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Figueira MI, Carvalho TMA, Macário-Monteiro J, Cardoso HJ, Correia S, Vaz CV, Duarte AP, Socorro S. The Pros and Cons of Estrogens in Prostate Cancer: An Update with a Focus on Phytoestrogens. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1636. [PMID: 39200101 PMCID: PMC11351860 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of estrogens in prostate cancer (PCa) is shrouded in mystery, with its actions going from angelic to devilish. The findings by Huggins and Hodges establishing PCa as a hormone-sensitive cancer have provided the basis for using estrogens in therapy. However, despite the clinical efficacy in suppressing tumor growth and the panoply of experimental evidence describing its anticarcinogenic effects, estrogens were abolished from PCa treatment because of the adverse secondary effects. Notwithstanding, research work over the years has continued investigating the effects of estrogens, reporting their pros and cons in prostate carcinogenesis. In contrast with the beneficial therapeutic effects, many reports have implicated estrogens in the disruption of prostate cell fate and tissue homeostasis. On the other hand, epidemiological data demonstrating the lower incidence of PCa in Eastern countries associated with a higher consumption of phytoestrogens support the beneficial role of estrogens in counteracting cancer development. Many studies have investigated the effects of phytoestrogens and the underlying mechanisms of action, which may contribute to developing safe estrogen-based anti-PCa therapies. This review compiles the existing data on the anti- and protumorigenic actions of estrogens and summarizes the anticancer effects of several phytoestrogens, highlighting their promising features in PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.I.F.)
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2
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Almatroodi SA, Almatroudi A, Alharbi HOA, Khan AA, Rahmani AH. Effects and Mechanisms of Luteolin, a Plant-Based Flavonoid, in the Prevention of Cancers via Modulation of Inflammation and Cell Signaling Molecules. Molecules 2024; 29:1093. [PMID: 38474604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavonoid, is mainly found in various vegetables and fruits, including carrots, cabbages, onions, parsley, apples, broccoli, and peppers. Extensive research in vivo and in vitro has been performed to explore its role in disease prevention and treatment. Moreover, this compound possesses the ability to combat cancer by modulating cell-signaling pathways across various types of cancer. The studies have confirmed that luteolin can inhibit cancer-cell survival and proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, mTOR/PI3K/Akt, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, and cell-cycle arrest, and induce apoptosis. Further, scientific evidence describes that this compound plays a vital role in the up/down-regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer therapy. This review aims to outline the anti-cancer mechanisms of this compound and its molecular targets. However, a knowledge gap remains regarding the studies on its safety and efficacy and clinical trials. Therefore, it is essential to conduct more research based on safety, efficacy, and clinical trials to explore the beneficial role of this compound in disease management, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajed Obaid A Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Benedicto VL, Haguar Z, Abdulhasan A, Narayanaswami V. Apolipoprotein E3 Containing Nanodiscs as Vehicles for Transport and Targeted Delivery of Flavonoid Luteolin. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2988-2999. [PMID: 38250386 PMCID: PMC10795050 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Luteolin is a flavonoid that possesses multiple beneficial biological properties, such as anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that luteolin can be transported across a cell via a nanodisc delivery system and delivered to intracellular sites. Luteolin was incorporated into reconstituted high-density lipoprotein complexes made up of apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) N-terminal domain (apoE3NT) and 1,2-dimystrioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. ApoE3NT confers the ability on nanodiscs to traverse the plasma membrane via low-density lipoprotein receptor or scavenger receptor-B1. Physicochemical characterization revealed that the nanodiscs were 17-22 nm in diameter as demonstrated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and dynamic lightering analysis and ∼660 kDa in size, with a luteolin content of ∼4 luteolin molecules/nanodisc. Luteolin appeared to be embedded in the nonpolar core of nanodiscs, as revealed by fluorescence quenching and polarization analysis and spectroscopic characterization. The presence of luteolin did not affect the ability of apoE3NT to mediate binding and cellular uptake of luteolin containing nanodiscs in macrophages, as inferred from immunofluorescence analysis that revealed apoE- and lipid-related fluorescence as punctate perinuclear vesicles and from flow cytometry studies. Lastly, luteolin appeared to be localized in the nucleus, having escaped the lysosomes following disassembly of the nanodiscs as suggested by fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy analyses. Taken together, nanodiscs offer the potential to effectively transport luteolin and potentially therapeutic drugs into perinuclear sites in cells, where they can be available to enter the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahraa Haguar
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University,
Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Abbas Abdulhasan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University,
Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Vasanthy Narayanaswami
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University,
Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
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4
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Qattan MY, Khan MI, Alharbi SH, Verma AK, Al-Saeed FA, Abduallah AM, Al Areefy AA. Therapeutic Importance of Kaempferol in the Treatment of Cancer through the Modulation of Cell Signalling Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:8864. [PMID: 36557997 PMCID: PMC9788613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived flavonoids are considered natural nontoxic chemo-preventers and have been widely studied for cancer treatment in recent decades. Mostly all flavonoid compounds show significant anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant properties. Kaempferol (Kmp) is a well-studied compound and exhibits remarkable anticancer and antioxidant potential. Kmp can regulate various cancer-related processes and activities such as cell cycle, oxidative stress, apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. The anti-cancer properties of Kmp primarily occur via modulation of apoptosis, MAPK/ERK1/2, P13K/Akt/mTOR, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling pathways. The anti-cancer property of Kmp has been recognized in several in-vivo and in-vitro studies which also includes numerous cell lines and animal models. This flavonoid possesses toxic activities against only cancer cells and have restricted toxicity on healthy cells. In this review, we present extensive research investigations about the therapeutic potential of Kmp in the management of different types of cancers. The anti-cancer properties of Kmp are discussed by concentration on its capability to target molecular-signalling pathway such as VEGF, STAT, p53, NF-κB and PI3K-AKT signalling pathways. The anti-cancer property of Kmf has gained a lot of attention, but the accurate action mechanism remains unclear. However, this natural compound has a great pharmacological capability and is now considered to be an alternative cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Yahia Qattan
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, KSA- 4545, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shudayyed Hasham Alharbi
