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Pavloková S, Muselík J, Sabadková D, Bernatová S, Samek O, Neumann D, Franc A. The effects of the treatment conditions on the dissolution profile of ethylcellulose coated pellets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 132:86-95. [PMID: 30825510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the additional particle coalescence in the coating, changes in the dissolution profile occur over time in the formulations coated by aqueous ethylcellulose latex. Dry thermal treatment (DT) of the coating can be used as a prevention of this process. Alternatively, it is advisable to take advantage of the synergistic effect of high humidity during wet treatment (WT), which substantially accelerates the film formation. This can be a problem for time-controlled systems, which are based on the coating rupture due to the penetration of water into the core causing the increase in the system volume. This process can begin already during the WT, which may affect the coating adversely. The submitted work was focused on the stability testing of two pellet core compositions: pellets containing swelling superdisintegrant sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and pellets containing osmotically active polyethylene glycol (PEG). Another objective was to identify the treatment/storage condition effects on the pellet dissolution profiles. These pellets are intended to prevent hypoglycemia for patients with diabetes mellitus and therefore, besides the excipients, pellet cores contain 75% or 80% of glucose. The pellet coating is formed by ethylcellulose-based latex, which provides the required lag time (120-360 min). The sample stability was evaluated depending on the pellet core composition (PEG, CMS) for two types of final pellet coating treatment (DT or WT). Scanning electron microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy revealed the penetration of glucose and polyethylene glycol from the core to the PEG pellet surface after WT. For the CMS sample, significant pellet swelling after WT (under the conditions of elevated humidity) was statistically confirmed by the means of stereomicroscopic data evaluation. Therefore, the acceleration of dissolution rate during the stress tests is caused by the soluble substance penetration through the coating in the case of PEG pellets or by dosage form volume increase in the case of CMS pellets. The observed mechanisms can be generally anticipated during the stability testing of the ethylcellulose coated dosage forms. The aforementioned processes do not occur after DT and the pellets are stable in the environment without increased humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Pavloková
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Muselík
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Sabadková
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Bernatová
- Institute of Scientific Instruments (ISI), Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ota Samek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments (ISI), Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Neumann
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Li Y, Wurster DE. The Effects of Curing and Casting Methods on the Physicochemical Properties of Polymer Films. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2740-2749. [PMID: 29978291 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most film coatings in the pharmaceutical industry are prepared using organic solvents or aqueous solvents. Due to different film-formation mechanisms, their properties are significantly different from each other. Curing can alter the microstructure of films by improving the coalescence of polymer particles for aqueous dispersion-based films or accelerating macromolecule relaxation for organic solvent-based films. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of preparation methods and curing on the physicochemical properties of Kollicoat® SR30D and Kollicoat® MAE100P films. The film's properties, including water diffusion coefficient, mechanical properties, plasticizer loss, swelling behavior, and contact angle, were measured for uncured or cured aqueous dispersion-based or organic solvent-based films. The results indicated that curing decreased water diffusivities in films and increased film's tensile strength. Curing resulted in plasticizer loss from SR30D films but not from MAE100P films due to strong interaction between plasticizer and MAE100P. The surface of organic solvent-based films was more hydrophobic than that of aqueous dispersion-based films. The contact angle of organic solvent-based films was increased after curing possibly because curing decreased roughness of the film surface. Organic solvent-based SR30D films had better mechanical properties than the corresponding aqueous dispersion-based films because of higher degree of polymer-polymer entanglement in the organic solvent-based films. However, contradictory phenomena were observed in MAE100P films possibly due to a "core-shell" structure reserved in the aqueous dispersion-based MAE100P films. In summary, casting methods and curing have significant impact on the film properties due to different film structures, coalescence, or film relaxation, and other concurrent effects including evaporation of residue solvent and plasticizers.
