1
|
Mohajeri S, Amsden BG. In Vivo Degradation Mechanism and Biocompatibility of a Biodegradable Aliphatic Polycarbonate: Poly(Trimethylene Carbonate- co-5-Hydroxy Trimethylene Carbonate). ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3686-3696. [PMID: 35014453 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A recently developed viscous liquid aliphatic polycarbonate, poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-5-hydroxy trimethylene carbonate), has advantageous properties for the delivery of acid-sensitive drugs such as proteins and peptides. This copolymer degrades in vitro via an alkaline-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization reaction yielding oligo (trimethylene carbonate), glycerol, and carbon dioxide, but its in vivo degradation mechanisms are presently unknown. The in vivo degradation mechanism and tissue response to this copolymer were investigated following subcutaneous implantation in Wistar rats. The molecular weight and composition of the copolymer varied in the same manner following subcutaneous implantation as observed in vitro. These findings suggest that the copolymer also degraded in vivo principally via intramolecular cyclization. The tissue response in terms of the inflammatory zone cell density, fibrous capsule thickness, and macrophage response was intermediate to that of two clinically used biodegradable sutures, Vicryl and Monocryl, indicating that the copolymer can be considered biotolerable. Collectively, the data show that further development of this copolymer as a drug delivery material is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mohajeri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.,Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Brian G Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.,Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohajeri S, Chen F, de Prinse M, Phung T, Burke-Kleinman J, Maurice DH, Amsden BG. Liquid Degradable Poly(trimethylene-carbonate-co-5-hydroxy-trimethylene carbonate): An Injectable Drug Delivery Vehicle for Acid-Sensitive Drugs. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1363-1376. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mohajeri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mitchell de Prinse
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Ta Phung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Jonah Burke-Kleinman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Donald H. Maurice
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brian G. Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Novel in situ mucoadhesive gels based on Pluronic F127 and xyloglucan containing metronidazole for treatment of periodontal disease. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-017-0569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Hau H, Rohanizadeh R, Ghadiri M, Chrzanowski W. A mini-review on novel intraperiodontal pocket drug delivery materials for the treatment of periodontal diseases. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 4:295-301. [PMID: 25786883 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is defined as chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the destruction of the periodontal tissues causing loss of connective tissue attachment, loss of alveolar bone, and the formation of pathological pockets around the diseased teeth. The use of systemic antibiotics has been advocated for its treatment, but concerns emerged with respect to adverse drug reactions and its contribution to bacterial resistance. Thus local drug delivery devices have been developed that aim to deliver a high concentration of antimicrobial drugs directly to the affected site, while minimizing drug's systemic exposure. A burst release of antimicrobial agent from carrier, resulting in a short and inadequate exposure of bacteria residing in periodontal pocket to the agent, remains the main challenge of current local delivery systems for the treatment of periodontal disease. This review aims to investigate and compare different local antimicrobial delivery systems with regard to the treatment of periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Do MP, Neut C, Delcourt E, Seixas Certo T, Siepmann J, Siepmann F. In situ forming implants for periodontitis treatment with improved adhesive properties. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:342-50. [PMID: 24833006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel in situ forming implants are presented showing a promising potential to overcome one of the major practical hurdles associated with local periodontitis treatment: limited adhesion to the surrounding tissue, resulting in accidental expulsion of at least parts of the implants from the patients' pockets. This leads to high uncertainties in the systems' residence times at the site of action and in the resulting drug exposure. In the present study, the addition of different types and amounts of plasticizers (acetyltributyl citrate and dibutyl sebacate) as well as of adhesive polymers (e.g., cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) is shown to allow for a significant increase in the stickiness of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based implants. The systems are formed in situ from N-methyl pyrrolidone-based liquid formulations. Importantly, at the same time, good plastic deformability of the implants can be provided and desired drug release patterns can be fine-tuned using several formulation tools. The antimicrobial activity of this new type of in situ forming implants, loaded with doxycycline hyclate, was demonstrated using the agar well diffusion method and multiple Streptococcus strains isolated from the oral microflora of patients suffering from periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Do
- University of Lille, College of Pharmacy, Lille, France; INSERM U 1008, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Lille, France
| | - C Neut
- University of Lille, College of Pharmacy, Lille, France; INSERM U 995, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Lille, France
| | - E Delcourt
- INSERM U 1008, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Lille, France; University of Lille, School of Dentistry, Lille, France
| | - T Seixas Certo
- University of Lille, College of Pharmacy, Lille, France; INSERM U 1008, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Lille, France