- Pharmacy Department, Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH), Qassim Cluster, Ministry of Health, Buraydah 52384, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Fatimah A. Al-Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alduwish Manal Abduallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkarj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A. Al Areefy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Nutrition & Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo 11281, Egypt
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5
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Asgharzadeh F, Moradi-Marjaneh R, Marjaneh MM. The Role of Heat Shock Protein 27 in Carcinogenesis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2677-2685. [PMID: 35490324 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220427140640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has significantly increased in recent decades, which has made this disease an important global health issue. Despite many efforts, there is no useful prognostic or diagnostic biomarker for CRC. Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is one of the most studied members of the Hsp family. It has attracted particular attention in CRC pathogenesis since it is involved in fundamental cell functions for cell survival. Evidence shows that Hsp27 plays important role in CRC progression and metastasis. Hsp27 overexpression has been observed in CRC and is suggested to be associated with CRC's poor prognosis. In the present review, we focus on the current knowledge of the role of Hsp27 in CRC carcinogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the value of targeting Hsp27 in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Moradi-Marjaneh
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moradi Marjaneh
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Kaempferol suppresses androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer by regulating Ki67 expression. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4607-4617. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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7
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Kaempferol, Myricetin and Fisetin in Prostate and Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113750. [PMID: 34836005 PMCID: PMC8621729 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate and bladder cancer represent the two most frequently diagnosed genito-urinary malignancies. Diet has been implicated in both prostate and bladder cancer. Given their prolonged latency and high prevalence rates, both prostate and bladder cancer represent attractive candidates for dietary preventive measures, including the use of nutritional supplements. Flavonols, a class of flavonoids, are commonly found in fruit and vegetables and are known for their protective effect against diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, a higher dietary intake of flavonols was associated with a lower risk of both bladder and prostate cancer in epidemiological studies. In this systematic review, we gathered all available evidence supporting the anti-cancer potential of selected flavonols (kaempferol, fisetin and myricetin) against bladder and prostate cancer. A total of 21, 15 and 7 pre-clinical articles on bladder or prostate cancer reporting on kaempferol, fisetin and myricetin, respectively, were found, while more limited evidence was available from animal models and epidemiological studies or clinical trials. In conclusion, the available evidence supports the potential use of these flavonols in prostate and bladder cancer, with a low expected toxicity, thus providing the rationale for clinical trials that explore dosing, settings for clinical use as well as their use in combination with other pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
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Heat Shock Proteins 27, 70, and 110: Expression and Prognostic Significance in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174407. [PMID: 34503216 PMCID: PMC8431468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are evolutionarily conserved chaperones occurring in virtually all living organisms playing a key role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They are constitutively expressed to prevent and repair protein damage following various physiological and environmental stressors. HSPs are overexpressed in various types of cancers to provide cytoprotective function, and they have been described to influence prognosis and response to therapy. Moreover, they have been used as a tumor marker in blood serum biochemistry and they represent a potentially promising therapeutic target. To clarify prognostic significance of two canonical HSPs (27 and 70) and less known HSP110 (previously known as HSP105) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), we retrospectively performed HSP immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from 297 patients with known follow-up. Survival analysis (univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression) revealed significantly shorter overall survival (OS, mean 5.54 vs. 7.07, p = 0.033) and borderline insignificantly shorter cancer specific survival (CSS, mean 6.3 vs. 7.87 years, p = 0.066) in patients with HSP70+ tumors. In the case of HSP27+ tumors, there was an insignificantly shorter OS (mean 6.36 vs. 7.13 years, p = 0.2) and CSS (mean 7.17 vs. 7.95 years, p = 0.2). HSP110 showed no significant impact on survival. Using Pearson's chi-squared test, there was a significant association of HSP27 and HSP70 expression with advanced cancer stage. HSP27+ tumors were more frequently mismatch-repair proficient and vice versa (p = 0.014), and they occurred more often in female patients and vice versa (p = 0.015). There was an enrichment of left sided tumors with HSP110+ compared to the right sided (p = 0.022). In multivariate Cox regression adjusted on the UICC stage, grade and right/left side; both HSPs 27 and 70 were not independent survival predictors (p = 0.616 & p = 0.586). In multivariate analysis, only advanced UICC stage (p = 0) and right sided localization (p = 0.04) were independent predictors of worse CSS. In conclusion, from all three HSPs examined in our study, only HSP70 expression worsened CRC prognosis, although stage-dependent. The contribution of this article may be seen as a large survival analysis of HSPs 27 and 70 and the largest analysis of HSP110 described in CRC.
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9
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Méndez-López LF, Caboni P, Arredondo-Espinoza E, Carrizales-Castillo JJJ, Balderas-Rentería I, Camacho-Corona MDR. Bioassay-Guided Identification of the Antiproliferative Compounds of Cissus trifoliata and the Transcriptomic Effect of Resveratrol in Prostate Cancer Pc3 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082200. [PMID: 33920405 PMCID: PMC8070146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioassay-guided fractionation of a CHCl3-MeOH extract from the stems of Cissus trifoliata identified an active fraction against PC3 prostate cancer cells. The treatment for 24 h showed an 80% reduction in cell viability (p ≤ 0.05) by a WST-1 assay at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. The HPLC-QTOF-MS analysis of the fraction showed the presence of coumaric and isoferulic acids, apigenin, kaempferol, chrysoeriol, naringenin, ursolic and betulinic acids, hexadecadienoic and octadecadienoic fatty acids, and the stilbene resveratrol. The exposure of PC3 cells to resveratrol (IC25 = 23 μg/mL) for 24 h induced significant changes in 847 genes (Z-score ≥ ±2). The functional classification tool of the DAVID v6.8 platform indicates that the underlying molecular mechanisms against the proliferation of PC3 cells were associated (p ≤ 0.05) with the process of differentiation and metabolism. These findings provide experimental evidence suggesting the potential of C. trifoliata as a promising natural source of anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Méndez-López
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico; (E.A.-E.); (J.J.J.C.-C.); (I.B.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Publica, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 66460, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.F.M.-L.); ; (M.d.R.C.-C.); Tel.: +52-81-8329-4000-3414 (M.d.R.C.-C.)