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Korasa K, Vrečer F. Overview of PAT process analysers applicable in monitoring of film coating unit operations for manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 111:278-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Chen T, Li J, Chen T, Sun CC, Zheng Y. Tablets of multi-unit pellet system for controlled drug delivery. J Control Release 2017; 262:222-231. [PMID: 28774838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The tablet of multi-unit pellet system (TMUPS), using coated pellets, for controlled release of drugs is an effective therapeutic alternative to conventional immediate-release dosage forms. The main advantages of TMUPS include a) ease of swallowing and b) divisible without compromising the drug release characteristics of the individual units. TMUPS can be prepared more economically than pellet-filled capsules because of the much higher production rate of tableting process. In spite of the superiorities of TMUPS, its adoption has been challenged by manufacturing problems, such as compromised integrity of coated pellets and poor content uniformity. Herein, we provide an updated review on research, from both scientific literatures and patents, related to the compaction of TMUPS. Factors important for the successful production of TMUPS are summarized, including model drug property, potential cushioning agents, and novel techniques to protect pellets from damage. This review is intended to facilitate the future development of manufacturable TMUPS with drug release behavior similar to that of the original coated pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongkai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Zhitong Laboratories Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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5
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Silva BMA, Vicente S, Cunha S, Coelho JFJ, Silva C, Reis MS, Simões S. Retrospective Quality by Design (rQbD) applied to the optimization of orodispersible films. Int J Pharm 2017. [PMID: 28629981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The study demonstrates the application of QbD based on historical data for a product at a later development stage - retrospective QbD (rQbD). More specifically, it is investigated the root-cause for the observed slower drug release in Orodispersible Films (ODFs) during storage. Risk assessment tools were used to identify parameters affecting ODFs critical quality attributes, namely percent drug release and residual water content. The parameters room temperature, room relative humidity, drying temperature and mixing equipment were used in the statistical modeling of the available data. The estimated models were then used to define the feasible working region. Statistical modeling indicates that initial residual water content of the ODFs is mainly affected by 2nd order interactions of room temperature, room relative humidity and drying temperature, while the stability of drug release profile is mostly influenced by room temperature and an interaction between room relative humidity and drying temperature. Depending on the drying temperature employed the effect of room temperature and room relative humidity change significantly. This work shows that it is possible to apply rQbD to achieve a greater understanding of the manufacturing process of ODFs and to define a proper design space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branca M A Silva
- Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A., São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia Vicente
- Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A., São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Cunha
- Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A., São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Silva
- Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A., São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco Seabra Reis
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A., São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Irfan M, Ahmed AR, Kolter K, Bodmeier R, Dashevskiy A. Curing mechanism of flexible aqueous polymeric coatings. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 115:186-196. [PMID: 28246029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explain curing phenomena for pellets coated with a flexible polymeric coating based on poly(vinyl acetate) (Kollicoat® SR 30D) with regard to the effect of starter cores, thickness of drug layer, adhesion of coating to drug-layered-cores as well as coating properties. In addition, appropriate approaches to eliminate the curing effect were identified. Sugar or MCC cores were layered with the model drugs carbamazepine, theophylline, propranolol HCl, tramadol HCl and metoprolol HCl using HPMC (5 or 25% w/w, based on drug) as a binder. Drug-layered pellets were coated with Kollicoat® SR 30D in a fluidized bed coater using TEC (10% w/w) as plasticizer and talc (35-100% w/w) as anti-tacking agent. Drug release, pellet properties (morphology, water uptake-weight loss and osmolality) and adhesion of the coating to the drug layer were investigated as a function of curing at 60°C or 60°C/75% RH for 24h. The film formation of the aqueous dispersion of Kollicoat® SR 30D was complete, and