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Padaga SG, Bhatt H, Ch S, Paul M, Itoo AM, Ghosh B, Roy S, Biswas S. Glycol Chitosan-Poly(lactic acid) Conjugate Nanoparticles Encapsulating Ciprofloxacin: A Mucoadhesive, Antiquorum-Sensing, and Biofilm-Disrupting Treatment Modality for Bacterial Keratitis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18360-18385. [PMID: 38573741 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis (BK) causes visual morbidity/blindness if not treated effectively. Here, ciprofloxacin (CIP)-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) using glycol chitosan (GC) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) conjugate at three different ratios (CIP@GC(PLA) NPs (1:1,5,15)) were fabricated. CIP@GC(PLA) NPs (1:1) were more effective than other tested ratios, indicating the importance of optimal hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance for corneal penetration and preventing bacterial invasion. The CIP@GC(PLA) (NPs) (1:1) realized the highest association with human corneal epithelial cells, which were nonirritant to the hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM test) and demonstrated significant antibacterial response in the in vitro minimum inhibitory, bactericidal, live-dead cells, zone of inhibition, and biofilm inhibition assays against the keratitis-inducing pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antiquorum sensing activity of GC has been explored for the first time. The NPs disrupted the bacterial quorum sensing by inhibiting the production of virulence factors, including acyl homoserine lactones, pyocyanin, and motility, and caused significant downregulation of quorum sensing associated genes. In the in vivo studies, CIP@GC(PLA) NPs (1:1) displayed ocular retention in vivo (∼6 h) and decreased the opacity and the bacterial load effectively. Overall, the CIP@GC(PLA) NP (1:1) is a biofilm-disrupting antiquorum sensing treatment regimen with clinical translation potential in BK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Ganga Padaga
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Himanshu Bhatt
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Sanjay Ch
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Milan Paul
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Asif Mohd Itoo
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
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Babu SR, Shekara HH, Sahoo AK, Harsha Vardhan PV, Thiruppathi N, Venkatesh MP. Intranasal nanoparticulate delivery systems for neurodegenerative disorders: a review. Ther Deliv 2023; 14:571-594. [PMID: 37691577 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a significant cause of mortality worldwide, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant challenge for drug delivery. An intranasal route is a prominent approach among the various methods to bypass the BBB. There are different pathways involved in intranasal drug delivery. The drawbacks of this method include mucociliary clearance, enzymatic degradation and poor drug permeation. Novel nanoformulations and intranasal drug-delivery devices offer promising solutions to overcome these challenges. Nanoformulations include polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, microspheres, liposomes and noisomes. Additionally, intranasal devices could be utilized to enhance drug-delivery efficacy. Therefore, intranasal drug-delivery systems show potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases through trigeminal or olfactory pathways, which can significantly improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Someshbabu Ramesh Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Harshith Hosahalli Shekara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Pyda Venkata Harsha Vardhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Nitheesh Thiruppathi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Madhugiri Prakash Venkatesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kaula Lampur, Malaysia
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Yawalkar AN, Pawar MA, Vavia PR. Microspheres for targeted drug delivery- A review on recent applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Henriques P, Fortuna A, Doktorovová S. Spray dried powders for nasal delivery: Process and formulation considerations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:1-20. [PMID: 35568256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Powders for nasal delivery have been recognized as advantageous dosage forms over liquids due to increased stability and residence time on nasal mucosa, with improved bioavailability. They can be manufactured by spray-drying, allowing the optimization of the particle properties that are critical to guarantee nasal deposition, as size and shape. It is also a scalable and flexible method already explored extensively in the pharmaceutical industry. However, it is important to understand how process parameters, particle physical properties and formulation considerations affect the product performance. Hence, this review aims to provide an overview of nasal powder formulation and processing through spray drying, with an emphasis on the variables that impact on performance. To this purpose, we describe the physical, biological and pharmacological phenomena prior to drug absorption as well as the most relevant powder properties. Formulation considerations including qualitative and quantitative composition are then reviewed, as well as manufacturing considerations including spray drying relevant parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Henriques