| | - J Siepmann
- University of Lille, College of Pharmacy, Lille, France; INSERM U 1008, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Lille, France
| | - F Siepmann
- University of Lille, College of Pharmacy, Lille, France; INSERM U 1008, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dabhi MR, Sheth NR. Optimization of Novel Mucoadhesive In Situ Film Forming Periodontal Drug Delivery System for Chemotherapeutic Agents. J Pharm Innov 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-014-9175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Dabhi MR, Sheth NR. Formulation development of physiological environment responsive periodontal drug delivery system for local delviery of metronidazole benzoate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:425-36. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.662505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
8
|
Babasola OI, Amsden BG. Surface Eroding, Liquid Injectable Polymers Based on 5-Ethylene Ketal ε-Caprolactone. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3423-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oladunni Iyabo Babasola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Brian G. Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Álvarez AL, Espinar FO, Méndez JB. The Application of Microencapsulation Techniques in the Treatment of Endodontic and Periodontal Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2011; 3:538-71. [PMID: 24310596 PMCID: PMC3857082 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics3030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of intracanal and periodontal infections, the local application of antibiotics and other therapeutic agents in the root canal or in periodontal pockets may be a promising approach to achieve sustained drug release, high antimicrobial activity and low systemic side effects. Microparticles made from biodegradable polymers have been reported to be an effective means of delivering antibacterial drugs in endodontic and periodontal therapy. The aim of this review article is to assess recent therapeutic strategies in which biocompatible microparticles are used for effective management of periodontal and endodontic diseases. In vitro and in vivo studies that have investigated the biocompatibility or efficacy of certain microparticle formulations and devices are presented. Future directions in the application of microencapsulation techniques in endodontic and periodontal therapies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asteria Luzardo Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Francisco Otero Espinar
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - José Blanco Méndez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; E-Mail:
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dabhi MR, Nagori SA, Gohel MC, Parikh RK, Sheth NR. Formulation development of smart gel periodontal drug delivery system for local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents with application of experimental design. Drug Deliv 2010; 17:520-31. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2010.490247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
11
|
Amsden BG. Liquid, Injectable, Hydrophobic and Biodegradable Polymers as Drug Delivery Vehicles. Macromol Biosci 2010; 10:825-35. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
12
|
Maheen G, Tian G, Song Z, He C, Shi Z, Liu Z, Yuan H, Feng S. A novel synthetic route to synthesize 2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]-undecane from formaldehyde under hydrothermal conditions. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
13
|
Luginbuehl V, Ruffieux K, Hess C, Reichardt D, von Rechenberg B, Nuss K. Controlled release of tetracycline from biodegradable β-tricalcium phosphate composites. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 92:341-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Wolfgang GHI, Shibata R, Wang J, Ray AS, Wu S, Doerrfler E, Reiser H, Lee WA, Birkus G, Christensen ND, Andrei G, Snoeck R. GS-9191 is a novel topical prodrug of the nucleotide analog 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)guanine with antiproliferative activity and possible utility in the treatment of human papillomavirus lesions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:2777-84. [PMID: 19398642 PMCID: PMC2704673 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00103-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
GS-9191 is a novel double prodrug of the nucleotide analog 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)guanine (PMEG) designed as a topical agent to permeate skin and be metabolized to the active nucleoside triphosphate analog in the epithelial layer. The prodrug was shown to be metabolized intracellularly to 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-N(6)-cyclopropyl-2,6,diaminopurine (cPrPMEDAP) and subsequently deaminated to PMEG. The active form, PMEG diphosphate, was shown to be a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha and beta while showing weaker activity against mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (50% enzyme inhibition observed at 2.5, 1.6, and 59.4 microM, respectively). GS-9191 was markedly more potent than PMEG or cPrPMEDAP in a series of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cell lines, with effective concentrations to inhibit 50% cell growth (EC(50)) as low as 0.03, 207, and 284 nM, respectively. In contrast, GS-9191 was generally less potent in non-HPV-infected cells and primary cells (EC(50)s between 1 and 15 nM). DNA synthesis was inhibited by GS-9191 within 24 h of treatment; cells were observed to be arrested in S phase by 48 h and to subsequently undergo apoptosis (between 3 and 7 days). In an animal model (cottontail rabbit papillomavirus), topical GS-9191 was shown to decrease the size of papillomas in a dose-related manner. At the highest dose (0.1%), cures were evident at the end of 5 weeks, and lesions did not recur in a 30-day follow-up period. These data suggest that GS-9191 may have utility in the treatment of HPV-induced lesions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Z, Feng X, Mao J, Xiao J, Liu C, Qiu J. In vitro cytotoxicity of a novel injectable and biodegradable alveolar bone substitute. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 379:557-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