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Dipartamento Scienze della vita e dell’ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Eder Arredondo-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico; (E.A.-E.); (J.J.J.C.-C.); (I.B.-R.)
| | - Juan J. J. Carrizales-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico; (E.A.-E.); (J.J.J.C.-C.); (I.B.-R.)
| | - Isaías Balderas-Rentería
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico; (E.A.-E.); (J.J.J.C.-C.); (I.B.-R.)
| | - María del Rayo Camacho-Corona
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico; (E.A.-E.); (J.J.J.C.-C.); (I.B.-R.)
- Correspondence: (L.F.M.-L.); ; (M.d.R.C.-C.); Tel.: +52-81-8329-4000-3414 (M.d.R.C.-C.)
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10
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Ligand-based pharmacophore filtering, atom based 3D-QSAR, virtual screening and ADME studies for the discovery of potential ck2 inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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El Sayed AM, Basyoni MM, ElGayed SH, El-Badry AA, Abdel-Sattar E. Pregnane glycoside from Huernia saudi-arabica as latent schistosomicidal mediator. Nat Prod Res 2020; 34:311-316. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1528584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M. El Sayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha M. Basyoni
- Medical Parasitology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sabah H. ElGayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman A. El-Badry
- Medical Parasitology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Microbiology Department-Medical Parasitology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Small molecule inhibitors and stimulators of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cancer cells from natural origin (phytochemicals, marine compounds, antibiotics). Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113792. [PMID: 31926145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are a family of isoforms, which generate nitric oxide (NO). NO is one of the smallest molecules in nature and acts mainly as a potent vasodilator. It participates in various biological processes ranging from physiological to pathological conditions. Inducible NOS (iNOS, NOS2) is a calcium-independent and inducible isoform. Despite high iNOS expression in many tumors, the role of iNOS is still unclear and complex with both enhancing and prohibiting actions in tumorigenesis. Nature presents a broad variety of natural stimulators and inhibitors, which may either promote or inhibit iNOS response. In the present review, we give an overview of iNOS-modulating agents with a special focus on both natural and synthetic molecules and their effects in related biological processes. The role of iNOS in physiological and pathological conditions is also discussed.
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Zhou Y, Cai S, Moutal A, Yu J, Gómez K, Madura CL, Shan Z, Pham NYN, Serafini MJ, Dorame A, Scott DD, François-Moutal L, Perez-Miller S, Patek M, Khanna M, Khanna R. The Natural Flavonoid Naringenin Elicits Analgesia through Inhibition of NaV1.8 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4834-4846. [PMID: 31697467 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one is a natural flavonoid found in fruits from the citrus family. Because (2S)-naringenin is known to racemize, its bioactivity might be related to one or both enantiomers. Computational studies predicted that (2R)-naringenin may act on voltage-gated ion channels, particularly the N-type calcium channel (CaV2.2) and the NaV1.7 sodium channel-both of which are key for pain signaling. Here we set out to identify the possible mechanism of action of naringenin. Naringenin inhibited depolarization-evoked Ca2+ influx in acetylcholine-, ATP-, and capsaicin-responding rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. This was corroborated in electrophysiological recordings from DRG neurons. Pharmacological dissection of each of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels subtypes could not pinpoint any selectivity of naringenin. Instead, naringenin inhibited NaV1.8-dependent and tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant while sparing tetrodotoxin sensitive (TTX-S) voltage-gated Na+ channels as evidenced by the lack of further inhibition by the NaV1.8 blocker A-803467. The effects of the natural flavonoid were validated ex vivo in spinal cord slices where naringenin decreased both the frequency and amplitude of sEPSC recorded in neurons within the substantia gelatinosa. The antinociceptive potential of naringenin was evaluated in male and female mice. Naringenin had no effect on the nociceptive thresholds evoked by heat. Naringenin's reversed allodynia was in mouse models of postsurgical and neuropathic pain. Here, driven by a call by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health's strategic plan to advance fundamental research into basic biological mechanisms of the action of natural products, we advance the antinociceptive potential of the flavonoid naringenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Song Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Kimberly Gómez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Cynthia L. Madura
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Zhiming Shan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Nancy Y. N. Pham
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Maria J. Serafini
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Angie Dorame
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - David D. Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Liberty François-Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
| | - Marcel Patek
- BrightRock Path Consulting, LLC, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5050, Arizona, United States
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
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Targeting Heat Shock Protein 27 in Cancer: A Druggable Target for Cancer Treatment? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081195. [PMID: 31426426 PMCID: PMC6721579 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), induced by heat shock, environmental, and pathophysiological stressors, is a multi-functional protein that acts as a protein chaperone and an antioxidant. HSP27 plays a significant role in the inhibition of apoptosis and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. HSP27 is upregulated in many cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis, as well as treatment resistance, whereby cells are protected from therapeutic agents that normally induce apoptosis. This review highlights the most recent findings and role of HSP27 in cancer, as well as the strategies for using HSP27 inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.
