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Caroleo M, Carbone EA, Arcidiacono B, Greco M, Primerano A, Mirabelli M, Fazia G, Rania M, Hribal ML, Gallelli L, Foti DP, De Fazio P, Segura-Garcia C, Brunetti A. Does NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 Influence Eating Behaviors in Obese Patients with Binge Eating Disorder? Toward a Neurobiological Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020348. [PMID: 36678225 PMCID: PMC9864089 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a new anorexigenic neuropeptide involved in the regulation of hunger/satiety, eating, and affective disorders. We aimed to investigate nesfatin-1 secretion in vitro, in murine adipose cells, and in human adipose fat samples, as well as to assess the link between circulating nesfatin-1 levels, NUCB2 and Fat Mass and Obesity Gene (FTO) polymorphisms, BMI, Eating Disorders (EDs), and pathological behaviors. Nesfatin-1 secretion was evaluated both in normoxic fully differentiated 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes and after incubation under hypoxic conditions for 24 h. Omental Visceral Adipose tissue (VAT) specimens of 11 obese subjects, and nesfatin-1 serum levels' evaluation, eating behaviors, NUCB2 rs757081, and FTO rs9939609 polymorphisms of 71 outpatients seeking treatment for EDs with different Body Mass Index (BMI) were studied. Significantly higher levels of nesfatin-1 were detected in hypoxic 3T3-L1 cultured adipocytes compared to normoxic ones. Nesfatin-1 was highly detectable in the VAT of obese compared to normal-weight subjects. Nesfatin-1 serum levels did not vary according to BMI, sex, and EDs diagnosis, but correlations with grazing; emotional, sweet, and binge eating; hyperphagia; social eating; childhood obesity were evident. Obese subjects with CG genotype NUCB2 rs757081 and AT genotype FTO rs9939609 polymorphisms had higher nesfatin-1 levels. It could represent a new biomarker of EDs comorbidity among obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Caroleo
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvira Anna Carbone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Biagio Arcidiacono
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Greco
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Maria Mirabelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gilda Fazia
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marianna Rania
- University Hospital Mater Domini of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Letizia Hribal
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Patrizia Foti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Segura-Garcia
- University Hospital Mater Domini of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-096-171-2408; Fax: +39-096-171-2393
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Woods KE, Mazursky-Horowitz H, Thomas SR, Dougherty LR, Chronis-Tuscano A. The Unique Effects of Maternal ADHD Symptoms and Emotion Dysregulation on Parenting Behavior. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:672-684. [PMID: 30762448 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719829820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Separate literatures have examined the associations between maternal ADHD symptoms and parenting and maternal emotion regulation (ER) and parenting. This study examined the effects of both maternal ADHD symptoms and ER on parenting. Method: This cross-sectional study used a multi-method evaluation of parenting behavior to examine the independent and interactive effects of maternal ADHD symptoms and ER on self-reported and observed parenting among 79 demographically diverse families of 5- to 10-year-old children. Results: There were significant main effects of maternal ER difficulties on negative parenting and of maternal ADHD symptoms on harsh responses to children's negative emotions. Maternal ADHD symptoms and ER were not significantly associated with positive parenting behavior. No interaction effects were observed. Conclusion: Maternal ADHD symptoms and emotion dysregulation may uniquely contribute to parenting difficulties. Maternal ADHD symptoms were associated with difficulties responding to children's negative emotions, whereas maternal ER was associated with difficulties with discipline practices.
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Abstract
Objective: Characterized by significant work-related impairments, difficulties with relationships, and higher rates of criminal behavior and substance abuse, ADHD is now understood as a disability that can persist throughout a lifetime. Differing opinions remain, however, regarding adult symptoms of ADHD, particularly with regard to gender differences. These issues add to the challenges of constructing a reliable and valid measure of ADHD for use with adults in research and practice. Method: We review the theoretical foundations of ADHD and psychometric properties of a major assessment device, the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS). Results: Results of the literature review found (a) a wide range of internal consistency estimates, with lowest values for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-Hyperactive/Impulsive Symptoms subscale when completed by women, and (b) discriminant validity estimates in the same range as convergent validity estimates. Conclusion: These findings raise questions about the construct validity of the CAARS and suggest directions for future research.