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; R&D, Drug Product Development, Hovione FarmaCiencia SA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
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Khan I, Lau K, Bnyan R, Houacine C, Roberts M, Isreb A, Elhissi A, Yousaf S. A Facile and Novel Approach to Manufacture Paclitaxel-Loaded Proliposome Tablet Formulations of Micro or Nano Vesicles for Nebulization. Pharm Res 2020; 37:116. [PMID: 32488363 PMCID: PMC7266847 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to develop novel paclitaxel-loaded proliposome tablet formulations for pulmonary drug delivery. Method Proliposome powder formulations (i.e. F1 – F27) were prepared employing Lactose monohydrate (LMH), Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) or Starch as a carbohydrate carriers and Soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC), Hydrogenated soya phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) or Dimyristoly phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) as a phospholipid. Proliposome powder formulations were prepared in 1:5, 1:15 or 1:25 w/w lipid phase to carrier ratio (lipid phase; comprising of phospholipid and cholesterol in 1:1 M ratio) and Paclitaxel (PTX) was used as model anticancer drug. Results Based on flowability studies, out of 27 formulations; F3, F6, and F9 formulations were selected as they exhibited an excellent angle of repose (AOR) (17.24 ± 0.43, 16.41 ± 0.52 and 15.16 ± 0.72°), comparatively lower size of vesicles (i.e. 5.35 ± 0.76, 6.27 ± 0.59 and 5.43 ± 0.68 μm) and good compressibility index (14.81 ± 0.36, 15.01 ± 0.35 and 14.56 ± 0.14) via Carr’s index. The selected formulations were reduced into Nano (N) vesicles via probe sonication, followed by spray drying (SD) to get a dry powder of these formulations as F3SDN, F6SDN and F9SDN, and gave high yield (>53%) and exhibited poor to very poor compressibility index values via Carr’s Index. Post tablet manufacturing, F3 tablets formulation showed uniform weight uniformity (129.40 ± 3.85 mg), good crushing strength (14.08 ± 1.95 N), precise tablet thickness (2.33 ± 0.51 mm) and a short disintegration time of 14.35 ± 0.56 min, passing all quality control tests in accordance with British Pharmacopeia (BP). Upon nebulization of F3 tablets formulation, Ultrasonic nebulizer showed better nebulization time (8.75 ± 0.86 min) and high output rate (421.06 ± 7.19 mg/min) when compared to Vibrating mesh nebulizer. PTX-loaded F3 tablet formulations were identified as toxic (60% cell viability) to cancer MRC-5 SV2 cell lines while safe to normal MRC-5 cell lines. Conclusion Overall, in this study LMH was identified as a superior carbohydrate carrier for proliposome tablet manufacturing in a 1:25 w/w lipid to carrier ratio for in-vitro nebulization via Ultrasonic nebulizer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11095-020-02840-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Khan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Katie Lau
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Ruba Bnyan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Chahinez Houacine
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Matthew Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Abdullah Isreb
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Abdelbary Elhissi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Section, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sakib Yousaf
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
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Sachan N, Bahadur S, Sharma PK. Recent Advances and Novel Approaches for Nose to Brain Drug Delivery for Treatment of Migraine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2210303109666190508083142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Nasal drug delivery has been used since ancient times for therapeutic and recreational
purposes. For the last decades, nasal drug delivery has been extended for drug delivery to the
brain. Therefore, it is important to understand the several physiological and physicochemical factors of
the nose for brain drug delivery.
Objective:
A major highlight of the present review article is the several aspects of the nose to brain delivery
for migraine treatment. This review will help to understand different factors which are needed to
be considered for intra-nasal formulations to achieve the desired therapeutic effects.
Method:
There are different drug delivery routes available for migraine treatment. Nasal route of administration
may be optimal for migraine treatment which has better drug concentration in the brain.
These approaches may be associated with limiting the adverse effects of drug therapeutics.
Results:
A list of total FDA approved approaches has been provided. Novel approaches used for drug
targeting to get maximum drug concentration in the brain have been highlighted. Several novel drug
delivery approaches such as nanoparticle, nanoemulsion, microspheres, etc. have been reported and better
therapeutic effects have been observed. Among the novel approaches, some of them are currently
under either Phase II or Phase III development but may prove to offer better clinical effects. These approaches
would become the alternate choice for migraine treatment with patients experiencing symptoms
consistent with gastrointestinal dysfunction associated with migraine.
