoopidae (Mammalia: Chiroptera). BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2019. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.434.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nancy B. Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History
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Louzada NSV, Nogueira MR, Pessôa LM. Comparative morphology and scaling of the femur in yangochiropteran bats. J Anat 2019; 235:124-150. [PMID: 31155714 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Better known by their remarkable forelimb morphology, bats are also unique among mammals with respect to their hindlimbs. Their legs are rotated through 180°, generally reduced in size, and in some extant taxa particular bones (e.g. fibula) can even be absent. The femur is the main leg bone, but to date few bat studies have considered its morphology in detail, none in a wide-scale comparative study. Yangochiroptera is the largest bat taxon, spans nearly three orders of magnitude in body mass, and is highly diverse both in ecology and behavior, representing a good model for comparative analyses. Here, we describe the anatomy of the femur in a large sample of yangochiropteran bats (125 species, 70 genera, and 12 families), and explore major trends of morphological variation and scaling patterns in this bone. We used 13 categorical characters in the anatomical description and five linear dimensions in the quantitative analyses. Based on the categorical data, each family studied here was diagnosed, and those from the Neotropical region were included in an identification key. From the phylogenetic principal component analysis (pPCA) we showed that, in addition to size, major axes of variation in bat femur are related to robusticity and head morphology, features that are clearly distinct among some families. We also generated a phylomorphospace based on pPCA scores, highlighting convergences in femur shape. Molossidae, Mystacinidae, and Desmodontinae were grouped based on their greater robusticity, a pattern that was also recovered from categorical data. In these families, we found anatomical features (e.g. presence of tubercles and posterior ridges on the greater trochanter, long or medially/distally displaced lateral ridges on the shaft) that are well-known from their functional link with quadrupedal locomotion. Using phylogenetic regressions, we found out that compared with body mass, femur length scaled with negative allometry, as expected, but that femur width scaled isometrically, counter to expectations. As a result, robusticity index (the ratio of width to length), scaled with positive allometry - larger bats tended to have more robust hindlimbs. At species level, our most remarkable finding was related to Myotis simus, which presented the most robust femur (for its size) among yangochiropterans. Our results reinforce the informative potential of the chiropteran femur from both taxonomic and functional perspectives. Furthermore, the allometric trends seen in this bone may help understand the strategies adopted by flying vertebrates to deal with the high energetic cost of flight and, at the same time, evolve diversified foraging behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Siqueira Veríssimo Louzada
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Nogueira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leila Maria Pessôa
- Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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8
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Isolation and characterization of microsatellite marker loci in the Wagner’s mustached bat Pteronotus psilotis (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) and cross-amplification in other related species. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-1012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Pavan AC, Bobrowiec PED, Percequillo AR. Geographic variation in a South American clade of mormoopid bats, Pteronotus (Phyllodia), with description of a new species. J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Pavan
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – ESALQ/Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Paulo E D Bobrowiec
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Percequillo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – ESALQ/Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
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Gaudioso PJ, Díaz MM, Barquez RM. Morphology of the axial skeleton of seven bat genera (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:2341-2358. [PMID: 29091107 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720170076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we present detailed descriptions and comparisons of the axial skeleton of seven species of bats belonging to five subfamilies of Phyllostomidae of different trophic guilds. The material examined consisted of 34 complete skeletons of seven species. For five of the studied species, previous descriptions have not been conducted, and for the vampires only limited information is available, so that descriptions for these species are here completed. The axial skeleton has characters that allow grouping of the species phylogenetically of the same subfamily and by feeding habits. At the same time, there are characters that associate species from different subfamilies with different types of diet or ways to obtain food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Gaudioso
- Programa de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina/PIDBA, Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina/ PCMA, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas/ CONICET, PJG, RMB, MMD, Fundación Miguel Lillo (MMD), Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M Mónica Díaz
- Programa de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina/PIDBA, Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina/ PCMA, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas/ CONICET, PJG, RMB, MMD, Fundación Miguel Lillo (MMD), Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Rubén M Barquez