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Loya JM, McCauley KL, Chronis-Tuscano A, Chen SZ, Gad A, MacPherson L, Lejuez CW. An experimental paradigm examining the influence of frustration on risk-taking behavior. Behav Processes 2018; 158:155-162. [PMID: 30366109 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the impact of frustration on risk-taking in college students with low and high ADHD symptomatology (L-ADHD and H-ADHD). Participants completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) following induced frustration from a mood manipulation task (experimental session) and following no mood manipulation (control session). A manipulation check revealed a significant three-way interaction where the H-ADHD group reported higher frustration levels compared to the L-ADHD group, particularly in response to the frustration induction in the experimental condition. Primary results revealed that the L-ADHD group exploded significantly fewer balloons in the experimental condition compared to the control condition; there was a nonsignificant difference of balloon explosions across conditions for the H-ADHD group. The study provides initial laboratory-based support for the impact of frustration on the risk behavior of those with low and high levels of ADHD, with potential implications for future studies and ultimately for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Loya
- George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MSN 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States; Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, 2103 Cole Student Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
| | - Katherine L McCauley
- Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, 2103 Cole Student Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States; VA Puget Sound, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, United States
| | - Andrea Chronis-Tuscano
- University of Maryland, 1147C Biology/Psychology Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Starr Z Chen
- Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, 2103 Cole Student Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Abanoub Gad
- Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, 2103 Cole Student Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Laura MacPherson
- Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, 2103 Cole Student Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 22 S Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - C W Lejuez
- Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, 2103 Cole Student Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Strong Hall, Room 250, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
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Electrophysiological evidence of an attentional bias towards appetitive and aversive words in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1937-1946. [PMID: 30007893 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional dysregulation has emerged as a core symptom domain in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the pathophysiological underpinnings remain poorly understood. This study investigated attentional biases to positive and negative emotional words as possible contributing mechanisms. METHODS Event-related potentials (ERPSs) and behavioral attention bias indices were recorded from 39 adult patients with ADHD and 41 healthy controls during a verbal dot-probe task with positive-neutral, negative-neutral, and neutral-neutral word pairs. RESULTS Cue-locked N2pc amplitudes indicated a significant attentional bias towards emotional words in patients with ADHD and healthy controls. In healthy controls, the bias was only significant in positive trials. In patients, the bias was associated with ADHD severity and self-reported poor emotion regulation skills. ADHD patients also exhibited reduced target-locked P1 amplitudes and inferior behavioral performance compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence of an attention bias to positive and negative emotional stimuli in adult patients with ADHD and adverse effects of emotional stimuli on task performance. SIGNIFICANCE An attentional bias to emotional stimuli might contribute to emotional reactivity and dysregulation in adult patients with ADHD.