therefore, a strong curing effect (decrease in drug release) at elevated temperature and humidity (60°C/75% RH) could not be explained by the well-known hydroplasticization and the further gradual coalescence of the colloidal polymer particles. According to the provided mechanistic explanation, the observed curing effect was associated with (1) high flexibility of coating, (2) adhesion between coating and drug layer, (3) water retaining properties of the drug layer, and (4) osmotically active cores. Unwanted curing effects could be minimized/eliminated by the addition of talc or/and pore-forming water soluble polymers in the coating, increasing binder amount or applying an intermediate coating, by increasing the thickness of drug layer or using non-osmotic cores. A new insight into curing phenomena mainly associated with the adhesion between drug layer and coating was provided. Appropriate approaches to avoid unwanted curing effect were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karl Kolter
- BASF SE, Global Research & Formulations Nutrition & Health, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Tayel SA, El Nabarawi MA, Amin MM, AbouGhaly MHH. Comparative Study Between Different Ready-Made Orally Disintegrating Platforms for the Formulation of Sumatriptan Succinate Sublingual Tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:410-423. [PMID: 27038484 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumatriptan succinate (SS) is a selective serotonin receptor agonist used for the treatment of migraine attacks, suffering from extensive first-pass metabolism and low oral bioavailability (∼14%). The aim of this work is to compare the performance of different ready-made co-processed platforms (Pharmaburst®, Prosolv ODT®, Starlac®, Pearlitol Flash®, or Ludiflash®) in the formulation of SS sublingual orodispersible tablets (ODTs) using direct compression technique. The prepared SS ODT formulae were evaluated regarding hardness, friability, simulated wetting time, and in vitro disintegration and dissolution tests. Different mucoadhesive polymers-HPMC K4M, Carbopol®, chitosan, or Polyox®-were tested aiming to increase the residence time in the sublingual area. A pharmacokinetic study on healthy human volunteers was performed, using LC/MS/MS assay, to compare the optimum sublingual formula (Ph25/HPMC) with the conventional oral tablet Imitrex®. Results showed that tablets prepared using Pharmaburst® had significantly (p < 0.05) the lowest simulated wetting and in vitro disintegration times of 17.17 and 23.50 s, respectively, with Q 5 min of 83.62%. HPMC showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the residence time from 48.44 to 183.76 s. The relative bioavailability was found to be equal to 132.34% relative to the oral tablet Imitrex®. In conclusion, Pharmaburst® was chosen as the optimum ready-made co-processed platform that can be successfully used in the preparation of SS sublingual tablets for the rapid relief of migraine attacks.
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8
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Korasa K, Hudovornik G, Vrečer F. Applicability of near-infrared spectroscopy in the monitoring of film coating and curing process of the prolonged release coated pellets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:484-92. [PMID: 27562707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although process analytical technology (PAT) guidance has been introduced to the pharmaceutical industry just a decade ago, this innovative approach has already become an important part of efficient pharmaceutical development, manufacturing, and quality assurance. PAT tools are especially important in technologically complex operations which require strict control of critical process parameters and have significant effect on final product quality. Manufacturing of prolonged release film coated pellets is definitely one of such processes. The aim of the present work was to study the applicability of the at-line near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) approach in the monitoring of pellet film coating and curing steps. Film coated pellets were manufactured by coating the active ingredient containing pellets with film coating based on polymethacrylate polymers (Eudragit® RS/RL). The NIR proved as a useful tool for the monitoring of the curing process since it was able to determine the extent of the curing and hence predict drug release rate by using partial least square (PLS) model. However, such approach also showed a number of limitations, such as low reliability and high susceptibility to pellet moisture content, and was thus not able to predict drug release from pellets with high moisture content. On the other hand, the at-line NIR was capable to predict the thickness of Eudragit® RS/RL film coating in a wide range (up to 40μm) with good accuracy even in the pellets with high moisture content. To sum up, high applicability of the at-line NIR in the monitoring of the prolonged release pellets production was demonstrated in the present study. The present findings may contribute to more efficient and reliable PAT solutions in the manufacturing of prolonged release dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Korasa
- KRKA, d.d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia.