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15
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Luteolin modulates gene expression related to steroidogenesis, apoptosis, and stress response in rat LC540 tumor Leydig cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 36:31-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Bahman M, Hajimehdipoor H, Bioos S, Hashem-Dabaghian F, Afrakhteh M, Tansaz M. Effect of Aslagh Capsule, a Traditional Compound Herbal Product on Oligomenorrhea in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Three-Arm, Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1261. [PMID: 34466481 PMCID: PMC8343515 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oligomenorrhea is a common complaint in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). There are some useful medicinal recommendations such as Aslagh product (include fennel fruits, carrot seeds, chaste tree fruits) in Iranian traditional medicine for the treatment of oligomenorrhea in PCOS. Hence, the present investigation was designed to compare Aslagh capsule with metformin on the oligomenorrhea. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty women aged between 18-43 years with oligomenorrhea due to PCOS were randomly divided into Aslagh, metformin, and Aslagh + metformin groups. The occurrence of menstrual bleeding was considered as the primary outcome. Menstrual cyclicity, duration, and volume of the bleeding were also evaluated. Results: Occurrence of menstrual bleeding was 87.2% in all patients, with no significant difference between the three groups (P> 0.05). Menstrual cyclicity significantly improved from baseline in Aslagh and Aslagh + metformin groups (P=0.02). Duration of menstrual bleeding was significantly higher in Aslagh group in the first and the second menstrual bleeding cycle compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). No significant change was observed in the volume of the bleeding after the intervention in any of the three groups. The occurrence of menstrual bleeding in Aslagh group was significantly (P=0.03) higher than the other two groups in the fourth month (drug-free period). Conclusion: Aslagh capsule showed beneficial effects similar to metformin in the treatment of oligomenorrhea in PCOS women and could be suggested for use as an alternative treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bahman
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajimehdipoor
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Bioos
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Afrakhteh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Tansaz
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence to: Mojgan Tansaz, Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Telephone Number: +98-2188773521 Email Address:
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17
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Gumushan Aktas H, Akgun T. Naringenin inhibits prostate cancer metastasis by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:770-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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18
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Zaim Ö, Doğanlar O, Zreigh MM, Doğanlar ZB, Özcan H. Synthesis, Cancer-Selective Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Some (±)-Naringenin Cycloaminoethyl Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800016. [PMID: 29766645 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin is a naturally occurring flavonoid and due to its broad spectrum of biological activities, including anticancer properties, has attracted scientific attention in recent years. To contribute to these studies, we synthesized some new (±)-naringenin cyclic aminoethyl derivatives, analyzed the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative properties of them via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and mitochondrial apoptosis signaling response and gene expressions belong to caspase-3 depended apoptosis as biomarkers in both healthy and cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that some of our naringenin derivatives are potential anticancer agents with a selective death potential and targeting properties for mitochondrial apoptosis signaling against at least human cervix and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Zaim
- Department of Chemistry, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Mohamed M Zreigh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zawia University, P.O. Box 16168, Zawia, Libya
| | - Zeynep Banu Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hafize Özcan
- Department of Chemistry, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
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19
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Fernández-Pomares C, Juárez-Aguilar E, Domínguez-Ortiz MÁ, Gallegos-Estudillo J, Herrera-Covarrubias D, Sánchez-Medina A, Aranda-Abreu GE, Manzo J, Hernández ME. Hydroalcoholic extract of the widely used Mexican plant Justicia spicigera Schltdl. exerts a cytostatic effect on LNCaP prostate cancer cells. J Herb Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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20
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Selvi EK, Turumtay H, Demir A, Turumtay EA. Phytochemical Profiling and Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Cuscuta Campestris by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1382502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Halbay Turumtay
- Department of Energy System Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Adem Demir
- Department of Chemistry, R.T.E. University, Rize, Turkey
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21
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Patil VM, Masand N. Anticancer Potential of Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Future Perspectives. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64179-3.00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Shankar E, Goel A, Gupta K, Gupta S. Plant flavone apigenin: An emerging anticancer agent. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:423-446. [PMID: 29399439 PMCID: PMC5791748 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research in cancer chemoprevention provides convincing evidence that increased intake of vegetables and fruits may reduce the risk of several human malignancies. Phytochemicals present therein provide beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that serve to improve the cellular microenvironment. Compounds known as flavonoids categorized anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavanones, flavonols, flavones, and isoflavones have shown considerable promise as chemopreventive agents. Apigenin (4', 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone), a major plant flavone, possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties affecting several molecular and cellular targets used to treat various human diseases. Epidemiologic and case-control studies have suggested apigenin reduces the risk of certain cancers. Studies demonstrate that apigenin retain potent therapeutic properties alone and/or increases the efficacy of several chemotherapeutic drugs in combination on a variety of human cancers. Apigenin's anticancer effects could also be due to its differential effects in causing minimal toxicity to normal cells with delayed plasma clearance and slow decomposition in liver increasing the systemic bioavailability in pharmacokinetic studies. Here we discuss the anticancer role of apigenin highlighting its potential activity as a chemopreventive and therapeutic agent. We also highlight the current caveats that preclude apigenin for its use in the human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswar Shankar
- Department of Urology, The James and Eilleen Dicke Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aditi Goel
- Department of Biology, School of Undergraduate Studies, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Karishma Gupta
- Department of Urology, The James and Eilleen Dicke Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, The James and Eilleen Dicke Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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23
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Targeting Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091978. [PMID: 28914774 PMCID: PMC5618627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large family of chaperones that are involved in protein folding and maturation of a variety of "client" proteins protecting them from degradation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and thermal stress. Hence, they are significant regulators of cellular proliferation, differentiation and strongly implicated in the molecular orchestration of cancer development and progression as many of their clients are well established oncoproteins in multiple tumor types. Interestingly, tumor cells are more HSP chaperonage-dependent than normal cells for proliferation and survival because the oncoproteins in cancer cells are often misfolded and require augmented chaperonage activity for correction. This led to the development of several inhibitors of HSP90 and other HSPs that have shown promise both preclinically and clinically in the treatment of cancer. In this article, we comprehensively review the roles of some of the important HSPs in cancer, and how targeting them could be efficacious, especially when traditional cancer therapies fail.
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24
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Phan MAT, Paterson J, Bucknall M, Arcot J. Interactions between phytochemicals from fruits and vegetables: Effects on bioactivities and bioavailability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1310-1329. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1254595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Anh Thu Phan
- Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janet Paterson
- Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Martin Bucknall
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jayashree Arcot
- Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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25
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Tummala R, Lou W, Gao AC, Nadiminty N. Quercetin Targets hnRNPA1 to Overcome Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2770-2779. [PMID: 28729398 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains dependent on androgen receptor signaling even after castration. Aberrant androgen receptor signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer is mediated by mechanisms such as alterations in the androgen receptor and activation of interacting signaling pathways. Clinical evidence confirms that resistance to the next-generation antiandrogen, enzalutamide, may be mediated to a large extent by alternative splicing of the androgen receptor to generate constitutively active splice variants such as AR-V7. The splice variants AR-V7 and ARv567es have been implicated in the resistance to not only enzalutamide, but also to abiraterone and other conventional therapeutics such as taxanes. Numerous studies, including ours, suggest that splicing factors such as hnRNPA1 promote the generation of AR-V7, thus contributing to enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we discovered that quercetin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, reduces the expression of hnRNPA1, and consequently, that of AR-V7. The suppression of AR-V7 by quercetin resensitizes enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells to treatment with enzalutamide. Our results indicate that quercetin downregulates hnRNPA1 expression, downregulates the expression of AR-V7, antagonizes androgen receptor signaling, and resensitizes enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells to enzalutamide treatment in vivo in mouse xenografts. These findings demonstrate that suppressing the alternative splicing of the androgen receptor may have important implications in overcoming the resistance to next-generation antiandrogen therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2770-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakumar Tummala
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Wei Lou
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Nagalakshmi Nadiminty
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.