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Shushakova A, Ohrmann P, Pedersen A. Exploring deficient emotion regulation in adult ADHD: electrophysiological evidence. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:359-371. [PMID: 28770370 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Emotional dysregulation (ED) is being increasingly recognized as a core feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the pathophysiological underpinnings remain unclear. In this study, we provide meaningful electrophysiological evidence of ED in adult patients with ADHD (n = 39) compared to healthy controls (n = 40) by exploring the electrophysiological correlates of the emotion regulation strategies reappraisal, distraction, and expressive suppression. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during passive viewing of neutral and negative images, as well as during emotion regulation. The patients with ADHD exhibited increased frontal late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes during passive viewing of the aversive images and during emotion regulation. Compared with the healthy controls, a subgroup of medication-naïve patients with ADHD (n = 25) also exhibited larger centroparietal LPP amplitudes and provided more negative ratings of the aversive and neutral images. Both the frontal and centroparietal LPP amplitudes were associated with ADHD symptom severity. However, no significant deficit in LPP modulation during emotion regulation was found. These findings strongly support the clinical observation of increased emotional responsivity toward negative stimuli and difficulty during the implementation of emotion regulation strategies and thus encourage the implementation of emotion regulation modules in the treatment of adult patients with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shushakova
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 62, 24118, Kiel, Germany.,Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Patricia Ohrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Straße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anya Pedersen
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 62, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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Erford BT, Johnson E, Bardoshi G. Meta-Analysis of the English Version of the Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0748175615596783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Van Dyk K, Ganz PA. Doctor, Now That My Chemotherapy Treatment Is Over, When Will My "Chemofog" Lift? J Clin Oncol 2016; 35:482-484. [PMID: 28029322 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.70.7497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Van Dyk
- Kathleen Van Dyk and Patricia A. Ganz, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Kathleen Van Dyk and Patricia A. Ganz, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Self-Reported ADHD Symptoms and Interhemispheric Interaction in Adults: A Dimensional Approach. Behav Neurol 2015; 2015:254868. [PMID: 26089596 PMCID: PMC4452317 DOI: 10.1155/2015/254868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study applied the dimensional approach to test whether self-reported symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults are associated with the speed of interhemispheric interaction. A sample of first grade students (N = 112) completed Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales and letter matching reaction time tasks. In the tasks, participants had to match a single target letter displayed below the fixation cross, either on left or right visual field, with one of two letters displayed above the fixation cross, one letter on each visual field. For each task, identical letters were presented either within the same visual field (within hemisphere condition) or across visual fields (across hemisphere condition). Interhemispheric interaction was indexed as the difference in mean reaction time between within and across hemisphere conditions. Comorbid problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress may affect task performance and are controlled for in this study. Findings indicated that self-reported ADHD symptomology, especially hyperactivity, in the presence of stress was weakly but significantly associated with fast interhemispheric interaction.
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Fond G, Guillaume S, Jaussent I, Beziat S, Macgregor A, Bernard P, Courtet P, Bailly D, Quantin X. Prevalence and smoking behavior characteristics of nonselected smokers with childhood and/or adult self-reported ADHD symptoms in a smoking-cessation program: a cross-sectional study. J Atten Disord 2015; 19:293-300. [PMID: 23942042 DOI: 10.1177/1087054713497396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADHD involves impairing core symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in children (childhood ADHD = CH) that may persist in adulthood (adult ADHD = AD). Conflicting findings have been found regarding AD prevalences among adult smokers, and it is unclear whether AD is associated with a more severe smoking behavior in adulthood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is (a) to determine CH and AD prevalences in a nonselected sample of adult smokers, (b) to describe the characteristics of smokers with ADHD symptoms versus those without, and (c) to determine whether CH and/or AD symptoms are risk factors for more severe smoking in adulthood. METHOD Three hundred and seventy-three participants aged 18 years and over were prospectively recruited in a smoking-cessation unit. Participants were classified as "no ADHD symptoms," "CH symptoms," or "AD symptoms" according to their baseline score on the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) alone (for CH symptoms) and WURS combined to the Adult Self Report Scale (ASRS) for AD symptoms. Other clinical variables were reported at first consultation. RESULTS (a) CH symptoms were reported in 15.3% (57/373) of the total sample, 