Conclusion:
Intra-nasal administration of drugs for migraine treatment may offer an interesting alternative
for achieving therapeutic effects of drugs which are comparable to the parenteral route. Nasal drug
delivery can be an alternative route of drug administration for migraine treatment to achieve better
bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sachan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shiv Bahadur
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Borodina T, Marchenko I, Trushina D, Volkova Y, Shirinian V, Zavarzin I, Kondrakhin E, Kovalev G, Kovalchuk M, Bukreeva T. A novel formulation of zolpidem for direct nose-to-brain delivery: synthesis, encapsulation and intranasal administration to mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 70:1164-1173. [PMID: 29956328 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anxiolytic drug zolpidem was incorporated into the microcontainers based on mesoporous calcium carbonate particles modified by diethylaminoethyl-dextran/hyaluronic acid shell. The release of zolpidem in saline solution and in polymer film modelling nasal mucosa was investigated. The anxiolytic effect of zolpidem upon intranasal administration of microcontainers and free medicine was determined by in vivo experiments on mice. METHODS The structures of all compounds during zolpidem synthesis were established using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The loading efficacy and release kinetics of zolpidem were analysed by spectrophotometry. Surface morphology of formulation was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. To determine the effect of zolpidem-loaded containers administration by the intranasal route in vivo experiments was carried out applying the open field test. KEY FINDINGS Nasal administration of zolpidem in the form of the microcontainers based on mesoporous calcium carbonate particles modified by diethylaminoethyl-dextran/hyaluronic acid shell has a pronounced anxiolytic effect on the behaviour of the animals in the open field test. CONCLUSIONS The polyelectrolyte shell deposited together with zolpidem enhances the loading efficacy of the microcontainers. In vivo experiments on mice demonstrate increase in anxiolytic effect of zolpidem in microcontainers compared with upon intranasal administration of free medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Borodina
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Marchenko
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Trushina
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Volkova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valerii Shirinian
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Zavarzin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Mikhail Kovalchuk
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Bukreeva
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
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Liu T, Han M, Tian F, Cun D, Rantanen J, Yang M. Budesonide nanocrystal-loaded hyaluronic acid microparticles for inhalation: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:1143-1152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ni R, Zhao J, Liu Q, Liang Z, Muenster U, Mao S. Nanocrystals embedded in chitosan-based respirable swellable microparticles as dry powder for sustained pulmonary drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 99:137-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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10
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Investigation of betahistine dihydrochloride biocompatibility and nasal permeability in vitro. J Appl Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Dolberg AM, Reichl S. Expression of P-glycoprotein in excised human nasal mucosa and optimized models of RPMI 2650 cells. Int J Pharm 2016; 508:22-33. [PMID: 27155589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To assess the transmucosal drug transport in the development of medications for intranasal administration, cellular in vitro models are preferred over the use of animal tissues due to inter-species variations and ethical concerns. With regard to the distribution of active agents and multidrug resistance, the ABC transporter P-glycoprotein plays a major role in several mammalian tissues. The present study compares the expression of this efflux pump in optimized in vitro models based on the human RPMI 2650 cell line with specimens of human turbinate mucosa. The presence of the ABCB1 gene was investigated at the mRNA and protein levels using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in differently cultured RPMI 2650 cells and excised human nasal epithelium. Furthermore, the localization and activity of P-gp was examined by immunohistochemical staining and functionality assays using different substrates in both in vitro and ex vivo models. Both mRNA and protein expression of P-gp was found in all studied models. Furthermore, transporter functionality was detected in both RPMI 2650 cell culture models and excised human mucosa. The results demonstrated a highly promising comparability between RPMI 2650 models and explants of human nasal tissue concerning the influence of MDR1 on drug disposition. The RPMI 2650 cell line might become a useful tool in preclinical trials to improve reproducibility and achieve greater applicability to humans of experimental data regarding passive diffusion and active efflux of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Dolberg
