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Mora JM, Ruedas LA. Updated list of the mammals of Costa Rica, with notes on recent taxonomic changes. Zootaxa 2023; 5357:451-501. [PMID: 38220635 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Although Costa Rica occupies a mere 0.03% of the Earths land area, it nevertheless has recorded within its borders approximately 5% of the global diversity of mammals, thus making it one of the worlds megadiverse countries. Over the past ten years, 22 species have been added to the countrys inventory, bringing the total number known as here documented to 271; Chiroptera account for ten of these, having grown to 124 from 114; rodents have increased by eight species, from 47 to 55, with the caveat that we include three invasive species of Muridae that have gone feral. In contrast, the number of orders has decreased by one, by Artiodactyla incorporating the former Cetacea. Notes are provided for all taxonomic novelties since the last update. Since the first taxonomic compendium of the mammals of Costa Rica in 1869, the number of known species has grown by approximately 1.22 species year-1 (R2 = 0.96). Since 1983 however, this growth rate has been 1.64 species year-1 (R2 = 0.98). Despite this strong growth, an asymptote in the number of known species has not been reached. Conservation remains a primary need: over 60% of the countrys mammal species show population trends that are decreasing (13%), unknown (37%), or not assessed (11%), based on IUCN criteria. These analyses suggest that much remains to be known regarding the number of mammal species living in Costa Rica, but also that much more remains to be done to safeguard Costa Ricas exceptional biodiversity heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Manuel Mora
- Department of Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Biology; Portland State University; Portland; Oregon 97207-0751; USA; Carrera de Gestin Ecoturstica; Sede Central; Universidad Tcnica Nacional; Alajuela; Costa Rica.
| | - Luis A Ruedas
- Department of Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Biology; Portland State University; Portland; Oregon 97207-0751; USA.
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Miranda CL, Nunes MDS, Fabrício Machado A, Farias IP, Menezes FH, Ardente NC, Dos Santos-Filho M, Bredin YK, da Silva MNF. A new species of jupati, genus Metachirus Burmeister 1854 (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) for the Brazilian Amazon. MAMMALIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2021-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The brown or pouchless four-eyed opossums or jupatis represent the genus Metachirus with a wide geographical range in the Neotropics. Recent studies show distinct monophyletic clades with high genetic divergence and recognized two species, Metachirus nudicaudatus and Metachirus myosuros. Nevertheless, there is a need for systematic revision with multiple sources of evidence on the taxonomy of Metachirus, which has never been fully revised. Here we describe a new species of Metachirus for the Brazilian Amazon from the Xingu/Tocantins interfluve using the unification of concepts and evolutionary significant units, morphological, genetic, and geographic data. Our analysis reveals a new species within Metachirus as a differentiated Amazonian clade from the Serra dos Carajás region and the Caxiuanã National Forest, both in the Xingu endemism centre. This new species can be distinguished from the type species, M. nudicaudatus and from M. myosuros through discrete external morphological characters, including cranium and dentition, and molecular data with an average degree of divergence, but ancient divergence time for the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The Amazon River delimits the distribution of the new species, which also occurs in areas under strong anthropogenic pressure, reinforcing the importance to guide conservation strategies for the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleuton Lima Miranda
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Manaus , Amazonas 69077-000 , Brazil
| | - Mario da Silva Nunes
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Manaus , Amazonas 69077-000 , Brazil
| | - Arielli Fabrício Machado
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Manaus , Amazonas 69077-000 , Brazil
| | - Izeni Pires Farias
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Manaus , Amazonas 69077-000 , Brazil
| | - Fernando Heberson Menezes
- Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática, Centro de Ciências , Universidade Federal do Ceará , Fortaleza , Ceará , Brazil
| | - Natalia Carneiro Ardente
- Helena de Godoy Bergallo’s Lab, Departamento de Ecologia, Rio de Janeiro , Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Manoel Dos Santos-Filho
- Laboratório de Mastozoologia , Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso , Cáceres , Mato Grosso , Brazil
| | | | - Maria Nazareth F. da Silva
- Coleção de Mamíferos e Coordenação de Biodiversidade , Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia , Manaus , Amazonas , Brazil
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Manconi R, Copeland J, Kunigelis S, Pronzato R. Biodiversity of Nearctic inland water: discovery of the genus Heterorotula (Porifera, Spongillida, Spongillidae) in the Appalachian Mountains, with biogeographical implications and description of new species. Zookeys 2022; 1110:103-120. [PMID: 36761456 PMCID: PMC9848894 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1110.79615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the discovery of a small population of sponges in the Pigeon River of eastern Tennessee, USA, which were morphologically distinct from Spongillida of North America. A morphological comparative analysis resulted in the first Nearctic record of the genus Heterorotula with the description of a new species Heterorotulalucasi sp. nov. diverging from all other known species by its unique combinations of diagnostic morphotraits of spicules and gemmules. The new record enlarges the geographic range of the genus which has been known until now only from Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Japan (as an alien species), and from subequatorial Brazil (as subfossil remains). The discovery of a biogeographic enclave of Heterorotula in the southeastern United States contributes to the understanding of Porifera inland water biodiversity, biogeographic patterns, and adaptive morphotraits in the Nearctic and globally. Data confirm that the Appalachian region (Ordovician-Permian origin) of Tennessee and, in general, of North America have high levels of diversity and endemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Manconi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - John Copeland
- Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Parkway, Harrogate, Tennessee, 37752, USA
| | - Stan Kunigelis
- Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Parkway, Harrogate, Tennessee, 37752, USA
| | - Roberto Pronzato
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Parkway, Harrogate, Tennessee, 37752, USA
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Beck RM, Voss RS, Jansa SA. Craniodental Morphology and Phylogeny of Marsupials. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2022. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M.D. Beck
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford, U.K. School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, Australia Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History
| | - Robert S. Voss
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History
| | - Sharon A. Jansa
- Bell Museum and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota
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