42.1% (24/57) of whom also had persistent ADHD symptoms in adulthood (prevalence of AD was 24/373 = 6.4%). (b) In comparison with participants without ADHD symptoms, smokers with ADHD symptoms consume significantly more tobacco, but ADHD symptoms were no longer significantly associated with the daily number of smoked cigarettes after adjustment for sociodemographic variables. No significant association was found between the two groups and age at the first cigarette, age at onset daily smoking, and nicotine dependence. (c) Participants were categorized into three groups: Group 1 without ADHD symptoms lifetime (NH; n = 316), Group 2 with childhood history of ADHD symptoms (CH; n = 33), and Group 3 with Adult ADHD symptoms (AD; n = 24). The association with tobacco consumption (>20 cigarettes/day) was significant for CH only (p = .02). After adjustment for gender, age, professional status, and educational level, this association was not longer significant. CONCLUSION Childhood and adult ADHD symptoms are both highly prevalent among nonselected smokers but our study failed to show more severe smoking characteristics among these participants after adjustment with sociodemographic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fond
- Inserm U955, Université Paris-Est, GHU Mondor, Pepsy, Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France Inserm U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Sebastien Guillaume
- Inserm U1061, Montpellier, France Service hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Severine Beziat
- Inserm U1061, Montpellier, France Service hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandra Macgregor
- Inserm U1061, Montpellier, France Service hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Paquito Bernard
- Département universitaire de pneumonologie et d'addictologie, Epsylon EA 4556, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, France Laboratory EA EPSYLON, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Inserm U1061, Montpellier, France Service hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Bailly
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier Quantin
- Département universitaire de pneumonologie et d'addictologie, Epsylon EA 4556, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, France
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Mautner VF, Granström S, Leark RA. Impact of ADHD in adults with neurofibromatosis type 1: associated psychological and social problems. J Atten Disord 2015; 19:35-43. [PMID: 22786884 DOI: 10.1177/1087054712450749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the psychological phenotype of ADHD, and the effect of ADHD on life satisfaction and personality in adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). METHOD Adults with NF1 without (n = 26) and with ADHD (n = 22), and adults with ADHD only (n = 27) completed questionnaires on personality traits and life satisfaction. Differences between groups were analyzed. RESULTS Participants with NF1 and ADHD present an emotionally instable psychological phenotype similar to adults with ADHD only, which differed significantly from that in adults with NF1 only. Participants with NF1 and ADHD had significantly lower overall life satisfaction than NF1 participants without such symptoms, affecting general health, self-satisfaction, sexuality, and family. CONCLUSION The authors' findings show that ADHD symptoms can persist through adulthood. These NF1 patients display problems similar to those of adults with ADHD only. This finding is highly relevant to understand the behavioral and psychological phenotype in adults with NF1 and to offer psychological and/or medical treatment.
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Mazursky-Horowitz H, Felton JW, MacPherson L, Ehrlich KB, Cassidy J, Lejuez CW, Chronis-Tuscano A. Maternal Emotion Regulation Mediates the Association Between Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Parenting. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 43:121-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-014-9894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Mooreville M, Shomaker LB, Reina SA, Hannallah LM, Adelyn Cohen L, Courville AB, Kozlosky M, Brady SM, Condarco T, Yanovski SZ, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski JA. Depressive symptoms and observed eating in youth. Appetite 2014; 75:141-9. [PMID: 24424352 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms in youth may be a risk factor for obesity, with altered eating behaviors as one possible mechanism. We tested whether depressive symptoms were associated with observed eating patterns expected to promote excessive weight gain in two separate samples. In Study 1, 228 non-treatment-seeking youth, ages 12-17y (15.3±1.4y; 54.7% female), self-reported depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory. Energy intake was measured as consumption from a 10,934-kcal buffet meal served at 11:00am after an overnight fast. In Study 2, 204 non-treatment-seeking youth, ages 8-17y (13.0±2.8y; 49.5% female), self-reported depressive symptoms using the Children's Depression Inventory. Energy intake was measured as consumption from a 9835-kcal buffet meal served at 2:30pm after a standard breakfast. In Study 1, controlling for body composition and other relevant covariates, depressive symptoms were positively related to total energy intake in girls and boys. In Study 2, adjusting for the same covariates, depressive symptoms among girls only were positively associated with total energy intake. Youth high in depressive symptoms and dietary restraint consumed the most energy from sweets. In both studies, the effects of depressive symptoms on intake were small. Nevertheless, depressive symptoms were associated with significantly greater consumption of total energy and energy from sweet snack foods, which, over time, could be anticipated to promote excess weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Mooreville
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA.