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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12
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Sharma N, Tyagi S, Gupta SK, Kulkarni GT, Bhatnagar A, Kumar N. Development and gamma-scintigraphy study of Hibiscus rosasinensis polysaccharide-based microspheres for nasal drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1763-71. [PMID: 27032438 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2016.1173050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work describes the application of natural plant polysaccharide as pharmaceutical mucoadhesive excipients in delivery systems to reduce the clearance rate through nasal cavity. METHODS Novel natural polysaccharide (Hibiscus rosasinensis)-based mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by using emulsion crosslinking method for the delivery of rizatriptan benzoate (RB) through nasal route. Mucoadhesive microspheres were characterized for different parameters and nasal clearance of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-radiolabeled microspheres was determined by using gamma-scintigraphy. RESULTS Their Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that the drug was stable during preparation of microspheres. Aerodynamic diameter of microspheres was in the range 13.23 ± 1.83-33.57 ± 3.69 µm. Change in drug and polysaccharide ratio influenced the mucoadhesion, encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro release property. Scintigraphs taken at regular interval indicate that control solution was cleared rapidly from nasal cavity, whereas microspheres showed slower clearance (p < 0.005) with half-life of 160 min. CONCLUSION Natural polysaccharide-based microspheres achieved extended residence by minimizing effect of mucociliary clearance with opportunity of sustained delivery for longer duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Sharma
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University , Kukatpalli , Hyderabad , India ;,b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Shanu Tyagi
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | | | - Aseem Bhatnagar
- d Department of Nuclear Medicine , Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Timarpur , Delhi , India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- d Department of Nuclear Medicine , Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Timarpur , Delhi , India
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Kalashnikova I, Albekairi N, Ali S, Al Enazy S, Rytting E. Cell Culture Models for Drug Transport Studies. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118833322.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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14
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Kulkarni AD, Vanjari YH, Sancheti KH, Patel HM, Belgamwar VS, Surana SJ, Pardeshi CV. New nasal nanocomplex self-assembled from charged biomacromolecules: N,N,N-Trimethyl chitosan and dextran sulfate. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:476-90. [PMID: 27017981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although chitosan (CHT, a linear cationic polysaccharide) is biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and mucoadhesive in nature, the low solubility of CHT in aqueous and alkaline media limits its applicability in pharmaceutical and biomedical field. This necessitate the introduction of new chemically-modified derivatives of CHT those can surmount the solubility barrier. Herein, N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a quaternized hydrophilic derivative of CHT, was synthesized by two-step reductive methylation of CHT and characterized for (1)H NMR and zeta potential measurements. Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) based on TMC and dextran sulfate (DS) were prepared via ionic interactions between charged functional groups of former polysaccharides at different pH conditions (pH 5, 8, 10, and 12) and characterized for physicochemical (particle size and zeta potential) and solid- state characterizations (HR-TEM, SEM, FTIR, TGA and XRD). At alkaline pH conditions, the participant polymer chains (TMC and DS) are sufficiently close to form more stable PECs. The release efficiency was assessed after loading a model drug into optimized PEC formulation. Data indicated that the PECs fabricated at alkaline pH presents a reliable formulation for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet D Kulkarni
- Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogesh H Vanjari
- Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Karan H Sancheti
- Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harun M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Veena S Belgamwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay J Surana
- Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandrakantsing V Pardeshi
- Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India.