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26
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Zhang Q, Cheng G, Qiu H, Wang Y, Wang J, Xu H, Zhang T, Liu L, Tao Y, Ren Z. Expression of prostate stem cell antigen is downregulated during flavonoid-induced cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1795-1801. [PMID: 28810652 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is expressed in the majority of prostate cancer cases and may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of prostate cancer. The present study evaluated the cytotoxicity of three flavonoids (genistein, luteolin and quercetin) towards DU145 prostate cancer cells, and investigated the effect of these flavonoids on PSCA expression. The results demonstrated that genistein, luteolin and quercetin inhibited the growth of DU145 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05) and induced morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis in DU145 cells. Flow cytometry analysis also indicated that the flavonoids induced S phase cycle arrest in DU145 cells. Notably, it was observed that expression of PSCA was inhibited at the mRNA (P<0.05) and protein levels in DU145 cells following flavonoid treatment compared with the control. These results suggest that flavonoids may be potential therapeutic agents in the treatment and prevention of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Guangdong Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Yuexin Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacological Science, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjuan Ren
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
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27
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Ali F, Rahul, Naz F, Jyoti S, Siddique YH. Health functionality of apigenin: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1207188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Wu Y, Doering JA, Ma Z, Tang S, Liu H, Zhang X, Wang X, Yu H. Identification of androgen receptor antagonists: In vitro investigation and classification methodology for flavonoid. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 158:72-79. [PMID: 27258897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A tremendous gap exists between the number of potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) possibly in the environment and the limitation of traditional regulatory testing. In this study, the anti-androgenic potencies of 21 flavonoids were analyzed in vitro, and another 32 flavonoids from the literature were selected as additional chemicals. Molecular dynamic simulations were employed to obtain four different separation approaches based on the different behaviors of ligands and receptors during the process of interaction. Specifically, ligand-receptor complex which highlighted the discriminating features of ligand escape or retention via "mousetrap" mechanism, hydrogen bonds formed during simulation times, ligand stability and the stability of the helix-12 of the receptor were investigated. Together, a methodology was generated that 87.5% of flavonoids could be discriminated as active versus inactive antagonists, and over 90% inactive antagonists could be filtered out before QSAR study. This methodology could be used as a "proof of concept" to identify inactive anti-androgenic flavonoids, as well could be beneficial for rapid risk assessment and regulation of multiple new chemicals for androgenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jon A Doering
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Song Tang
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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29
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Guan X, Gao M, Xu H, Zhang C, Liu H, Lv L, Deng S, Gao D, Tian Y. Quercetin-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate nanoparticles for the targeted treatment of liver cancer. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3307-3318. [DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1176087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China and
| | - Meng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China and
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenghong Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China and
| | - Li Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China and
| | - Sa Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China and
| | - Dongyan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China and
| | - Yan Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China and
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30
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Abstract
This review is to describe synergistic effects of various combinations of dietary natural products including curcumin, quercetin, soybean isoflavones, silibinin, and EGCG that have potential for the treatment of prostate cancer. These data can provide valuable insights into the future rational design and development of synergistic and/or hybrid agents for potential treatment of prostate cancer.
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31
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Teles YCF, Horta CCR, Agra MDF, Siheri W, Boyd M, Igoli JO, Gray AI, de Souza MDFV. New Sulphated Flavonoids from Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl (Malvaceae). Molecules 2015; 20:20161-72. [PMID: 26569200 PMCID: PMC6332353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl (Malvaceae) is commonly used in Brazil to treat bee stings and as an antiseptic. The antioxidant properties of its extracts have been previously demonstrated, thus justifying a phytochemical investigation for its bioactive phenolic constituents. This has yielded five new sulphated flavonoids: 8-O-sulphate isoscutellarein (yannin) (1a); 4′-O-methyl-7-O-sulphate isoscutellarein (beltraonin) (1b); 7-O-sulphate acacetin (wissadulin) (2a); 4′-O-methyl-8-O-sulphate isoscutellarein (caicoine) (2b) and 3′-O-methyl-8-O-sulphate hypolaetin (pedroin) (3b) along with the known flavonoids 7,4′-di-O-methyl-8-O-sulphate isoscutellarein (4), acacetin, apigenin, isoscutellarein, 4′-O-methyl isoscutellarein, 7,4′-di-O-methylisoscutellarein, astragalin and tiliroside. The compounds were isolated by column chromatography and identified by NMR (1H, 13C, HMQC, HMBC and COSY) and LC-HRMS. A cell based assay was carried out to evaluate the preliminary cytotoxic properties of the flavonoids against UVW glioma and PC-3M prostate cancer cells as well as non-tumour cell lines. The obtained results showed that acacetin, tiliroside, a mixture of acacetin + apigenin and the sulphated flavonoids 2a + 2b exhibited inhibitory activity against at least one of the cell lines tested. Among the tested flavonoids acacetin and tiliroside showed lower IC50 values, presenting promising antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna C F Teles
- Post-Graduation Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria de Fátima Agra
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Weam Siheri
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, UK.
| | - Marie Boyd
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, UK.
| | - John O Igoli
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, UK.
| | - Alexander I Gray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, UK.
