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Alareqe NA, Roslan S, Nordin MS, Ahmad NA, Taresh SM. Psychometric Properties of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III in an Arabic Clinical Sample Compared With American, Italian, and Dutch Cultures. Front Psychol 2021; 12:562619. [PMID: 34566736 PMCID: PMC8458952 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.562619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory MCMI–III is a multidimensional measure of psychopathology with excellent construct validity, test-retest reliability as well as internal consistency. Factor analysis of the MCMI-III has produced mixed results, extracting parsimonious three-factor solutions, or replicating the original four-factor solution in psychiatric samples from Western countries. However, little work has been done on the psychometric properties of the MCMI–III, using non-Western psychiatric samples. Outpatients (N = 212) completed the MCMI–III during a semi-structured interview. Eight exploratory factor analysis (EFA) methods were used to explore the underlying structure of MCMI–III. Skewness, kurtosis, and descriptive statistics confirmed that scales of MCMI–III were normally distributed. High-internal consistency was found. The eight EFA methods applied to the 24 clinical scales identified a consensual three-factor solution: factor I (internalizing psychopathology; 18 scales), factor II (externalizing psychopathology; 4 scales) and factor III (psychological disturbance; 2 scales), accounting for a total of 72% of the common variance. Regarding the cross-cultural equivalence of the MCMI–III structure, Tucker's congruence coefficient (Φ) was used and confirmed that internalizing (F1) and externalizing psychopathology (F2) factors obtained in this study are similar to high vs. low psychopathology and emotional constraint factors provided by American study of Haddy et al. (2005) (Φ was 0.86 and 0.97). These two factors are also similar to the general adjustment and antisocial acting out factors provided by the American study of Craig and Bivens (1998) (Φ was 0.82 and 0.96). The first two factors in this study also reflect high similarity with the factor solutions obtained with the Italian and Dutch versions of MCMI-III (Rossi et al., 2007; Pignolo et al., 2017). Despite using a psychiatric sample from a non-Western culture, the two factors identified for this MCMI–III Arabic version were similar to those reported on studies with MCMI–III, using primarily Western samples (Craig and Bivens, 1998; Rossi et al., 2007).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samsilah Roslan
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Sahari Nordin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, International Islamic University Malaysia, Selayang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aniza Ahmad
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Sahar Mohammed Taresh
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.,Department of Kindergarten, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
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Sinclair SJ, McRitchie A, DeFilippo S, Blais MA, Toomey J, Colby KA, Goldsmith G, Antonius D, Laguerre J, Haggerty G. The Spectra: Indices of Psychopathology: Construct Validity and Sensitivity to Change in an Inpatient Psychiatric Sample. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dong Y, Dumas D. Are personality measures valid for different populations? A systematic review of measurement invariance across cultures, gender, and age. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rossi G, Derksen J. International Adaptations of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory: Construct Validity and Clinical Applications. J Pers Assess 2016; 97:572-90. [PMID: 26473456 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2015.1079531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the influence of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) as a clinical and research instrument beyond the borders of the United States. The MCMI's theoretical and empirical grounding, its alignment with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and scales that can be interpreted both categorically and dimensionally, are the primary features that make the test attractive. We begin with studies that evaluated the construct equivalence of the different language adaptations. Data from the most widely researched non English-language forms (Danish, Dutch, and Spanish) show excellent comparability with Millon's original. Nevertheless, significant problems were noted in efforts to create clinical groups that would allow for equivalence of diagnostic accuracy when using the cutoff scores. Although dimensional aspects of the scale scores were not affected by this, the adapted measures might show attenuated diagnostic accuracy compared with Millon's original. Next, we present MCMI studies conducted in clinical settings to document where the adapted tests have made their greatest impact in the international literature. A wide variety of clinical applications demonstrated broad utility, and given the high number of issues addressed, we think Millon's influence will certainly stand the test of time in different domains and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Rossi
- a Department of Clinical and Life Span Psychology , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Jan Derksen
- a Department of Clinical and Life Span Psychology , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium.,b Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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La medición de síntomas psicológicos y psicosomáticos: el Listado de Síntomas Breve (LSB-50). CLÍNICA Y SALUD 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clysa.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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van der Heijden PT, Egger JIM, Rossi GMP, Derksen JJL. Integrating Psychopathology and Personality Disorders Conceptualized by the MMPI–2–RF and the MCMI–III: A Structural Validity Study. J Pers Assess 2012; 94:345-57. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2012.656861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Carvalho LDF. Teoria, avaliação e psicoterapia segundo a proposta de Theodore Millon. PSICO-USF 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-82712011000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Os transtornos da personalidade podem ser compreendidos como construtos teóricos empregados para representar diversos estilos ou padrões em que a personalidade funciona de maneira mal-adaptada em relação ao seu ambiente. A teoria dos estilos da personalidade de Theodore Millon é um dos modelos que se propõem a compreender esses transtornos. A partir de seu modelo teórico, são sugeridos distintos estilos da personalidade, bem como um instrumento para avaliação dos transtornos da personalidade, o Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI), que é amplamente utilizado no contexto de pesquisa e clínica no âmbito internacional, e uma modalidade psicoterapêutica, chamada de psicoterapia sinergética.
