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Yarnold PR, Bryant FB, Litsas F. Type A behaviour and psychological androgyny among Greek college students. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2410030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Research conducted primarily in the United States suggests that the combination of Type A behaviour, high instrumentality, and low expressiveness may place individuals at relatively high risk for coronary‐artery and heart disease. The present research investigates the trans‐societal generalizability of the structure, reliability, relationships among, and distributional characteristics of these measures for 117 college students in Athens, Greece. As hypothesized, the Greek students were significantly less instrumental and less expressive than the American students, and scored significantly higher on the measure of Type A. Although there were significant mean differences between these samples, the results suggest that many of the interscale relationships are comparable, supporting an etic (universal) interpretation of the findings. Nevertheless, the results suggested several emic (unique) characteristics of these measures and their interrelationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Yarnold
- Northwestern University Medical School and University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Emotional intelligence and affective intensity as life satisfaction and psychological well-being predictors on nursing professionals. J Prof Nurs 2014; 30:80-8. [PMID: 24503319 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence (PEI), affective intensity, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being in a sample of nursing professionals. Studies conducted in nursing have shown that emotional intelligence is a skill that minimizes the negative stress consequences. PEI was measured by the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, which includes the emotional attention, clarity and repair subscales. Affective intensity was measured by Larsen's Affective Intensity Scale. To analyze this relationship, we observed the impact of PEI and affective intensity on life satisfaction and psychological well-being, while controlling the sociodemographic variables. The correlation analyses showed significant relationships between the subscales of these variables. Clarity showed positive relationships with some psychological well-being dimensions. Affective intensity subscales presented relationships with life quality and different subscales of psychological well-being. Regression analyses indicated that repair is the only life satisfaction predictor. Moreover, clarity, some affective intensity dimensions, and sociodemographic variables are the main predictors of psychological well-being. The results confirmed the importance of repair on life quality and psychological well-being. Programs to improve nursing professionals' PEI are needed to increase their psychological well-being and life satisfaction.
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Gundry LC, Liyanarachchi GA. Time budget pressure, auditors' personality type, and the incidence of reduced audit quality practices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1108/01140580710819898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Perry AR, Baldwin DA. Further evidence of associations of type a personality scores and driving-related attitudes and behaviors. Percept Mot Skills 2000; 91:147-54. [PMID: 11011886 DOI: 10.2466/pms.2000.91.1.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of Type A personality on specific self-reported driving attitudes and behaviors when operating a motor vehicle. 102 undergraduate students completed the student version of the Jenkins Activity Survey (Form T) and several questionnaires asking participants about their driving history, driving attitudes, and driving behaviors. When the full range of Type A scores were examined, Type A personality was significantly related to more traffic accidents, greater frequency of breaking traffic laws, higher impatience when driving, more displays of aggression on the road, and engaging in more risky driving behaviors (rs<.17). When extreme Type A and Type B scores were compared, Type A drivers reported being involved in significantly more motor vehicle accidents and reported displaying more aggression on the road. Further research should examine actual behavioral data using more diverse samples to validate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Perry
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro 27411, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Rotheiler
- Psychology Department, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthias Rudolf
- Institute of Human Biology and Biopsychology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Richter
- Institute of Work, Organizational, and Social Psychology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - John W. Hinton
- Stress Research Unit, Psychology Department, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Yarnold PR, Bryant FB, Nightingale SD, Martin GJ. Assessing physician empathy using the interpersonal reactivity index: A measurement model and cross-sectional analysis. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/13548509608400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bryant FB, Yarnold PR. Comparing five alternative factor-models of the Student Jenkins Activity Survey: separating the wheat from the chaff. J Pers Assess 1995; 64:145-58. [PMID: 16367736 DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6401_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The Student Jenkins Activity Survey (SJAS; Glass, 1977) is the most popular instrument for measuring Type A behavior in college undergraduates, and a variety of different unidimensional and multidimensional models for scoring the SJAS have been employed in the past. This study compared five alternative factor-models developed for the short (21-item) form of the SJAS in terms of their overall goodness of fit, factorial invariance, and factor reliabilities, using the data of two independent samples of undergraduates. Indices of relative fit for the five models ranged from .64 to .94 (median = .85), but only one unidimensional model and one multidimensional model achieved a minimum satisfactory goodness of fit (.90 or greater) for both samples. Reconceptualizing these models within a broader nomological net sheds light on their meaning and highlights existing gaps in the measurement of multifaceted Type A behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Bryant
- Northwestern University Medical School, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
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8
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Abstract
Compared to other questionnaire measures of Type A behavior, the Type A Self-Rating Inventory (TASRI) possesses particularly strong face validity. This study sought to develop a formal measurement model for the TASRI using a sample of 352 male and 479 female undergraduate psychology students. Assessed via structural equation modeling, an oblique two-factor (Hard-Driving, Extroverted) model explained over 90% of the common variance in responses to a subset of 13 of the original 28 TASRI items for men, women, and the pooled data. As hypothesized, relative to women, men had a greater mean score on the Hard-Driving factor and a lower mean score on the Extroverted factor. However, the magnitude of these gender differences is small. When reconceptualized in the context of work on the Big Five factor model, the Hard-Driving and Extroverted factors were found to reflect related elements of positive sociability and negative power, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Yarnold
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611-4403
