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Antic O, Koshman YE, Bird BM, Jasiek G, Wilsey AS, Mittelstadt SW, Foley CM. Evaluation of the translation of multiple cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms in the anesthetized dog. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2024; 126:107497. [PMID: 38479593 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2024.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The strategic and targeted use of an anesthetized canine cardiovascular model early in drug discovery enables a comprehensive cardiovascular and electrophysiological assessment of potential safety liabilities and guides compound selection prior to initiation of chronic toxicological studies. An ideal model would enable exposure-response relationships to guide safety margin calculations, have a low threshold to initiate, and have quick delivery of decision quality data. We have aimed to profile compounds with diverse mechanism of actions (MoAs) of "non-QT" cardiovascular drug effects and evaluate the ability of nonclinical in vivo cardiovascular models to detect clinically reported effects. The hemodynamic effects of 11 drugs (atropine, itraconazole, atenolol, ivabradine, milrinone, enalaprilat, fasudil, amlodipine, prazosin, amiloride, and hydrochlorothiazide) were profiled in an anesthetized dog cardiovascular model. Derived parameters included: heart rate, an index of left ventricular contractility, mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and cardiac output. Species specific plasma protein data was generated (human, dog) and utilized to calculate free drug concentrations. Using the anesthetized dog cardiovascular model, 10 of the 11 drugs displayed the predicted changes in CV parameters based on their primary MoAs and corresponding clinically described effects. Interestingly but not unexpected, 1 of 11 failed to display their predicted CV pattern which is likely due to a delay in pharmacodynamic effect that is beyond the duration of the experimental model (hydrochlorothiazide). The analysis from the current study supports the strategic use of the anesthetized dog model early in the drug discovery process for a comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation with good translation to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Antic
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America.
| | - Yevgeniya E Koshman
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Brandan M Bird
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Geena Jasiek
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Amanda S Wilsey
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Scott W Mittelstadt
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - C Michael Foley
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
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An evaluation of the utility of LVdP/dt 40 , QA interval, LVdP/dt min and Tau as indicators of drug-induced changes in contractility and lusitropy in dogs. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 85:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pandit S, Kanjilal S, Awasthi A, Chaudhary A, Banerjee D, Bhatt BN, Narwaria A, Singh R, Dutta K, Jaggi M, Singh AT, Sharma N, Katiyar CK. Evaluation of herb-drug interaction of a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation through high throughput cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition assay. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 197:165-172. [PMID: 27457692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arishtas are Ayurvedic formulation made with decoction of herbs. Arjunarishta formulation is being used in Ayurveda for cardio-protective activity. Ashwagandharishta formulation possesses antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-stress properties. Ridayarishta, a novel empirical formulation was prepared using combination of selected ingredients from these two formulations to support healthy heart functions and to reduce stress. AIM OF THE STUDY Aim of the Study was to investigate herb-drug interaction (HDI) of Ridayarishta formulation through human hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme inhibition assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ridayarishta formulation was phyto-chemically standardized against arjunolic acid, arjunetin, berberine, piperine, resveratrol and withaferin-A using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis. The formulation was standardized with respect to ethanol by gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. HDI was evaluated with Ridayarishta formulation and amlodipine besilate, atenolol, atorvastatin, metformin, glipizide glimepiride cocktail using high throughput CYP450 enzyme inhibition assay; against CYP1A2, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 isozymes. RESULTS Contents of arjunolic acid, arjunetin, berberine, piperine, resveratrol and withaferin-A in Ridayarishta formulation were found to be 1.76±0.12, 1.51±0.09, 1.85±0.05, 3.2±0.12, 1.21±0.08, and 2.16±0.09ppm, respectively. Quantity of ethanol in Ridayarishta was found to be 7.95±0.023% (V/V). Ridayarishta showed significantly higher (P<0.001) IC50 value against CYP1A2 (IC50-13.80±1.96µg/mL), 2C19 (IC50-14.343±2.28µg/mL), 2D6 (IC50-0.897±0.28µg/mL) and 3A4 (IC50-32.057±2.51µg/mL) compared to positive controls such as furafylline, tranylcypromine, quinidine and ketoconazole respectively. Cocktail of herbal formulation and cardio protective, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic drugs showed significantly (P<0.001and P<0.01) less or negligible HDI. CONCLUSION Ridayarishta formulation alone and cocktail with amlodipine besilate, atenolol, atorvastatin, metformin, glipizide, glimepiride had negligible or insignificant effect on CYP450 inhibition. It may be concluded that consumption of Ridayarishta along with selective cardio protective, antihypertensive and anti-diabetic conventional medicine is safe with negligible or without any significant CYP450 (CYP1A2, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4) inhibition mediated HDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pandit
- Research & Development center, Healthcare Division, Emami Limited 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India.