| | - Samantha A Reina
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louise M Hannallah
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - L Adelyn Cohen
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Amber B Courville
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Merel Kozlosky
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tania Condarco
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan Z Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bubl E, Dörr M, Philipsen A, Ebert D, Bach M, van Elst LT. Retinal contrast transfer functions in adults with and without ADHD. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61728. [PMID: 23658697 PMCID: PMC3642133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, we found a strong reduction in contrast perception and retinal contrast gain in patients with major depression, which normalized after remission of depression. We also identified a possible role of the dopaminergic system in this effect, because visual contrast perception depends on dopaminergic neurotransmission. Dopamine is also known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Therefore, in order to explore the specificity of retinal contrast gain as a marker of depression in comparison with other psychiatric diseases, we recorded the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in patients with ADHD. Twenty patients diagnosed with ADHD and 20 matched healthy subjects were studied. Visual pattern electroretinograms were recorded from both eyes. The contrast gain of the patients with attention deficit disorder (ADD) did not differ from the control group, nor did the contrast gain of any ADHD subgroup (predominantly inattentive or combined patients). In the healthy subjects, a significant correlation between depression score and contrast gain was found. As the contrast gain in an earlier study clearly separated the patients with depression from the controls, we assume that retinal contrast gain might be a specific marker in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Bubl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Dörr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Ebert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bach
- University Eye Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Kumar G, Faden J, Steer RA. Screening for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adult Inpatients with Psychiatric Disorders. Psychol Rep 2011; 108:815-24. [DOI: 10.2466/03.05.09.13.15.pr0.108.3.815-824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to assess the effectiveness of the adult ADHD Module from the MINI International Neuropsychiatrie Interview (MINI) and the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales: Screening Version DSM-IV ADHD Symptoms Total Scale (CAARS-S:SV) in screening for attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) disorder in patients hospitalized for other psychiatric disorders. Assessment measures were administered to 55 (50%) female and 55 (50%) male adult (> 18 yr. old) inpatients. Only six (5%) of the 110 inpatients had been diagnosed with comorbid ADHD according to medical charts. In contrast, 55 (50%) patients met criteria for ADHD according to the MINI, and 39 (36%) patients met criteria on the CAARS-S:SV. The higher rates of prevalence for the MINI and the CAARS-S:SV were attributable to symptom criteria for ADHD being similar to those shared with comorbid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Osteopathie Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
| | - Justin Faden
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Osteopathie Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
| | - Robert A. Steer
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Osteopathie Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
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Thombs BD, Ziegelstein RC, Pilote L, Dozois DJA, Beck AT, Dobson KS, Fuss S, de Jonge P, Grace SL, Stewart DE, Ormel J, Abbey SE. Somatic symptom overlap in Beck Depression Inventory-II scores following myocardial infarction. Br J Psychiatry 2010; 197:61-6. [PMID: 20592436 PMCID: PMC2894982 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.076596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression measures that include somatic symptoms may inflate severity estimates among medically ill patients, including those with cardiovascular disease. AIMS To evaluate whether people receiving in-patient treatment following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) had higher somatic symptom scores on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) than a non-medically ill control group matched on cognitive/affective scores. METHOD Somatic scores on the BDI-II were compared between 209 patients admitted to hospital following an AMI and 209 psychiatry out-patients matched on gender, age and cognitive/affective scores, and between 366 post-AMI patients and 366 undergraduate students matched on gender and cognitive/affective scores. RESULTS Somatic symptoms accounted for 44.1% of total BDI-II score for the 209 post-AMI and psychiatry out-patient groups, 52.7% for the 366 post-AMI patients and 46.4% for the students. Post-AMI patients had somatic scores on average 1.1 points higher than the students (P<0.001). Across groups, somatic scores accounted for approximately 70% of low total scores (BDI-II <4) v. approximately 35% in patients with total BDI-II scores of 12 or more. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contradict assertions that self-report depressive symptom measures inflate severity scores in post-AMI patients. However, the preponderance of somatic symptoms at low score levels across groups suggests that BDI-II scores may include a small amount of somatic symptom variance not necessarily related to depression in post-AMI and non-medically ill respondents.