- Programa de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina/PIDBA, Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina/ PCMA, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas/ CONICET, PJG, RMB, MMD, Fundación Miguel Lillo (MMD), Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
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11
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Porras-Gómez TJ, Martínez-Juárez A, Moreno-Mendoza N. Gonadal morphogenesis and establishment of the germline in the phyllostomid bat Sturnira lilium. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:671-679. [PMID: 28823522 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates such as the mouse and the human, primordial germ cells (PGCs) arise at the base of the allantois and are carried to the epithelium of the posterior intestine, to later migrate to the primordial gonads. In the case of bats, almost nothing is known about this process. To clarify the dynamics of PGCs during gonadal morphogenesis in the phyllostomid bat Sturnira lilium, the proteins for the Ddx4, Sox9 and Mis genes were detected in the gonads of embryos at different stages of development. We identified 15 stages (St) of embryonic development in Sturnira lilium. We found that the formation of the genital ridge and the establishment of the undifferentiated gonad take place between stages 11 and 14. The onset of morphological differentiation in the gonad is first detected in the male gonads at St17. The first PGCs in meiosis are detected in the ovary at St19, whereas in the testicles, the PGCs were in mitotic arrest. Structural changes leading to testicular and ovarian development in Sturnira lilium are observed to be similar to those described for the mouse; however, differences will be established concerning the time taken for these processes to occur.
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Timing and patterns of diversification in the Neotropical bat genus Pteronotus (Mormoopidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 108:61-69. [PMID: 28189619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the biogeographic processes related to the origin and current patterns of distribution of the extant species of the genus Pteronotus. This clade of insectivorous bats is widely distributed in the Neotropical Region and has recently gone through a taxonomic update which increased more than twice its diversity. Using six molecular markers of 15 Pteronotus lineages ranging from Mexico to Central Brazil, we reconstruct a time-calibrated tree and infer molecular evolutionary rates for this bat genus. In addition, estimates of range evolution across phylogeny were obtained through statistical model testing among six different biogeographic models. The origin of the genus Pteronotus occurred approximately 16million years ago (Ma), with initial cladogenesis events being evenly distributed across the phylogeny. Divergence between most closely related species is recent, falling in the Pleistocene period less than 2.6Ma. Mainland lineages present congruent patterns of north versus south continent splitting while insular clades differ in their time of arrival in the Caribbean Islands. Temporal and geographic range estimates for early nodes of Pteronotus phylogeny suggest a central role of Neogene tectonic reorganizations of Central America in the group diversification process. Also, South American colonization by Pteronotus occurred early in the genus history. Founder-event speciation was an important mode of lineage splitting in Pteronotus, with two independent dispersal jumps having occurred to the Greater Antilles. Finally, Pleistocenic sea-level variation and climatic oscillations are possibly associated with divergence between sister-species and recent ages of MRCA for Pteronotus species.
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Bat Systematics in the Light of Unconstrained Analyses of a Comprehensive Molecular Supermatrix. J MAMM EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-016-9363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Mounce RCP, Sansom R, Wills MA. Sampling diverse characters improves phylogenies: Craniodental and postcranial characters of vertebrates often imply different trees. Evolution 2016; 70:666-86. [PMID: 26899622 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Morphological cladograms of vertebrates are often inferred from greater numbers of characters describing the skull and teeth than from postcranial characters. This is either because the skull is believed to yield characters with a stronger phylogenetic signal (i.e., contain less homoplasy), because morphological variation therein is more readily atomized, or because craniodental material is more widely available (particularly in the palaeontological case). An analysis of 85 vertebrate datasets published between 2000 and 2013 confirms that craniodental characters are significantly more numerous than postcranial characters, but finds no evidence that levels of homoplasy differ in the two partitions. However, a new partition test, based on tree-to-tree distances (as measured by the Robinson Foulds metric) rather than tree length, reveals that relationships inferred from the partitions are significantly different about one time in three, much more often than expected. Such differences may reflect divergent selective pressures in different body regions, resulting in different localized patterns of homoplasy. Most systematists attempt to sample characters broadly across body regions, but this is not always possible. We conclude that trees inferred largely from either craniodental or postcranial characters in isolation may differ significantly from those that would result from a more holistic approach. We urge the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C P Mounce
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The University of Bath, The Avenue, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sansom
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Wills