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In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo performance of chitosan-based spray-dried nasal mucoadhesive microspheres of diltiazem hydrochloride. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Badhe RV, Nanda RK, Chejara DR, Choonara YE, Kumar P, du Toit LC, Pillay V. Microwave-assisted facile synthesis of a new tri-block chitosan conjugate with improved mucoadhesion. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:213-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Kumar A, Pandey AN, Jain SK. Nasal-nanotechnology: revolution for efficient therapeutics delivery. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:681-93. [PMID: 24901207 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.920431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT In recent years, nanotechnology-based delivery systems have gained interest to overcome the problems of restricted absorption of therapeutic agents from the nasal cavity, depending upon the physicochemical properties of the drug and physiological properties of the human nose. OBJECTIVE The well-tolerated and non-invasive nasal drug delivery when combined with the nanotechnology-based novel formulations and carriers, opens the way for the effective systemic and brain targeting delivery of various therapeutic agents. To accomplish competent drug delivery, it is imperative to recognize the interactions among the nanomaterials and the nasal biological environment, targeting cell-surface receptors, drug release, multiple drug administration, stability of therapeutic agents and molecular mechanisms of cell signaling involved in patho-biology of the disease under consideration. METHODS Quite a few systems have been successfully formulated using nanomaterials for intranasal (IN) delivery. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), chitosan, polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and PLGA-based nanosystems have also been studied in vitro and in vivo for the delivery of several therapeutic agents which shown promising concentrations in the brain after nasal administration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The use of nanomaterials including peptide-based nanotubes and nanogels (NGs) for vaccine delivery via nasal route is a new approach to control the disease progression. In this review, the recent developments in nanotechnology utilized for nasal drug delivery have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrish Kumar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India
| | - Aditya Nath Pandey
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India
| | - Sunil Kumar Jain
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India
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Mahajan HS, Gundare SA. Preparation, characterization and pulmonary pharmacokinetics of xyloglucan microspheres as dry powder inhalation. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:529-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wong PT, Wang SH, Ciotti S, Makidon PE, Smith DM, Fan Y, Schuler CF, Baker JR. Formulation and characterization of nanoemulsion intranasal adjuvants: effects of surfactant composition on mucoadhesion and immunogenicity. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:531-44. [PMID: 24320221 DOI: 10.1021/mp4005029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective intranasal vaccines is of great interest due to their potential to induce both mucosal and systemic immunity. Here we produced oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) formulations containing various cationic and nonionic surfactants for use as adjuvants for the intranasal delivery of vaccine antigens. NE induced immunogenicity and antigen delivery are believed to be facilitated through initial contact interactions between the NE droplet and mucosal surfaces which promote prolonged residence of the vaccine at the site of application, and thus cellular uptake. However, the details of this mechanism have yet to be fully characterized experimentally. We have studied the physicochemical properties of the NE droplet surfactant components and demonstrate that properties such as charge and polar headgroup geometry influence the association of the adjuvant with the mucus protein, mucin. Association of NE droplets with mucin in vitro was characterized by various biophysical and imaging methods including dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZP), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Emulsion surfactant compositions were varied in a systematic manner to evaluate the effects of hydrophobicity and polar group charge/size on the NE-mucin interaction. Several cationic NE formulations were found to facilitate cellular uptake of the model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), in a nasal epithelial cell line. Furthermore, fluorescent images of tissue sections from mice intranasally immunized with the same NEs containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) antigen demonstrated that these NEs also enhanced mucosal layer penetration and cellular uptake of antigen in vivo. NE-mucin interactions observed through biophysical measurements corresponded with the ability of the NE to enhance cellular uptake. Formulations that enhanced antigen uptake in vitro and in vivo also led to the induction of a more consistent antigen specific immune response in mice immunized with NEs containing OVA, linking NE-facilitated mucosal layer penetration and cellular uptake to enhancement of the immune response. These findings suggest that biophysical measurement of the mucoadhesive properties of emulsion based vaccines constitutes an effective in vitro strategy for selecting NE candidates for further evaluation in vivo as mucosal adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela T Wong