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Tett RP, Bobocel DR, Hafer C, Lees MC, Smith CA, Jackson DN. The dimensionality of Type A behavior within a stressful work simulation. J Pers 1992; 60:533-51. [PMID: 1403595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the dimensionality of overt Type A behaviors elicited in a simulated stressful work environment. University students played a managerial role while being subjected to time and work-load pressures, and completed the Survey of Work Styles (SWS; Jackson & Gray, 1989). Eighteen behaviors, coded by two raters based on audiovisual recordings, yielded relatively high interrater reliabilities. Principal components analysis revealed four primary factors: Hurriedness, Irritability, Tension of the Lower Extremities, and Restlessness. These factors contribute to an understanding of Type A behavior in that they are the first to be derived from a purely observational approach rather than a combination of observational and self-report methods. Consistent with previous research, differential correlations between the factors and the SWS subscales supported a multi-dimensional interpretation of the Type A behavior pattern. Present findings are compared to those of previous studies of Type A dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Tett
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Forgays DK. Type A behavior and parenting stress in mothers with young children. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02686824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Forgays DK, Forgays DG. Type A behavior within families: parents and older adolescent children. J Behav Med 1991; 14:325-39. [PMID: 1942012 DOI: 10.1007/bf00845110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type A behavior has been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and occupational stress. However, researchers know very little about the etiology of the Type A behavior pattern (TABP). Relating measures of TABP in the young to comparable measures from their parents and other family members is one way to address the etiological issue. This study is the first in a series which examines the relationship between parent and child TABP using multiple measures for assessing TABP and the same measures in children and their parents. One hundred thirty-eight undergraduate students at the University of Vermont and their parents completed three Type A and two anger measures. The results suggest a cross-gender pattern in which Type A in fathers is related to Type A in their daughters and Type A in mothers is related to Type A in their sons. Anger measures generally agree with this pattern. Methodological difficulties in the field and future directions for research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Forgays
- Department of Psychology, John Dewey Hall, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405
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Abstract
Bruxism is a destructive habit that is defined as the nonproductive diurnal or nocturnal clenching or grinding of the teeth. This study investigated whether the combination of physical abnormalities, type A behavior pattern, and the perceived desirability and controllability of life stress are related to bruxism. The subjects for the study were 125 dental patients who were classified as bruxers or nonbruxers by a licensed dentist and who completed two measures, the Jenkins Activity Survey, and a modified version of the Holmes and Rahe Life Events Scale. Regression analyses indicate there is a difference in the separate impact of each variable. Type A behavior and physical abnormalities are significant in a stepwise analysis, while stress is not. Stress appears to be significant only in conjunction with type A behavior, and suggests that the combination of type A behavior, and stress is more predictive of bruxism than either of the individual variables. The linear combination of physical abnormalities, type A behavior, and stress is significant, and suggests that it is the best predictor of bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pingitore
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University, Chicago, Ill
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O'Brien WH, VanEgeren L. Perceived susceptibility to heart disease and preventive health behavior among Type A and Type B individuals. Behav Med 1991; 17:159-65. [PMID: 1793997 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.1991.9935167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the Type A behavior pattern has been the subject of extensive research, surprisingly little information is available about the preventive health behavior of this population. Measures of perceived susceptibility, preventive health behavior, current stress, and risk for cardiovascular disease were obtained from 37 Type A and 37 Type B college students. Results indicated that the Type A students generated susceptibility judgments that covaried significantly with perceived stress. Susceptibility judgments for the Type B group, however, covaried significantly with nonbehavioral cardiovascular risk-factor status. Correlations between perceived susceptibility and preventive health behavior also differed between the two groups. For the Type A group, increments in perceived susceptibility were associated with decrements in preventive behavior. For the Type B group, however, increments in perceived susceptibility were associated with increments in preventive behavior. Between-group comparisons of preventive health behavior indicated that Type A participants were less likely to use relaxation and avoidance of overwork but were more likely than those who were Type B to regulate their diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Ohio
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Yarnold PR, Nightingale SD, Curry RH, Martin GJ. Psychological androgyny and preference for intubation in a hypothetical case of end-stage lung disease. Med Decis Making 1990; 10:215-22. [PMID: 2196413 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x9001000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Psychological androgyny theory (PAT) was employed as a model of the interpersonal (social) and task activities required of physicians for care of their patients. According to PAT, individuals with a large repertoire of task and social skills ("androgynous" individuals) should be optimally adaptable to contingencies reflecting varying combinations of task and social challenges. The authors examined the relationship between androgyny and preference for intubation on a patient management problem involving end-stage lung disease for 67 general internists and internal medicine housestaff from two hospitals. Results revealed a negative relationship between androgyny and preference for intubation, suggesting that androgynous and nonandrogynous physicians respond differently to complex and difficult decision-making tasks. Indirect evidence is offered to suggest that this response reflects a general tendency to utilize fewer health care resources. Discussion focuses on the need to improve the precision of measurement of these latent constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Yarnold
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL
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Bryant FB, Yarnold PR. A Measurement Model for the Short Form of the Student Jenkins Activity Survey. J Pers Assess 1989. [DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5301_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Yarnold PR, Mueser KT, Lyons JS. Type A behavior, accountability, and work rate in small groups. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0092-6566(88)90035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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