| | - Maria de Fátima Vanderlei de Souza
- Post-Graduation Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
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32
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Abstract
Dietary-derived agents, such as the flavonoids, are of particular interest for prostate cancer (PCa) chemoprevention as they may offer a favourable safety and side-effect profile. An agent that demonstrates action on the androgen receptor (AR) axis may have value for preventing or treating castrate-resistant PCa. Four main flavonols - quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, and fisetin - have been demonstrated in laboratory studies to have chemopreventive action in both castrate-resistant and castrate-sensitive PCa models. Mechanisms of flavonol action on the AR axis in PCa have been proposed to be inhibition of the 5α-reductase enzymes, direct androgen competition, suppression of the AR complex and transactivation by coregulators such as c-Jun, Sp1, and the PI3K/Akt pathway. It is, however, still unclear with current levels of evidence whether AR axis-mediated effects can fully account for the flavonols' chemopreventive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Boam
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, L7 8XP, UK
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Zhou Y, Lu N, Qiao C, Ni T, Li Z, Yu B, Guo Q, Wei L. FV-429 induces apoptosis and inhibits glycolysis by inhibiting Akt-mediated phosphorylation of hexokinase II in MDA-MB-231 cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1317-28. [PMID: 26258875 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the anticancer effect of a newly synthesized flavonoid FV-429, against human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. FV-429 triggered the apoptosis and simultaneously inhibited the glycolysis of MDA-MB-231 cells. Both the HK II activity and its level in mitochondria were significantly down regulated by FV-429. Moreover, FV-429 weakened the interaction between HKII and VDAC, stimulated the detachment of HK II from the mitochondria, and resulted in the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores. Thus FV-429 induced the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, showing increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and activation of caspase-3 and -9, cytochrome c (Cyt c) release, and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) transposition. Further research revealed that the phosphorylation of mitochondrial HKII via Akt was responsible for the dissociation of HKII and the decreased HKII activity induced by FV-429. Taken together, FV-429 inhibited the phosphorylation of HKII, down-regulated its activity, and stimulated the release of HKII from the mitochondria, resulting the inhibited glycolysis and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. The studies provide a molecular basis for the development of flavonoid compounds as novel anticancer agents for breast cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chen Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ting Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 639# Long Mian Avenue, Nan Jing, P.R. China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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YANG FEIYA, SONG LIMING, WANG HUIPING, WANG JUN, XU ZHIQING, XING NIANZENG. Quercetin in prostate cancer: Chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive effects, mechanisms and clinical application potential (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2659-68. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Pan YG, Li YX, Yuan MQ. Isolation, purification and identification of etiolation substrate from fresh-cut Chinese water-chestnut (Eleocharis tuberosa). Food Chem 2015; 186:119-22. [PMID: 25976800 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fresh cut Chinese water-chestnut is a popular ready-to-eat fresh-cut fruit in China. However, it is prone to etiolation and the chemicals responsible for this process are not known yet. To address this problem, we extracted phytochemicals from etiolated Chinese water-chestnut and separated them using MPLC and column chromatography. Four compounds were obtained and their structures were determined by interpretation of UV, TLC, HPLC and NMR spectral data and by comparison with reported data. We identified these compounds as eriodictyol, naringenin, sucrose and ethyl D-glucoside. Among those, eriodictyol and naringenin were both isolated for the first time in fresh-cut Chinese water-chestnut and are responsible for the yellowing of this fruit cutting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gui Pan
- College of Food Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| | - Yi-Xiao Li
- College of Food Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Meng-Qi Yuan
- College of Food Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
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Hong Z, Cao X, Li N, Zhang Y, Lan L, Zhou Y, Pan X, Shen L, Yin Z, Luo L. Luteolin is effective in the non-small cell lung cancer model with L858R/T790M EGF receptor mutation and erlotinib resistance. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2842-53. [PMID: 24471765 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in the world. Small-molecule inhibitors of the EGF receptor's tyrosine kinase domain (TKIs), including gefitinib and erlotinib, have been widely used for treating NSCLC. Unfortunately, nearly all patients after initially experiencing a marked improvement while on these drugs, eventually progress to acquire resistance to TKIs. Because there is no effective therapeutic strategy to treat TKI-resistant NSCLC, we evaluated the effects of luteolin, a naturally occurring flavanoid, on T790M mutant NSCLC cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of luteolin on the viability of NSCLC and normal cell lines was investigated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Luteolin-induced apoptosis was assessed by bivariate FITC-annexin V/PI assay, and Western blots were used to measured apoptotic proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to determine the effect of luteolin on the interaction between Hsp90 and mutant EGF receptors. The effect of luteolin on the Akt/mTOR pathway was studied using Western blotting analysis. Its anti-tumour efficacy in vivo was examined in a mouse xenograft model. KEY RESULTS Luteolin exerted significant anti-tumourigenic effects on the EGF receptor L858R/T790M mutation and erlotinib-resistant NSCLC both at the cellular and animal levels. Mechanistically, luteolin induced degradation of the EGF receptor by inhibiting the association of Hsp90 with the mutant EGF receptor, and, therefore, prevented PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling, which resulted in NSCLC cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Luteolin may be a potential candidate for NSCLC therapy, especially for treatment of patients with acquired erlotinib-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Sak K. Cytotoxicity of dietary flavonoids on different human cancer types. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:122-46. [PMID: 25125885 PMCID: PMC4127821 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.134247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are ubiquitous in nature. They are also in food, providing an essential link between diet and prevention of chronic diseases including cancer. Anticancer effects of these polyphenols depend on several factors: Their chemical structure and concentration, and also on the type of cancer. Malignant cells from different tissues reveal somewhat different sensitivity toward flavonoids and, therefore, the preferences of the most common dietary flavonoids to various human cancer types are analyzed in this review. While luteolin and kaempferol can be considered as promising candidate agents for treatment of gastric and ovarian cancers, respectively, apigenin, chrysin, and luteolin have good perspectives as potent antitumor agents for cervical cancer; cells from main sites of flavonoid metabolism (colon and liver) reveal rather large fluctuations in anticancer activity probably due to exposure to various metabolites with different activities. Anticancer effect of flavonoids toward blood cancer cells depend on their myeloid, lymphoid, or erythroid origin; cytotoxic effects of flavonoids on breast and prostate cancer cells are highly related to the expression of hormone receptors. Different flavonoids are often preferentially present in certain food items, and knowledge about the malignant tissue-specific anticancer effects of flavonoids could be purposely applied both in chemoprevention as well as in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Non Government Organization Praeventio, Tartu, Estonia