| | - Satyajyoti Kanjilal
- Research & Development center, Healthcare Division, Emami Limited 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
| | - Anshumali Awasthi
- Althea Life Sciences Limited, 3, Factory Road, Adj. Safdarjung Hospital Ring Road, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anika Chaudhary
- Althea Life Sciences Limited, 3, Factory Road, Adj. Safdarjung Hospital Ring Road, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Dipankar Banerjee
- Research & Development center, Healthcare Division, Emami Limited 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
| | - B N Bhatt
- Research & Development center, Healthcare Division, Emami Limited 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
| | - Avinash Narwaria
- Research & Development center, Healthcare Division, Emami Limited 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Research & Development center, Healthcare Division, Emami Limited 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
| | - Kakoli Dutta
- Research & Development center, Healthcare Division, Emami Limited 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
| | - Manu Jaggi
- Althea Life Sciences Limited, 3, Factory Road, Adj. Safdarjung Hospital Ring Road, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anu T Singh
- Althea Life Sciences Limited, 3, Factory Road, Adj. Safdarjung Hospital Ring Road, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Neena Sharma
- Research & Development center, Healthcare Division, Emami Limited 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
| | - Chandra Kant Katiyar
- Research & Development center, Healthcare Division, Emami Limited 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
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Zeeb M, Farahani H, Papan MK. Determination of atenolol in human plasma using ionic-liquid-based ultrasound-assisted in situ solvent formation microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2138-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Zeeb
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch; Tehran Iran
| | - Hadi Farahani
- Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI); Tehran Iran
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The evaluation of drug-induced changes in cardiac inotropy in dogs: Results from a HESI-sponsored consortium. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 75:70-90. [PMID: 25843226 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-induced effects on the cardiovascular system remain a major cause of drug attrition. While hemodynamic (blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR)) and electrophysiological methods have been used in testing drug safety for years, animal models for assessing myocardial contractility are used less frequently and their translation to humans has not been established. The goal of these studies was to determine whether assessment of contractility and hemodynamics, when measured across different laboratories using the same protocol, could consistently detect drug-induced changes in the inotropic state of the heart using drugs known to have clinically relevant positive and negative effects on myocardial contractility. METHODS A 4×4 double Latin square design (n=8) design using Beagle dogs was developed. Drugs were administrated orally. Arterial blood pressure, left ventricular pressure (LVP) and the electrocardiogram were assessed. Each of the six laboratories studied at least 2 drugs (one positive inotrope (pimobendan or amrinone) and one negative inotrope) (itraconazole or atenolol) at 3 doses selected to match clinical exposure data and a vehicle control. Animals were instrumented with an ITS telemetry system, DSI's D70-PCTP system or DSI's Physiotel Digital system. Data acquisition and analysis systems were Ponemah, Notocord or EMKA. RESULTS Derived parameters included: diastolic, systolic and mean arterial BP, peak systolic LVP, HR, end-diastolic LVP, and LVdP/dtmax as the primary contractility index. Blood samples were drawn to confirm drug exposures predicted from independent pharmacokinetic studies. Across the laboratories, a consistent change in LVdP/dtmax was captured despite some differences in the absolute values of some of the hemodynamic parameters prior to treatment. DISCUSSION These findings indicate that this experimental model, using the chronically instrumented conscious dog, can accurately and consistently detect changes in cardiac contractility, across multiple sites and instrumentation systems, and that data obtained in this model may also translate to clinical outcomes.
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Workman AJ, Marshall GE, Rankin AC, Smith GL, Dempster J. Transient outward K+ current reduction prolongs action potentials and promotes afterdepolarisations: a dynamic-clamp study in human and rabbit cardiac atrial myocytes. J Physiol 2012; 590:4289-305. [PMID: 22733660 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.235986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human atrial transient outward K(+) current (I(TO)) is decreased in a variety of cardiac pathologies, but how I(TO) reduction alters action potentials (APs) and arrhythmia mechanisms is poorly understood, owing to non-selectivity of I(TO) blockers. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of selective I(TO) changes on AP shape and duration (APD), and on afterdepolarisations or abnormal automaticity with β-adrenergic-stimulation, using the dynamic-clamp technique in atrial cells. Human and rabbit atrial cells were isolated by enzymatic dissociation, and electrical activity recorded by whole-cell-patch clamp (35-37°C). Dynamic-clamp-simulated I(TO) reduction or block slowed AP phase 1 and elevated the plateau, significantly prolonging APD, in both species. In human atrial cells, I(TO) block (100% I(TO) subtraction) increased APD(50) by 31%, APD(90) by 17%, and APD(-61 mV) (reflecting cellular effective refractory period) by 22% (P < 0.05 for each). Interrupting I(TO) block at various time points during repolarisation revealed that the APD(90) increase resulted mainly from plateau-elevation, rather than from phase 1-slowing or any residual I(TO). In rabbit atrial cells, partial I(TO) block (∼40% I(TO) subtraction) reversibly increased the incidence of cellular arrhythmic depolarisations (CADs; afterdepolarisations and/or abnormal automaticity) in the presence of the β-agonist isoproterenol (0.1 μm; ISO), from 0% to 64% (P < 0.05). ISO-induced CADs were significantly suppressed by dynamic-clamp increase in I(TO) (∼40% I(TO) addition). ISO+I(TO) decrease-induced CADs were abolished by β(1)-antagonism with atenolol at therapeutic concentration (1 μm). Atrial cell action potential changes from selective I(TO) modulation, shown for the first time using dynamic-clamp, have the potential to influence reentrant and non-reentrant arrhythmia mechanisms, with implications for both the development and treatment of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Workman