16
|
Eilers M, Roy U, Mondal D. MRP (ABCC) transporters-mediated efflux of anti-HIV drugs, saquinavir and zidovudine, from human endothelial cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:1149-60. [PMID: 18535159 DOI: 10.3181/0802-rm-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The constituents of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) include HIV-1 protease inhibitors (HPIs) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Endothelial cell (EC) barriers, especially the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) suppresses the entry of HAART drugs to subendothelial HIV-1 reservoirs. The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter family members, multidrug resistant-1 (MDR-1) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) can efflux both HPIs and NRTIs from intracellular compartments. Using brain derived ECs from non-human sources, previous studies suggested a dominant role for MDR-1 in HAART efflux from the BBB. However, due to species variations in ABC-transporter expression, drug-efflux functions using human brain ECs need to be investigated. Furthermore, roles of ABC-transporters in drug-efflux from systemic EC barriers need to be studied. We monitored the expression of ABC-transporters in primary human ECs obtained from brain (HBMVECs), aorta (HAECs), pulmonary-artery (HPAECs), dermal-microvessel (HDMVECs) and umbilical vein (HUVECs). Gene expression for MDR-1 and MRPs (MRP-1 to MRP-5) were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Drug efflux functions were determined by calcein retention assays. Intracellular accumulation of both 3H-saquinavir (an HPI) and 3H-zidovudine (an NRTI) were also monitored in HAECs and HBMVECs. Both assays were carried out in presence of verapamil (20-60 microM) or MK-571 (12.5-50 microM) inhibitors of MDR-1 and MRPs, respectively in presence of verapamil or MK-571. The HBMVECs expressed higher levels of MRPs than MDR-1 and only MK-571 significantly (P<0.01) suppressed calcein efflux from these cells. However, both HAECs and HPAECs showed MDR-1 and MRP expression and calcein efflux was inhibited by both verapamil and MK-571. Both inhibitors suppressed 3H-saqubinavir efflux from HAECs, but only MK-571 suppressed saquinavir efflux from HBMVECs. In both ECs, 3H-zidovudine efflux was only suppressed by MK-571. Thus, primary human ECs, especially brain derived ECs, predominantly express MRPs and their specific inhibition may enhance HAART efficacy in subendothelial HIV-1 reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Eilers
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-83, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reichel V, Masereeuw R, van den Heuvel JJMW, Miller DS, Fricker G. Transport of a fluorescent cAMP analog in teleost proximal tubules. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R2382-9. [PMID: 17855498 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00029.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) renal proximal tubules express a luminal membrane transporter that is functionally and immunologically analogous to the mammalian multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 2 (Mrp2, ABCC2). Here we used confocal microscopy to investigate in killifish tubules the transport of a fluorescent cAMP analog (fluo-cAMP), a putative substrate for Mrp2 and Mrp4 (ABCC4). Steady-state luminal accumulation of fluo-cAMP was concentrative, specific, and metabolism-dependent, but not reduced by high K+ medium or ouabain. Transport was not affected by p-aminohippurate (organic anion transporter inhibitor) or p-glycoprotein inhibitor (PSC833), but cell-to-lumen transport was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by Mrp inhibitor MK571, leukotriene C4 (LTC4), azidothymidine (AZT), cAMP, and adefovir; the latter two compounds are Mrp4 substrates. Although MK571 and LTC4 reduced transport of the Mrp2 substrate fluorescein-methotrexate (FL-MTX), neither cAMP, adefovir, nor AZT affected FL-MTX transport. Fluo-cAMP transport was not reduced when tubules were exposed to endothelin-1, Na nitroprusside (an nitric oxide generator) or phorbol ester (PKC activator), all of which signal substantial reductions in cell-to-lumen FL-MTX transport. Fluo-cAMP transport was reduced by forskolin, and this reduction was blocked by the PKA inhibitor H-89. Finally, in membrane vesicles from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells containing human MRP4, ATP-dependent and specific uptake of fluo-cAMP could be demonstrated. Thus, based on inhibitor specificity and regulatory signaling, cell-to-lumen transport of fluo-cAMP in killifish renal tubules is mediated by a transporter distinct from Mrp2, presumably a teleost form of Mrp4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeska Reichel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, INF 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hanauske AR, Eismann U, Oberschmidt O, Pospisil H, Hoffmann S, Hanauske-Abel H, Ma D, Chen V, Paoletti P, Niyikiza C. In vitro chemosensitivity of freshly explanted tumor cells to pemetrexed is correlated with target gene expression. Invest New Drugs 2007; 25:417-23. [PMID: 17534577 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-007-9060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY mRNA expression of genes involved in the mechanism of action of pemetrexed was correlated with in vitro chemosensitivity of freshly explanted human tumor specimens. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Chemosensitivity to pemetrexed was studied in soft-agar. Multiplex rtPCR experiments for reduced folate carrier (RFC), folate receptor-alpha (FR-alpha), folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase (GARFT), mrp4, and mrp5 were performed in parallel. Correlations, threshold optimization, sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency were analyzed using the appropriate statistical methodologies. RESULTS In 61 samples, low levels of TS, GARFT, DHFR, and mrp4 gene expression significantly correlated with chemosensitivity to pemetrexed. Optimization analyses demonstrated threshold values of 144 copies for TS and six copies for mrp4 relative to 10(4) copies of beta-actin. CONCLUSIONS These results form a rational basis for the design of clinical trials to evaluate the expression of these enzymes as predictors for treatment outcome.