| | - Grega Hudovornik
- KRKA, d.d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - Franc Vrečer
- KRKA, d.d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Frederiksen K, Guy RH, Petersson K. The potential of polymeric film-forming systems as sustained delivery platforms for topical drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:349-60. [PMID: 26609868 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1124412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dosing regimens requiring multiple daily applications frequently result in poor patient compliance, especially in the treatment of chronic skin diseases. Consequently, development of sustained delivery systems for topical drugs permitting less frequent dosing is of continuing interest for dermatological therapy. AREAS COVERED This potential of polymeric film-forming systems (FFS), created in situ on the skin, as sustained delivery platforms for topical drug delivery is reviewed. Key formulation parameters that determine delivery efficiency are considered focussing on those that permit a drug reservoir to be established in the upper layers of the skin and/or on the skin surface from which release can be sustained over a prolonged period. The advantageous and superior cosmetic attributes of FFS (compared to conventional semi-solid formulations) that offer significantly improved patient compliance are also addressed. EXPERT OPINION The promise of polymeric FFS as convenient and aesthetic platforms for sustained topical drug delivery is clear. Manipulation of the formulation allows the delivery profile to be customized and optimized to take advantage of both a rapid, initial input of drug into the skin (likely due to a transient period of supersaturation) and a slower, controlled release over an extended time from the residual film created thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Frederiksen
- a LEO Pharma A/S, Pharmaceutical Technologies , Ballerup , Denmark.,b Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of Bath , Bath , UK
| | - Richard H Guy
- b Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of Bath , Bath , UK
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Al-Zoubi N, Al-obaidi G, Tashtoush B, Malamataris S. Sustained release of diltiazem HCl tableted after co-spray drying and physical mixing with PVAc and PVP. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:270-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1047848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Al-Zoubi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan,
| | - Ghada Al-obaidi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan,
| | - Bassam Tashtoush
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, and
| | - Stavros Malamataris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Combescot E, Morat G, de Lonlay P, Boudy V. Pediatric drug formulation of sodium benzoate extended-release granules. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:261-7. [PMID: 25582668 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.996898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Urea cycle disorders are a group of inherited orphan diseases leading to hyperammonemia. Current therapeutic strategy includes high doses of sodium benzoate leading to three or four oral intakes per day. As this drug is currently available in capsules or in solution, children are either unable to swallow the capsule or reluctant to take the drug due to its strong bitter taste. The objective of the present study was to develop solid, multiparticulate formulations of sodium benzoate, which are suitable for pediatric patients (i.e. flavor-masked, easy to swallow and with a dosing system). Drug layering and coating in a fluidized bed were applied for preparing sustained-release granules. Two types of inert cores (GalenIQ® and Suglets®) and three different polymers (Kollicoat®, Aquacoat® and Eudragit®) were tested in order to select the most appropriate polymer and starter core for our purpose. Physical characteristics and drug release profiles of the pellets were evaluated. A Suglets® core associated with a Kollicoat® coating seems to be the best combination for an extended release of sodium benzoate. A curing period of 8 h was necessary to complete film formation and the resulting drug release pattern was found to be dependent of the acidity of the release medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Combescot
- a Unité de Recherche et Développement Galénique, Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS) , Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) , Paris , France and
| | - G Morat
- a Unité de Recherche et Développement Galénique, Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS) , Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) , Paris , France and
| | - P de Lonlay
- b Service de Neuro-Métabolisme, Hôpital Necker, APHP , Paris , France
| | - V Boudy
- a Unité de Recherche et Développement Galénique, Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS) , Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) , Paris , France and
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12
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Kucera SA, Felton LA, McGinity JW. Physical aging in pharmaceutical polymers and the effect on solid oral dosage form stability. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:428-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Kolter K, Dashevsky A, Irfan M, Bodmeier R. Polyvinyl acetate-based film coatings. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:470-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Omwancha WS, Mallipeddi R, Valle BL, Neau SH. Chitosan as a pore former in coated beads for colon specific drug delivery of 5-ASA. Int J Pharm 2012. [PMID: 23200955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A multiparticulate product for colon-specific delivery of a small molecule drug has been developed and characterized. Microcrystalline cellulose core beads containing 5-aminosalicylic acid produced by extrusion-spheronization were coated with chitosan and Aquacoat(®) ECD mixtures according to a factorial design. Coated beads were characterized in terms of drug release, shape, and friability. The optimum formulation was enteric coated and exposed to media simulating conditions in the stomach, small intestine, and colon. Release studies in simulated intestinal fluid revealed that the drug release rate from the coated beads, which were spherical and rugged, depended on the level of chitosan in the coat and the coat thickness. Enlarged pores observed on the surface of the coated beads exposed to the medium containing rat cecal and colonic enzymes are believed to have caused a significant enhancement of the drug release rate compared to the control exposed only to simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The release mechanisms involved polymer relaxation and dissolved drug diffusion for simulated intestinal fluid and simulated colonic fluid, respectively. From the facilitated drug release in a colonic environment and the inhibition of drug release under gastric and intestinal conditions, it can be concluded that this multiparticulate system demonstrates the potential for colon-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wycliffe S Omwancha
- Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, 600 S. 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Kristan K, Horvat M. Rapid Exploration of Curing Process Design space for Production of Controlled‐Release Pellets. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:3924-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Prediction of dissolution time and coating thickness of sustained release formulations using Raman spectroscopy and terahertz pulsed imaging. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 80:690-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Eudraginated polymer blends: a potential oral controlled drug delivery system for theophylline. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2012; 62:71-82. [PMID: 22472450 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-012-0001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sustained release (SR) dosage forms enable prolonged and continuous deposition of the drug in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and improve the bioavailability of medications characterized by a narrow absorption window. In this study, a new strategy is proposed for the development of SR dosage forms for theophylline (TPH). Design of the delivery system was based on a sustained release formulation, with a modified coating technique and swelling features aimed to extend the release time of the drug. Different polymers, such as Carbopol 71G (CP), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC), ethylcellulose (EC) and their combinations were tried. Prepared matrix tablets were coated with a 5 % (m/m) dispersion of Eudragit (EUD) in order to get the desired sustained release profile over a period of 24 h. Various formulations were evaluated for micromeritic properties, drug concentration and in vitro drug release. It was found that the in vitro drug release rate decreased with increasing the amount of polymer. Coating with EUD resulted in a significant lag phase in the first two hours of dissolution in the acidic pH of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) due to decreased water uptake, and hence decreased driving force for drug release. Release became faster in the alkaline pH of simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) owing to increased solubility of both the coating and matrixing agents. The optimized formulation was subjected to in vivo studies in rabbits and the pharmacokinetic parameters of developed formulations were compared with the commercial (Asmanyl(®)) formulation. Asmanyl(®) tablets showed faster absorption (t(max) 4.0 h) compared to the TPH formulation showing a t(max) value of 8.0 h. The C(max) and AUC values of TPH formulation were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those for Asmanyl(®), revealing relative bioavailability of about 136.93 %. Our study demonstrated the potential usefulness of eudraginated polymers for the oral delivery of the sparingly soluble drug theophylline.
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18
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Tang X, Tai LY, Yang XG, Chen F, Xu HM, Pan WS. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of gliclazide push-pull osmotic pump coated with aqueous colloidal polymer dispersions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:67-76. [PMID: 22339718 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.657646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of present work was to design and evaluate gliclazide push-pull osmotic pump (PPOP) coated with aqueous colloidal polymer dispersions-Eudragit(®) RL 30D and Eudragit(®) RS 30D. The influence of diacetin, diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl sebacate (DBS) and triethyl citrate (TEC) on the free Eudragit(®) RL 30D and Eudragit(®) RS 30D films as plasticizers on drug release were studied. Among these four plasticizers, diacetin offered the smoothest surface of the cast films, and it displayed greatest water vapor transmission coefficient. Free RL and RS films with diacetin also exhibited greatest erosion compared with the other three plasticizers. On the other hand, TEC, DEP and DBS showed greater water absorption. When compared with CA-coated gliclazide PPOP, Eudragit-coated ones showed a f(2) factor of 71.7, indicating the similarity between the release profile of the two formulations. The prepared Eudragit-coated gliclazide PPOP showed typical Zero-order release characteristics, with R being 0.9953. In the in vivo evaluation, the mean relative oral bioavailability of Eudragit-coated PPOP compared to CA-coated ones was 106.9%, demonstrating good bioequivalence. Both of their in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) showed linear relationship, with R(2) being 0.9955 (Eudragit-coated PPOP) and 0.9987 (CA-coated PPOP), respectively. These results suggested that PPOP coated with Eudragit(®) RL 30D and RS 30D could overcome drawbacks of organic solution coating and promote the development of PPOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, RP China.