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The University of Bath, The Avenue, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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Lima L, Espinosa-Álvarez O, Pinto CM, Cavazzana M, Pavan AC, Carranza JC, Lim BK, Campaner M, Takata CSA, Camargo EP, Hamilton PB, Teixeira MMG. New insights into the evolution of the Trypanosoma cruzi clade provided by a new trypanosome species tightly linked to Neotropical Pteronotus bats and related to an Australian lineage of trypanosomes. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:657. [PMID: 26701154 PMCID: PMC4690318 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bat trypanosomes are implicated in the evolution of the T. cruzi clade, which harbours most African, European and American trypanosomes from bats and other trypanosomes from African, Australian and American terrestrial mammals, including T. cruzi and T. rangeli, the agents of the American human trypanosomiasis. The diversity of bat trypanosomes globally is still poorly understood, and the common ancestor, geographical origin, and evolution of species within the T. cruzi clade remain largely unresolved. Methods Trypanosome sequences were obtained from cultured parasites and from museum archived liver/blood samples of bats captured from Guatemala (Central America) to the Brazilian Atlantic Coast. Phylogenies were inferred using Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, glycosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH), and Spliced Leader (SL) RNA genes. Results Here, we described Trypanosoma wauwau n. sp. from Pteronotus bats (Mormoopidae) placed in the T. cruzi clade, then supporting the bat-seeding hypothesis whereby the common ancestor of this clade likely was a bat trypanosome. T. wauwau was sister to the clade T. spp-Neobats from phyllostomid bats forming an assemblage of trypanosome species exclusively of Noctilionoidea Neotropical bats, which was sister to an Australian clade of trypanosomes from indigenous marsupials and rodents, which possibly evolved from a bat trypanosome. T. wauwau was found in 26.5 % of the Pteronotus bats examined, and phylogeographical analysis evidenced the wide geographical range of this species. To date, this species was not detected in other bats, including those that were sympatric or shared shelters with Pteronotus. T. wauwau did not develop within mammalian cells, and was not infective to Balb/c mice or to triatomine vectors of T. cruzi and T. rangeli. Conclusions Trypanosoma wauwau n. sp. was linked to Pteronotus bats. The positioning of the clade T. wauwau/T.spp-Neobats as the most basal Neotropical bat trypanosomes and closely related to an Australian lineage of trypanosomes provides additional evidence that the T. cruzi clade trypanosomes likely evolved from bats, and were dispersed in bats within and between continents from ancient to unexpectedly recent times. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1255-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Lima
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Oneida Espinosa-Álvarez
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - C Miguel Pinto
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. .,Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Crónicas, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Manzelio Cavazzana
- Faculdades Integradas Padre Albino (FIPA) e Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde de Barretos (FACISB), Barretos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Pavan
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julio C Carranza
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia.
| | - Burton K Lim
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Marta Campaner
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carmen S A Takata
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Erney P Camargo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patrick B Hamilton
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Marta M G Teixeira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Garbino GST. How many marmoset (Primates: Cebidae: Callitrichinae) genera are there? A phylogenetic analysis based on multiple morphological systems. Cladistics 2015; 31:652-678. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S. T. Garbino
- IPÊ - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas; C. Postal 47 12960-000, Nazaré Paulista São Paulo Brazil
- Pós-graduação; Museu de Zoologia; Universidade de São Paulo; Avenida Nazaré 481 04263-000 São Paulo SP Brazil
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O'Leary MA, Bloch JI, Flynn JJ, Gaudin TJ, Giallombardo A, Giannini NP, Goldberg SL, Kraatz BP, Luo ZX, Meng J, Ni X, Novacek MJ, Perini FA, Randall ZS, Rougier GW, Sargis EJ, Silcox MT, Simmons NB, Spaulding M, Velazco PM, Weksler M, Wible JR, Cirranello AL. The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals. Science 2013; 339:662-7. [PMID: 23393258 DOI: 10.1126/science.1229237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To discover interordinal relationships of living and fossil placental mammals and the time of origin of placentals relative to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary, we scored 4541 phenomic characters de novo for 86 fossil and living species. Combining these data with molecular sequences, we obtained a phylogenetic tree that, when calibrated with fossils, shows that crown clade Placentalia and placental orders originated after the K-Pg boundary. Many nodes discovered using molecular data are upheld, but phenomic signals overturn molecular signals to show Sundatheria (Dermoptera + Scandentia) as the sister taxon of Primates, a close link between Proboscidea (elephants) and Sirenia (sea cows), and the monophyly of echolocating Chiroptera (bats). Our tree suggests that Placentalia first split into Xenarthra and Epitheria; extinct New World species are the oldest members of Afrotheria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A O'Leary
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, HSC T-8 (040), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8081, USA.