Collapse
|
19
|
Klement JF, Matsuzaki Y, Jiang QJ, Terlizzi J, Choi HY, Fujimoto N, Li K, Pulkkinen L, Birk DE, Sundberg JP, Uitto J. Targeted ablation of the abcc6 gene results in ectopic mineralization of connective tissues. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:8299-310. [PMID: 16135817 PMCID: PMC1234326 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.18.8299-8310.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Revised: 06/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), characterized by connective tissue mineralization of the skin, eyes, and cardiovascular system, is caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene. ABCC6 encodes multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 (MRP6), which is expressed primarily in the liver and kidneys. Mechanisms producing ectopic mineralization as a result of these mutations remain unclear. To elucidate this complex disease, a transgenic mouse was generated by targeted ablation of the mouse Abcc6 gene. Abcc6 null mice were negative for Mrp6 expression in the liver, and complete necropsies revealed profound mineralization of several tissues, including skin, arterial blood vessels, and retina, while heterozygous animals were indistinguishable from the wild-type mice. Particularly striking was the mineralization of vibrissae, as confirmed by von Kossa and alizarin red stains. Electron microscopy revealed mineralization affecting both elastic structures and collagen fibers. Mineralization of vibrissae was noted as early as 5 weeks of age and was progressive with age in Abcc6(-/-) mice but was not observed in Abcc6(+/-) or Abcc6(+/+) mice up to 2 years of age. A total body computerized tomography scan of Abcc6(-/-) mice revealed mineralization in skin and subcutaneous tissue as well as in the kidneys. These data demonstrate aberrant mineralization of soft tissues in PXE-affected organs, and, consequently, these mice recapitulate features of this complex disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F Klement
- Department of Dermatology, Jefferson Medical College, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 322 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y. Active efflux across the blood-brain barrier: role of the solute carrier family. NeuroRx 2005; 2:73-85. [PMID: 15717059 PMCID: PMC539323 DOI: 10.1602/neurorx.2.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The brain uptake of xenobiotics is restricted by the blood-brain brain barrier formed by brain capillary endothelial cells. Active efflux transport systems in the blood-brain barrier work as a detoxification system in the brain by facilitating removal of xenobiotic compounds from the brain. Drugs, acting in the brain, have to overcome such efflux mechanisms to achieve clinically significant concentration in the brain. Multiple transporters are involved in this efflux transport in the brain capillaries. In the past few years, considerable progress has been made in the cloning of these transporters and their functional characterization after heterologous expression. Members of the solute carrier family (SLC) play an important role in the efflux transport, especially for organic anions, which include organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP/SLCO) and organic anion transporters (OAT/SLC22A). It is believed that coordination of the members of SLC family, and ABC transporters, such as P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein, and breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP/ABCG2), allows an efficient vectorial transport across the endothelial cells to remove xenobiotics from the brain. In this review, we shall summarize our current knowledge about their localization, molecular and functional characteristics, and substrate and inhibitor specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Leggas M, Adachi M, Scheffer GL, Sun D, Wielinga P, Du G, Mercer KE, Zhuang Y, Panetta JC, Johnston B, Scheper RJ, Stewart CF, Schuetz JD. Mrp4 confers resistance to topotecan and protects the brain from chemotherapy. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:7612-21. [PMID: 15314169 PMCID: PMC506999 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.17.7612-7621.