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Yilmaz B, Arslan S, Asci A. HPLC Method for Determination of Atenolol in Human Plasma and Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study in Turkey. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:914-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Quantitative determination of atenolol in dried blood spot samples by LC-HRMS: a potential method for assessing medication adherence. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 897:72-9. [PMID: 22552005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of blood spot collection cards was investigated as a means of obtaining small volume samples for the quantification of therapeutic drugs for assessing medication adherence. A liquid chromatography-high resolution TOF mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method, based on the measurement at the accurate mass to charge ratio of the target analyte, was used to ensure specificity for atenolol in the dried blood spot (DBS) samples. A working method was developed and validated. For the preparation of DBS samples whole blood spiked with analyte was used to produce 30 μl blood spots on specimen collection cards. A 5mm disc was cut from the dried blood spot and extracted using methanol:water (60:40, v/v) containing the internal standard, atenolol-d(7). Extracts were vortexed, sonicated and then centrifuged. Gradient chromatographic elution was achieved using an Ascentis Express C18 100mm×2.1mm column and a mobile phase flow rate of 0.2 ml/min and the column oven temperature at 30 °C. MS detection was carried out in electrospray positive ion mode for target ions at accurate mass m/z 267.1703 for atenolol and 274.2143 for the IS. Drug extraction efficiency from spiked blood spots was demonstrated to be 96±5% and the drug was stable in DBS for at least 10 weeks. The developed LC-HRMS method was linear within the tested calibration range of 25-1500 ng/ml and validation showed the accuracy (relative error) and precision (coefficient of variation) values were within the pre-defined limits of ≤ 5% at all concentrations with a limit of quantification of 25 ng/ml. Factors with potential to affect drug quantification measurements such as the matrix effects, volume of blood applied onto the collection card and effect of different sampling cards were investigated. The developed LC-HRMS method was applied to blood spots on sampling card taken from adult healthy volunteers previously administered a 50mg atenolol tablet and a DBS concentration-time profile was obtained for atenolol. Requiring only a micro volume (30 μl) blood sample for analysis, the developed DBS based assay has the potential to assess patient adherence to atenolol.
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Using the fish plasma model for comparative hazard identification for pharmaceuticals in the environment by extrapolation from human therapeutic data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 61:261-75. [PMID: 21889559 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of drugs are currently in use, but only for a few of them experimental chronic fish data exist. Therefore, Huggett et al. (Human Ecol Risk Assess 2003; 9:1789-1799) proposed the fish plasma model (FPM) to extrapolate the potential of unintended long-term effects in fish. The FPM compares human therapeutic plasma concentrations (HPC(T)) with estimated fish steady-state concentrations (FPC(ss)), under the assumption that biological drug targets may be conserved across the species. In this study, the influence of using different input parameters on the model result was characterised for 42 drugs. The existence of structurally and functionally conserved protein targets in zebrafish could not be refuted. Thus, the FPM model application was not in contradiction to its basic assumption. Further, dissociation of drugs was shown to be important in determining the output and model robustness. As the proposed model for FPC(ss) estimation was considered to predict accurate values for neutral and lipophilic chemicals only, a modified bioconcentration model was used with D(OW) as predictor. Using reasonable worst case assumptions, a hazard was indicated for one third of the selected drugs. Our results support the notion that this approach might help to prioritise among in use drugs to identify compounds where follow up evidence should be considered.
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Karn PR, Vanić Z, Pepić I, Škalko-Basnet N. Mucoadhesive liposomal delivery systems: the choice of coating material. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 37:482-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.523425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Patil RH, Hegde RN, Nandibewoor ST. Voltammetric Oxidation and Determination of Atenolol Using a Carbon Paste Electrode. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901163k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopa H. Patil
- P.G. Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
| | - Rajesh N. Hegde
- P.G. Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
| | - S. T. Nandibewoor
- P.G. Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
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Yilmaz B, Arslan S. GC–MS Determination of Atenolol Plasma Concentration after Derivatization with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kinetics of Pindolol Oxidation by Peroxodisulfate. J SOLUTION CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-009-9403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Deore PD, Shirkhedkar AS, Surana SS. Simultaneous TLC-densitometric analysis of atenolol and lercanidipine hydrochloride in tablets. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2008. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.20.2008.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Baek IH, Yun MH, Yun HY, Kwon KI. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of the cardiovascular effects of beta blockers in humans. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:814-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 03/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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