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Dávalos LM, Cirranello AL, Geisler JH, Simmons NB. Understanding phylogenetic incongruence: lessons from phyllostomid bats. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2012; 87:991-1024. [PMID: 22891620 PMCID: PMC3573643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2012.00240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
All characters and trait systems in an organism share a common evolutionary history that can be estimated using phylogenetic methods. However, differential rates of change and the evolutionary mechanisms driving those rates result in pervasive phylogenetic conflict. These drivers need to be uncovered because mismatches between evolutionary processes and phylogenetic models can lead to high confidence in incorrect hypotheses. Incongruence between phylogenies derived from morphological versus molecular analyses, and between trees based on different subsets of molecular sequences has become pervasive as datasets have expanded rapidly in both characters and species. For more than a decade, evolutionary relationships among members of the New World bat family Phyllostomidae inferred from morphological and molecular data have been in conflict. Here, we develop and apply methods to minimize systematic biases, uncover the biological mechanisms underlying phylogenetic conflict, and outline data requirements for future phylogenomic and morphological data collection. We introduce new morphological data for phyllostomids and outgroups and expand previous molecular analyses to eliminate methodological sources of phylogenetic conflict such as taxonomic sampling, sparse character sampling, or use of different algorithms to estimate the phylogeny. We also evaluate the impact of biological sources of conflict: saturation in morphological changes and molecular substitutions, and other processes that result in incongruent trees, including convergent morphological and molecular evolution. Methodological sources of incongruence play some role in generating phylogenetic conflict, and are relatively easy to eliminate by matching taxa, collecting more characters, and applying the same algorithms to optimize phylogeny. The evolutionary patterns uncovered are consistent with multiple biological sources of conflict, including saturation in morphological and molecular changes, adaptive morphological convergence among nectar-feeding lineages, and incongruent gene trees. Applying methods to account for nucleotide sequence saturation reduces, but does not completely eliminate, phylogenetic conflict. We ruled out paralogy, lateral gene transfer, and poor taxon sampling and outgroup choices among the processes leading to incongruent gene trees in phyllostomid bats. Uncovering and countering the possible effects of introgression and lineage sorting of ancestral polymorphism on gene trees will require great leaps in genomic and allelic sequencing in this species-rich mammalian family. We also found evidence for adaptive molecular evolution leading to convergence in mitochondrial proteins among nectar-feeding lineages. In conclusion, the biological processes that generate phylogenetic conflict are ubiquitous, and overcoming incongruence requires better models and more data than have been collected even in well-studied organisms such as phyllostomid bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana M Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, and Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, State University of New York at Stony BrookStony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Andrea L Cirranello
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy), American Museum of Natural HistoryNew York, NY 10024, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Stony BrookStony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jonathan H Geisler
- Department of Anatomy, New York College of Osteopathic MedicineOld Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy), American Museum of Natural HistoryNew York, NY 10024, USA
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Orihuela J, Tejedor A. Peter's Ghost-Faced BatMormoops megalophylla(Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) from a Pre-Columbian Archeological Deposit in Cuba. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2012. [DOI: 10.3161/150811012x654277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fracasso MPA, de Oliveira Salles L, Perini FA. Upper molar morphology and relationships among higher taxa in bats. J Mammal 2011. [DOI: 10.1644/09-mamm-a-415.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Guevara-Chumacero LM, López-Wilchis R, Pedroche FF, Juste J, Ibáñez C, Barriga-Sosa IDLA. Molecular phylogeography ofPteronotus davyi(Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) in Mexico. J Mammal 2010. [DOI: 10.1644/08-mamm-a-212r3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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GIANNINI NORBERTOP, SIMMONS NANCYB. The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2007. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3585[1:tcparo]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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DÁVALOS LILIANAM. The geography of diversification in the mormoopids (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Observations on the vomeronasal organ of Pteronotus macleayii and Pteronotus quadridens (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) / Observations sur l'organe voméronasal de Pteronotus macleayii et Pteronotus quadridens (Chiroptères: Mormoopidae). MAMMALIA 2006. [DOI: 10.1515/mamm.2006.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Soriano PJ, Ruiz A, Zambrano Z. New noteworthy records of bats for the Andean region of Venezuela and Colombia. MAMMALIA 2005. [DOI: 10.1515/mamm.2005.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Van Den Bussche RA, Hoofer SR. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG RECENT CHIROPTERAN FAMILIES AND THE IMPORTANCE OF CHOOSING APPROPRIATE OUT-GROUP TAXA. J Mammal 2004. [DOI: 10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0321:prarcf>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Hoofer SR, Reeder SA, Hansen EW, Van Den Bussche RA. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND TAXONOMIC REVIEW OF NOCTILIONOID AND VESPERTILIONOID BATS (CHIROPTERA: YANGOCHIROPTERA). J Mammal 2003. [DOI: 10.1644/bwg-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Bussche RAVD, Weyandt SE. Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Sequence Data Provide Resolution to Sister-Group Relationships withinPteronotus(Chiroptera: Mormoopidae). ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2003. [DOI: 10.3161/001.005.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hoofer SR, Bussche RAVD. Molecular Phylogenetics of the Chiropteran Family Vespertilionidae. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2003. [DOI: 10.3161/001.005.s101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Simmons NB, Geisler JH. Sensitivity analysis of different methods of coding taxonomic polymorphism: an example from higher-level bat phylogeny. Cladistics 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2002.tb00293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Jones KE, Purvis A, MacLarnon A, Bininda-Emonds ORP, Simmons NB. A phylogenetic supertree of the bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2002; 77:223-59. [PMID: 12056748 DOI: 10.1017/s1464793101005899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present the first estimate of the phylogenetic relationships among all 916 extant and nine recently extinct species of bats Mammalia: Chiroptera), a group that accounts for almost one-quarter of extant mammalian diversity. This phylogeny was derived by combining 105 estimates of bat phylogenetic relationships published since 1970 using the supertree construction technique of Matrix Representation with Parsimony (MRP). Despite the explosive growth in the number of phylogenetic studies of bats since 1990, phylogenetic relationships in the order have been studied non-randomly. For example, over one-third of all bat systematic studies to date have locused on relationships within Phyllostomidae, whereas relationships within clades such as Kerivoulinae and Murinae have never been studied using cladistic methods. Resolution in the supertree similarly differs among clades: overall resolution is poor (46.4%, of a fully bifurcating solution) but reaches 100% in some groups (e.g. relationships within Mormoopidae). The supertree analysis does not support a recent proposal that Microchiroptera is paraphyletic with respect to Megachiroptera, as the majority of source topologies support microbat monophyly. Although it is not a substitute for comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of primary molecular and morphological data, the bat supertree provides a useful tool for future phylogenetic comparative and macroevolutionary studies. Additionally, it identifies clades that have been little studied, highlights groups within which relationships are controversial, and like all phylogenetic studies, provides preliminary hypotheses that can form starting points for future phylogenetic studies of bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Jones
- Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, UK.
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Van Den Bussche RA, Hoofer SR, Simmons NB. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF MORMOOPID BATS USING MITOCHONDRIAL GENE SEQUENCES AND MORPHOLOGY. J Mammal 2002. [DOI: 10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0040:prombu>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Lunde DP, Musser GG. The capture of the Himalayan water shrew(Chimarrogale himalayica) in Vietnam. MAMMAL STUDY 2002. [DOI: 10.3106/mammalstudy.27.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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