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17
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A cluster-randomized effectiveness trial of smoking cessation modified for at-risk smoker subgroups. J Subst Abuse Treat 2010; 38:128-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 07/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Paschali A, Messinis L, Kargiotis O, Lakiotis V, Kefalopoulou Z, Constantoyannis C, Papathanasopoulos P, Vassilakos P. SPECT neuroimaging and neuropsychological functions in different stages of Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 37:1128-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-010-1381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Batra A, Collins SE, Torchalla I, Schröter M, Buchkremer G. Multidimensional smoker profiles and their prediction of smoking following a pharmacobehavioral intervention. J Subst Abuse Treat 2008; 35:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Gollan JK, Pane H, McCloskey M, Coccaro EF. Identifying differences in biased affective information processing in major depression. Psychiatry Res 2008; 159:18-24. [PMID: 18342954 PMCID: PMC2571942 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the extent to which participants with major depression differ from healthy comparison participants in the irregularities in affective information processing, characterized by deficits in facial expression recognition, intensity categorization, and reaction time to identifying emotionally salient and neutral information. Data on diagnoses, symptom severity, and affective information processing using a facial recognition task were collected from 66 participants, male and female between ages 18 and 54 years, grouped by major depressive disorder (N=37) or healthy non-psychiatric (N=29) status. Findings from MANCOVAs revealed that major depression was associated with a significantly longer reaction time to sad facial expressions compared with healthy status. Also, depressed participants demonstrated a negative bias towards interpreting neutral facial expressions as sad significantly more often than healthy participants. In turn, healthy participants interpreted neutral faces as happy significantly more often than depressed participants. No group differences were observed for facial expression recognition and intensity categorization. The observed effects suggest that depression has significant effects on the perception of the intensity of negative affective stimuli, delayed speed of processing sad affective information, and biases towards interpreting neutral faces as sad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie K. Gollan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 446 E. Ontario, Ste. 7-204, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather Pane
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 446 E. Ontario, Ste. 7-204, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael McCloskey
- Clinical Neuroscience and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emil F. Coccaro
- Clinical Neuroscience and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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La Malfa G, Lassi S, Bertelli M, Pallanti S, Albertini G. Detecting attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults with intellectual disability The use of Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS). RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2008; 29:158-64. [PMID: 17416484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood. It is also thought that ADHD is more prevalent in the field of intellectual disability (ID) than in the general population, but there are not many experimental studies. Since ADHD diagnosis in adults is more difficult, specific rating scales correlated to the main diagnostic systems have been created but have not been applied to people with ID. This work presents an application of an ADHD screening rating scale, the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) screening version to 46 adults with ID. The resulting prevalence of "ADHD-positive" was 19.6%. These data are in accord with results reported in the general adult literature. Our data suggest that ID and attention disorders can co-occur. Therefore, not only can ADHD be a valid psychiatric diagnosis for a child with ID but for an adult with ID as well. The CAARS can be considered a useful clinical instrument to survey ADHD in ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- G La Malfa
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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22
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Emotional Problems Suppress Disorder/Performance Associations in Adult ADHD Assessment. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-007-9067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Hooley PJD, Butler G, Howlett JG. The relationship of quality of life, depression, and caregiver burden in outpatients with congestive heart failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 11:303-10. [PMID: 16330905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-5299.2005.03620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary caregivers of patients with congestive heart failure withstand enormous burden, often sacrificing their own quality of life. The relationship between caregiver burden and depression and patient quality of life and depression in this setting is unknown. Fifty outpatients were prospectively administered the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). Caregivers were administered the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview and BDI-II. The mean quality of life score was 35, and 26% had a BDI-II score >10. The mean Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview score was 16. Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, BDI-II, and Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview scores were all associated with lower ejection fraction, need for hospitalization, increased number of medications, and comorbidities. Patient Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score correlated with patient BDI-II, caregiver BDI-II, and Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview scores. Caregiver burden score correlated with both caregiver BDI-II and patient BDI-II. Death or hospitalization at 6 months was associated with caregiver burden and depressive symptoms and with patient quality of life and depressive symptoms. Caregivers of patients with congestive heart failure experience high caregiver burden and prevalence of depressive symptoms, which are related to the patient disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J D Hooley
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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