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the multidrug resistance protein MRP4/ABCC4 in vivo remains undefined. To explore this role, we generated Mrp4-deficient mice. Unexpectedly, these mice showed enhanced accumulation of the anticancer agent topotecan in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Further studies demonstrated that topotecan was an Mrp4 substrate and that cells overexpressing Mrp4 were resistant to its cytotoxic effects. We then used new antibodies to discover that Mrp4 is unique among the anionic ATP-dependent transporters in its dual localization at the basolateral membrane of the choroid plexus epithelium and in the apical membrane of the endothelial cells of the brain capillaries. Microdialysis sampling of ventricular CSF demonstrated that localization of Mrp4 at the choroid epithelium is integral to its function in limiting drug penetration into the CSF. The topotecan resistance of cells overexpressing Mrp4 and the polarized expression of Mrp4 in the choroid plexus and brain capillary endothelial cells indicate that Mrp4 has a dual role in protecting the brain from cytotoxins and suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of central nervous system-directed drugs that are Mrp4 substrates may be improved by developing Mrp4 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markos Leggas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jorajuria S, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Naissant-Storck K, Dormont D, Clayette P. Differential expression levels of MRP1, MRP4, and MRP5 in response to human immunodeficiency virus infection in human macrophages. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:1889-91. [PMID: 15105153 PMCID: PMC400539 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.5.1889-1891.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) have been reported to be involved in the efflux of some anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs. We show here that MRP1, MRP4, and MRP5 are expressed at the mRNA level in human monocyte-derived macrophages. HIV infection caused increased transcription of these MRPs; however, temporal differences in stimulation are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Jorajuria
- CEA, Service de Neurovirologie, Université Paris XI, CRSSA, EPHE, IPS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Notenboom S, Miller DS, Smits P, Russel FGM, Masereeuw R. Involvement of guanylyl cyclase and cGMP in the regulation of Mrp2-mediated transport in the proximal tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 287:F33-8. [PMID: 14970002 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00443.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In killifish renal proximal tubules, endothelin-1 (ET-1), acting through a basolateral ET(B) receptor, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and PKC, decreases cell-to-lumen organic anion transport mediated by the multidrug resistance protein isoform 2 (Mrp2). In the present study, we examined the roles of guanylyl cyclase and cGMP in ET signaling to Mrp2. Using confocal microscopy and quantitative image analysis to measure Mrp2-mediated transport of the fluorescent drug fluorescein methotrexate (FL-MTX), we found that oxadiazole quinoxalin (ODQ), an inhibitor of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase, blocked ET-1 signaling. ODQ was also effective when signaling was initiated by nephrotoxicants (gentamicin, amikacin, diatrizoate, HgCl(2), and CdCl(2)), which appear to stimulate ET release from the tubules themselves. ODQ blocked the effects of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside but not of the phorbol ester that activates PKC. Exposing tubules to 8-bromo-cGMP (8-BrcGMP), a cell-permeable cGMP analog, decreased luminal FL-MTX accumulation. This effect was abolished by bisindoylmaleimide (BIM), a PKC inhibitor, but not by N(G)-methyl-l-arginine, a NOS inhibitor. Together, these data indicate that ET regulation of Mrp2 involves activation of guanylyl cyclase and generation of cGMP. Signaling by cGMP follows NO release and precedes PKC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Notenboom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Einmahl S, Capancioni S, Schwach-Abdellaoui K, Moeller M, Behar-Cohen F, Gurny R. Therapeutic applications of viscous and injectable poly(ortho esters). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2001; 53:45-73. [PMID: 11733117 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ortho esters) (POE) are hydrophobic and bioerodible polymers that have been investigated for pharmaceutical use since the early 1970s. Among the four described generations of POE, the third (POE III) and fourth (POE IV) are promising viscous and injectable materials which have been investigated in numerous biomedical applications. POE III has been extensively studied for ophthalmic drug delivery, it presents an excellent biocompatibility and is currently being investigated as a vehicle for sustained drug delivery to treat diseases of the posterior segment of the eye. POE IV is distinguishable by a highly reproducible and controlled synthesis, a higher hydrophobicity, and an excellent biocompatibility. It is currently under development for a variety of applications, such as ocular delivery, periodontal disease treatment and applications in veterinary medicine. This review will also focus on new perspectives for this promising family of polymers, such as guided tissue regeneration, treatment of osteoarthritis, as well as peptide and protein delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Einmahl
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|