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Raval A, Parikh J, Engineer C. Mechanism of controlled release kinetics from medical devices. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322010000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Raval
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, India
| | - J. Parikh
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, India
| | - C. Engineer
- Sahajanand Medical Technologies Pvt. Ltd., India
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Chi N, Guo JH, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Tang X. An oral controlled release system for amroxol hydrochloride containing a wax and a water insoluble polymer. Pharm Dev Technol 2010; 15:97-104. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450903013576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Wei H, Li-Fang F, Yong-Zhen C, Bai X, Qing D, Min B, Feng W, Min Q, De-Ying C. Pectin/Kollicoat SR30D isolated films for colonic delivery [I]: a comparison of normal and colitis-induced models to assess the efficiency of microbially triggered drug delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.02.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of the study was to evaluate digestion of pectin/Kollicoat SR30D free films for colonic delivery in vitro and in vivo.
Methods
Free films containing different ratios of pectin to Kollicoat SR30D were prepared by casting/solvent evaporation method. An in-vitro comparison of swelling, degradation and permeability of the free films was carried out in simulated colon fluids containing caecal contents from normal rats with colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) or oxazolone. A comparative in-vivo evaluation of degradation was also conducted in normal and colitis-induced model rats.
Key findings
The pectin within the mixed films was susceptible to rat colonic bacterial enzymes. The extent of digestion correlated with the amount of pectin present within the film. In vitro, the swelling index, drug permeability and extent of film digestion in simulated colon fluids with caecal contents obtained from normal rats were higher than from TNBS- or oxazolone-induced model rats, whereas in-vivo degradation was similar in the three groups of rats. The pectin/Kollicoat SR30D free films were completely degraded in the colitis-induced rats.
Conclusions
Pectic/Kollicoat SR30D films may be useful as coatings to target delivery of drugs to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei Medical University, ShiJiaZhuang, PR China
- CSPC Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd, ShiJiaZhuang, PR China
| | - Fan Li-Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei Medical University, ShiJiaZhuang, PR China
- Department of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Group, Medicine Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chang Yong-Zhen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, XingTai Medical School Facial Feature & Medical Treatment Technic Faculty, XingTai Medical College, XingTai, PR China
| | - Xiang Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei Medical University, ShiJiaZhuang, PR China
| | - Du Qing
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei Medical University, ShiJiaZhuang, PR China
| | - Bai Min
- CSPC Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd, ShiJiaZhuang, PR China
| | - Wang Feng
- Department of Hepatitis, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qing Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liuzhou Worker Hospital, Liuzhou, PR China
| | - Cao De-Ying
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei Medical University, ShiJiaZhuang, PR China
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Effects of film coating thickness and drug layer uniformity on in vitro drug release from sustained-release coated pellets: A case study using terahertz pulsed imaging. Int J Pharm 2009; 382:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Ensslin S, Moll KP, Metz H, Otz M, Mäder K. Modulating pH-independent release from coated pellets: Effect of coating composition on solubilization processes and drug release. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 72:111-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 11/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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An investigation into the characteristics of chitosan/Kollicoat SR30D free films for colonic drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 72:266-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Polymer blends for controlled release coatings. J Control Release 2008; 125:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chitosan inserts for periodontitis: influence of drug loading, plasticizer and crosslinking on in vitro metronidazole release. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2007; 57:469-77. [PMID: 18165190 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-007-0037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan based metronidazole (MZ) inserts were fabricated by the casting method and characterized with respect to mass and thickness uniformity, metronidazole loading and in vitro metronidazole release kinetics. The fabricated inserts exhibited satisfactory physical characteristics. The mass of inserts was in the range of 5.63 +/- 0.42 to 6.04 +/- 0.89 mg. The thickness ranged from 0.46 +/- 0.06 to 0.49 +/- 0.08 mm. Metronidazole loading was in the range of 0.98 +/- 0.09 to 1.07 +/- 0.07 mg except for batch CM3 with MZ loading of 2.01 +/- 0.08 mg. The inserts exhibited an initial burst release at the end of 24 h, irrespective of the drug to polymer ratio, plasticizer content or cross-linking. However, further drug release was sustained over the next 6 days. Cross-linking with 10% (m/m) of glutaraldehyde inhibited the burst release by approximately 30% and increased the mean dissolution time (MDT) from 0.67 to 8.59 days. The decrease in drug release was a result of reduced permeability of chitosan due to cross-linking.
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Haddish-Berhane N, Jeong SH, Haghighi K, Park K. Modeling film-coat non-uniformity in polymer coated pellets: A stochastic approach. Int J Pharm 2006; 323:64-71. [PMID: 16831526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2005] [Revised: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to include coating thickness non-uniformity in the development of a drug release model using coated ion-exchange pellets through the use of stochastic approaches. Drug release from ion-exchange resins was described using a Nernst-Plank model. Complexes of a model drug (dextromethorphan) and Dowex 50WX4-200 were prepared using a modified batch method and coated with Kollicoat SR 30D polymer. The deterministic model, validated using experimental drug release profiles for different coating thicknesses at 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% (w/w), was in agreement with the experimental data with a maximum root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.4%. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach was pursued to develop models of spherical pellets with non-uniform coating thicknesses. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the effect of the level of coating deformity on the cumulative drug release profile. Considering the co-existence of equal percentages of deformed and undeformed pellets in a batch, the cumulative release profile can vary by approximately +/-6% as a result of coating non-uniformity. The release profile obtained for a model of an arbitrary pellet with an actual non-uniform coating profile was in good agreement with the average release profile for the models of the theoretical randomly deformed pellets. The developed mathematical model is a useful tool to evaluate and predict release profiles of polymer coated ion-exchange resin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahor Haddish-Berhane
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Engineer S, Shao ZJ, Khagani NA. Temperature/Humidity sensitivity of sustained-release formulations containing Kollidon SR. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2005; 30:1089-94. [PMID: 15595575 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-200040292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The effects of temperature and humidity on tablets containing Kollidon SR have been evaluated using diphenhydramine HCl as a model drug. Exposure of tablets to ICH accelerated stability condition (40 degrees C/75%RH) in an open dish resulted in rapid increases in tablet hardness, accompahied by step-wise decreases in dissolution rate. Such a change can be observed as fast as an hour upon exposure. The tablet matrix appears to rapidly absorb atmospheric moisture, as demonstrated by tablet weight gain and moisture adsorption isotherms. Exposure to 25 degrees C/60%RH similarly resulted in increases in tablet hardness, although with minimal impact on dissolution. Potential implications of such rapid moisture uptake during aqueous film-coating were further evaluated by spraying either water or an Opadry solution in a coating pan. Exposure of Kollidon SR tablets to the aqueous coating process indeed resulted in noticeable changes in both hardness and dissolution. Application of the Opadry solution appears to affect tablet behavior to a lesser degree, compared to water, most likely due to protection via formed barrier film. Attention needs to be paid to the extreme sensitivity of Kollidon SR matrix tablets to temperature and moisture during product development.
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