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Ruocco AC, Swirsky-Sacchetti T, Choca JP. Assessing personality and psychopathology after traumatic brain injury with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III. Brain Inj 2009; 21:1233-44. [DOI: 10.1080/02699050701716919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Strack S, Millon T. Contributions to the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Disorders Using Millon's Model and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI–III). J Pers Assess 2007; 89:56-69. [PMID: 17604534 DOI: 10.1080/00223890701357217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
For over 35 years, Mllion's (1996) model of personality and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (Millon, 1977, 1987, 2006) have been useful resources for clinicians to understand and assess personality disorders (PDs) and clinical syndromes in psychiatric patients. In this article, we highlight significant features of the model and test that have proved valuable to personologists in their quest for a more satisfactory taxonomy of PDs based on continuously distributed traits. We also describe Millon's (1996)prototypal domain approach to personality that combines dimensional and categorical elements for the description of PDs and their normal counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Strack
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Ambulatory Care Center, Los Angeles, California 90012-3328, USA.
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Rossi G, van der Ark LA, Sloore H. Factor analysis of the Dutch-language version of the MCMI-III. J Pers Assess 2007; 88:144-57. [PMID: 17437380 DOI: 10.1080/00223890701267977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the factor structure of the Dutch-language version of the MCMI-III (Millon, Millon, Davis, & Grossman, 2006) using exploratory factor analysis on data obtained from a heterogeneous White sample (n = 1,210). We identified 4 factors: General Maladjustment, Aggression/Social Deviance, Paranoid/Delusional Thinking, and Emotional Instability/Detachment. This structure was invariant across scale composition (linear dependent vs. independent scales), factor analytic method (principal factor vs. principal component solutions), and sample characteristics (gender 'male-female' and setting 'clinical-forensic.' Studies that have used previous MCMI (Millon, 1969/1983b) versions have also found 4 similar factors, whereas studies that have used the American version of the MCMI-III have only found 3 factors. However, differences between the Dutch and American version were completely determined by factor analytic decisions. The factor structure of the MCMI-III appeared to be cross-culturally invariant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Rossi
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Personality and Social Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Brussel, Belgium.
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Abstract
This article reviews current research on medication-overuse headache (MOH), and provides clinical suggestions for effective treatment programs. Epidemiological research has identified reliance on analgesics as a predictive factor in headache chronicity. MOH can be distinguished as simple (Type I) or complex (Type II). Simple cases involve relatively short-term drug overuse, relatively modest amounts of overused medications, minimal psychiatric contribution, and no history of relapse after drug withdrawal. In contrast, complex cases often present with multiple psychiatric comorbidities and a history of relapse. Although limited, current research suggests that comorbid psychiatric disorders are more prevalent in MOH than in control headache conditions, and may precede the onset of MOH. There appears to be an elevated risk of family history of substance use disorders in MOH patients, and an increased risk of MOH in patients with diagnosed personality disorders. Current studies suggest a high rate of relapse at 3 to 4 years after drug withdrawal and pharmacological treatment, with most relapse occurring during the first year of treatment. Relapse is a greater problem with analgesics than ergots or triptans. The addition of behavioral treatment to prophylactic medication may significantly reduce the risk of relapse over a period of several years. Clinical recommendations include assessment and modification of psychological factors that may underlie MOH, provision of detailed educational information, and combining behavioral treatment with the current standard of drug withdrawal and use of prophylactic pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin E Lake
- Michigan Head-Pain and Neurological Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
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