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Kaempferol, a potential cytostatic and cure for inflammatory disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:103-12. [PMID: 25147152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) is a flavonoid found in many edible plants (e.g., tea, broccoli, cabbage, kale, beans, endive, leek, tomato, strawberries, and grapes) and in plants or botanical products commonly used in traditional medicine (e.g., Ginkgo biloba, Tilia spp, Equisetum spp, Moringa oleifera, Sophora japonica and propolis). Its anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory effects have been demonstrated in various disease models, including those for encephalomyelitis, diabetes, asthma, and carcinogenesis. Moreover, kaempferol act as a scavenger of free radicals and superoxide radicals as well as preserve the activity of various anti-oxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase. The anticancer effect of this flavonoid is mediated through different modes of action, including anti-proliferation, apoptosis induction, cell-cycle arrest, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and anti-metastasis/anti-angiogenesis activities. In addition, kaempferol was found to exhibit its anticancer activity through the modulation of multiple molecular targets including p53 and STAT3, through the activation of caspases, and through the generation of ROS. The anti-tumor effects of kaempferol have also been investigated in tumor-bearing mice. The combination of kaempferol and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs produces a greater therapeutic effect than the latter, as well as reduces the toxicity of the latter. In this review, we summarize the anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of kaempferol with a focus on its molecular targets and the possible use of this flavonoid for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Forbes AM, Lin H, Meadows GG, Meier GP. Synthesis and anticancer activity of new flavonoid analogs and inconsistencies in assays related to proliferation and viability measurements. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:831-42. [PMID: 24859601 PMCID: PMC4091967 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been studied intensely for their ability to act as anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-aging agents and are often marketed as supplements related to their anti-inflammatory activity. Previous studies have primarily focused on the effects of polar natural flavonoids. We examined the activity of novel hydrophobic and lipophilic flavonols against human DU-145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. All flavonol analogs were more active than the naturally occurring flavonols quercetin, kaempferol, kaempferide and galangin. The most potent analogs were 6.5-fold more active against DU-145 and PC-3 cells than quercetin and fell within the biologically relevant concentration range (low micromolar). We also evaluated the potential toxic effects of flavonol analogs on normal cells, an assessment that has frequently been ignored when studying the anticancer effects of flavonoids. During these analyses, we discovered that various metabolic and DNA staining assays were unreliable methods for assessing cell viability of flavonoids. Flavonoids reduce colorimetric dyes such as MTT and Alamar Blue in the absence of cells. We showed that flavonol-treated prostate cancer cells were stained less intensely with crystal violet than untreated cells at non-toxic concentrations. The trypan blue exclusion assay was selected as a reliable alternative for measuring cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina M Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Huimin Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Gary G Meadows
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - G Patrick Meier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
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Abstract
Food-derived flavonoid quercetin, widely distributed in onions, apples, and tea, is able to inhibit growth of various cancer cells indicating that this compound can be considered as a good candidate for anticancer therapy. Although the exact mechanism of this action is not thoroughly understood, behaving as antioxidant and/or prooxidant as well as modulating different intracellular signalling cascades may all play a certain role. Such inhibitory activity of quercetin has been shown to depend first of all on cell lines and cancer types; however, no comprehensive site-specific analysis of this effect has been published. In this review article, cytotoxicity constants of quercetin measured in various human malignant cell lines of different origin were compiled from literature and a clear cancer selective action was demonstrated. The most sensitive malignant sites for quercetin revealed to be cancers of blood, brain, lung, uterine, and salivary gland as well as melanoma whereas cytotoxic activity was higher in more aggressive cells compared to the slowly growing cells showing that the most harmful cells for the organism are probably targeted. More research is needed to overcome the issues of poor water solubility and relatively low bioavailability of quercetin as the major obstacles limiting its clinical use.
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41
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Kim TH, Kim GD, Ahn HJ, Cho JJ, Park YS, Park CS. The inhibitory effect of naringenin on atopic dermatitis induced by DNFB in NC/Nga mice. Life Sci 2013; 93:516-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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42
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Li J, Sun H, Jin L, Cao W, Zhang J, Guo CY, Ding K, Luo C, Ye WC, Jiang RW. Alleviation of podophyllotoxin toxicity using coexisting flavonoids from Dysosma versipellis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72099. [PMID: 23991049 PMCID: PMC3749096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (POD) is a lignan-type toxin existing in many herbs used in folk medicine. Until now, no effective strategy is available for the management of POD intoxication. This study aims to determine the protective effects of flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol) on POD-induced toxicity. In Vero cells, both flavonoids protected POD-induced cytotoxicity by recovering alleviating G2/M arrest, decreasing ROS generation and changes of membrane potential, and recovering microtubule structure. In Swiss mice, the group given both POD and flavonoids group had significantly lower mortality rate and showed less damages in the liver and kidney than the group given POD alone. As compared to the POD group, the POD plus flavonoids group exhibited decreases in plasma transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, plasma urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde levels, and increases in superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels. Histological examination of the liver and kidney showed less pathological changes in the treatment of POD plus flavonoids group. The protective mechanisms were due to the antioxidant activity of flavonoids against the oxidative stress induced by POD and the competitive binding of flavonoids against POD for the same colchicines-binding sites. The latter binding was confirmed by the tubulin assembly assay in combination with molecular docking analyses. In conclusion, this study for the first time demonstrated that the coexisting flavonoids have great protective effects against the POD toxicity, and results of this study highlighted the great potential of searching for effective antidotes against toxins based on the pharmacological clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong-Yi Guo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang TT, Wang SK, Huang GL, Sun GJ. Luteolin induced-growth inhibition and apoptosis of human esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line Eca109 cells in vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:5455-61. [PMID: 23317200 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.11.5455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is a plant flavonoid which exhibits anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. However, the antiproliferative potential of luteolin is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of luteolin on cell cycling and apoptosis in human esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line Eca109 cells. MTT assays showed that luteolin had obvious cytotoxicity on Eca109 with an IC50 of 70.7±1.72 μM at 24 h. Luteolin arrested cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase and prevented entry into S phase in a dose- and time-dependent manner. as assessed by FCM. Luteolin induced apoptosis of Eca109 cells was demonstrated by AO/EB staining assay and annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Moreover, luteolin downregulated the expression of cyclin D1, survivin and c-myc, and it also upregulated the expression of p53, in line with the fact that luteolin was able to inhibit Eca109 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Park SH, Park HS, Lee JH, Chi GY, Kim GY, Moon SK, Chang YC, Hyun JW, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis and non-canonical autophagy by luteolin in NCI-H460 lung carcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 56:100-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Naringenin (citrus flavonone) induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 19:763-70. [PMID: 23661153 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Search for new substances with antiproliferative activity and apoptosis inducing potential towards HepG2 cells is important since HCC is notoriously resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Dietary phytochemicals with significant anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing potential are considered as agents promising for cancer therapy. Naringenin, a common dietary flavonoid abundantly present in fruits and vegetables, is believed to possess strong cytotoxic activity in numerous types of cancer cells. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of its antiproliferative effects and apoptosis induction are still unclear. In this study, we investigated antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effect of naringenin in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Naringenin was shown to inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells resulted partly from an accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Naringenin induced a rapid accumulation of p53, which might account for the naringenin-induced G0/G1 and G2/M phase arrests in Hep G2 cells. In addition, naringenin have been shown to induce apoptosis as evidenced by nuclei damage and increased proportion of apoptotic cells detected by flow cytometry analysis. Naringenin triggered the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway as shown by an increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, subsequent release of cytochrome C, and sequential activation of caspase-3. Our results showed that naringenin had inhibitory effect on the growth of HepG2 cell line through inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis induction. The elucidation of the drug targets of naringenin on inhibition of tumor cells growth should enable further development of naringenin for liver cancer therapy.
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McConnell JR, McAlpine SR. Heat shock proteins 27, 40, and 70 as combinational and dual therapeutic cancer targets. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1923-8. [PMID: 23453837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock proteins are essential players in the development of cancer and they are prime therapeutic targets. Targeting multiple hsps in dual therapies decreases the likelihood of drug resistance compared to utilizing mono-therapies. Further, employing an hsp inhibitor in combination with another therapy has proven clinically successful. Examples of efficacious strategies include the inhibition of hsp27, which prevents protein aggregation, controlling hsp40's role as an ATPase modulator, and inhibiting hsp70 from acting as a molecular chaperone. While hsp40 therapies are just in the beginning stages, hsp27 and hsp70 therapies have been successfully used in dual inhibition treatments with hsp90 inhibitors and in combinational therapy with antineoplastic drugs. Both dual and combinatorial therapies show encouraging results when used in treating chemotherapeutically resistant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette R McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Tebrophen--an old polyphenol drug with anticancer potential. Molecules 2012; 17:7864-86. [PMID: 22743590 PMCID: PMC6268439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17077864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro high-throughput screening was carried out in order to detect new activities for old drugs and to select compounds for the drug development process comprising new indications. Tebrophen, a known antiviral drug, was found to inhibit activities on inflammation and cancer related targets. In primary screening this semisynthetic halogenated polyphenol was identified to inhibit the activities of kinases ZAP-70 and Lck (IC50 0.34 µM and 16 µM, respectively), as well as hydrolase DPPIV (at 80 µM 41% inhibition). Next, it showed no cytotoxic effects on standard cell lines within 24 h. However, tebrophen slowed propagation of breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), osteosarcoma (U2OS) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa), through at least 35 population doublings in a dose-dependent manner. It completely stopped the division of the prostate cancer (PC3) cell line at 50 µM concentration and the cells entered massive cell death in less than 20 days. On the other hand, tebrophen did not influence the growth of normal fibroblasts. According to the measured oxidative burst and estimated in silico parameters its direct antioxidative ability is limited. The obtained results indicate that tebrophen can be considered a promising lead molecule for generating more soluble derivatives with specific anticancer efficacy.
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Quercetin increased the antiproliferative activity of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in prostate cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:580-7. [PMID: 22452782 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.661514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that 50% of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was present in methylated form (4″-MeEGCG) in human prostate tissue, which is less bioactive. We therefore investigated whether quercetin, a natural inhibitor of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), will inhibit EGCG methylation leading to enhanced antiproliferative activity of EGCG in prostate cancer cells. Incubation with both quercetin and EGCG for 2 h increased the cellular concentrations of EGCG by 4- to 8-fold and 6- to 10-fold in androgen-independent PC-3 cells and androgen-dependent LNCaP cells, respectively. Concurrently, the percent of 4″-MeEGCG in the total EGCG was decreased from 39% to 15% in PC-3 cells and from 61% to 38% in LNCaP cells. Quercetin and EGCG in combination synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest, and induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. In LNCaP cells, EGCG and quercetin exhibited a stronger antiproliferative activity leading to an additive effect. The synergistic effect of these 2 agents in PC-3 cells could be based on the fact that EGCG primarily inhibited COMT activity, whereas quercetin reduced the amount of COMT protein. In summary, quercetin combined with EGCG in vitro demonstrated enhanced inhibition of cell proliferation by increasing the intracellular concentration of EGCG and decreasing EGCG methylation.
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49
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Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Menichini F, Bonesi M, Colica C, Menichini F. In vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Extracts and Isolated Constituents of Salvia leriifoliaBenth. against a Panel of Human Cancer Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1152-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Chahar MK, Sharma N, Dobhal MP, Joshi YC. Flavonoids: A versatile source of anticancer drugs. Pharmacogn Rev 2011; 5:1-12. [PMID: 22096313 PMCID: PMC3210013 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.79093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An exponential increase in the number of studies investigating how different components of the diet interact at the molecular and cellular level to determine the fate of a cell has been witnessed. In search for anticancer drugs compelling data from laboratories, epidemiologic investigations, and human clinical trials showed that flavonoids have important effects on cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. In many molecular mechanisms of action for prevention against cancer, flavonoids play a major role by interacting between different types of genes and enzymes. Many mechanisms of action have been identified, including carcinogen inactivation, antiproliferation, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, antioxidation, and reversal of multidrug resistance or a combination of these mechanisms. This review focuses on the anticancer activity of flavonoids as well as their molecular mechanisms, including the treatment of mammary and prostate cancer. This review also highlights some advanced derivatives of flavonoids, which play an important role against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheep K. Chahar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neelu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mahabeer P. Dobhal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yogesh C. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, Rajasthan, India
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