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School , 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Abdel Mouez M, Zaki NM, Mansour S, Geneidi AS. Bioavailability enhancement of verapamil HCl via intranasal chitosan microspheres. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 51:59-66. [PMID: 23999035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan microspheres are potential drug carriers for maximizing nasal residence time, circumventing rapid mucociliary clearance and enhancing nasal absorption. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize chitosan mucoadhesive microspheres of verapamil hydrochloride (VRP) for intranasal delivery as an alternative to oral VRP which suffers low bioavailability (20%) due to extensive first pass effect. The microspheres were produced using a spray-drying and precipitation techniques and characterized for morphology (scanning electron microscopy), particle size (laser diffraction method), drug entrapment efficiency, thermal behavior (differential scanning calorimetry) and crystallinity (X-ray diffractometric studies) as well as in vitro drug release. Bioavailability of nasal VRP microspheres was studied in rabbits and the results were compared to those obtained after nasal, oral and intravenous administration of VRP solution. Results demonstrated that the microspheres were spherical with size 21-53 μm suitable for nasal deposition. The spray-drying technique was superior over precipitation technique in providing higher VRP entrapment efficiency and smaller burst release followed by a more sustained one over 6h. The bioavailability study demonstrated that the nasal microspheres exhibited a significantly higher bioavailability (58.6%) than nasal solution of VRP (47.8%) and oral VRP solution (13%). In conclusion, the chitosan-based nasal VRP microspheres are promising for enhancing VRP bioavailability by increasing the nasal residence time and avoiding the first-pass metabolism of the drug substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh Abdel Mouez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Future University, El-Tagamoa El-Khames, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Sharma N, Kulkarni GT, Sharma A, Bhatnagar A, Kumar N. Natural mucoadhesive microspheres of Abelmoschus esculentus polysaccharide as a new carrier for nasal drug delivery. J Microencapsul 2013; 30:589-98. [PMID: 23379506 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.764941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the preparation and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres, using Abelmoschus esculentus polysaccharide as a novel carrier for safe and effective delivery of rizatriptan benzoate into nasal cavity. The polysaccharide was extracted from the fruit of A. esculentus and mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by emulsification, followed by crosslinking using epichlorohydrin. Prepared microspheres were evaluated for size, morphology, swelling properties, mucoadhesive strength, encapsulation efficiency and drug release. Microspheres were found to release 50% of drug within 15 min and rest of the drug was released within 60 min. The drug release was found to decrease with increasing concentration of polysaccharide. To determine the retention time of the microspheres in the nasal cavity of rabbits, the microspheres were radiolabelled with (99m)Tc and subjected to gamma scintigraphy. The results showed a significant improvement in the nasal retention of the microspheres as compared to the aqueous solution of radiolabelled free-drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpalli, Hyderabad, India.
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Harsha S, Attimard M, Khan TA, Nair AB, Aldhubiab BE, Sangi S, Shariff A. Design and formulation of mucoadhesive microspheres of sitagliptin. J Microencapsul 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.720722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Castile J, Cheng YH, Simmons B, Perelman M, Smith A, Watts P. Development of in vitro models to demonstrate the ability of PecSys®, an in situ nasal gelling technology, to reduce nasal run-off and drip. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:816-24. [PMID: 22803832 PMCID: PMC3619451 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.707210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many of the increasing number of intranasal products available for either local or systemic action can be considered sub-optimal, most notably where nasal drip or run-off give rise to discomfort/tolerability issues or reduced/variable efficacy. PecSys, an in situ gelling technology, contains low methoxy (LM) pectin which gels due to interaction with calcium ions present in nasal fluid. PecSys is designed to spray readily, only forming a gel on contact with the mucosal surface. The present study employed two in vitro models to confirm that gelling translates into a reduced potential for drip/run-off: (i) Using an inclined TLC plate treated with a simulated nasal electrolyte solution (SNES), mean drip length [±SD, n = 10] was consistently much shorter for PecSys (1.5 ± 0.4 cm) than non-gelling control (5.8 ± 1.6 cm); (ii) When PecSys was sprayed into a human nasal cavity cast model coated with a substrate containing a physiologically relevant concentration of calcium, PecSys solution was retained at the site of initial deposition with minimal redistribution, and no evidence of run-off/drip anteriorly or down the throat. In contrast, non-gelling control was significantly more mobile and consistently redistributed with run-off towards the throat. Conclusion In both models PecSys significantly reduced the potential for run-off/drip ensuring that more solution remained at the deposition site. In vivo, this enhancement of retention will provide optimum patient acceptability, modulate drug absorption and maximize the ability of drugs to be absorbed across the nasal mucosa and thus reduce variability in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Castile
- Archimedes Development Ltd, Albert Einstein Centre, Nottingham Science Park, University Boulevard, Nottingham, UK.
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O'Toole MG, Henderson RM, Soucy PA, Fasciotto BH, Hoblitzell PJ, Keynton RS, Ehringer WD, Gobin AS. Curcumin encapsulation in submicrometer spray-dried chitosan/Tween 20 particles. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2309-14. [PMID: 22738300 DOI: 10.1021/bm300564v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optimal curcumin delivery for medicinal applications requires a drug delivery system that both solubilizes curcumin and prevents degradation. To achieve this, curcumin has been encapsulated in submicrometer chitosan/Tween 20 particles via a benchtop spray-drying process. Spray-drying parameters have been optimized using a Taguchi statistical approach to minimize particle size and to favor spheroid particles with smooth surfaces, as evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Nearly spherical particles with 285 ± 30 nm diameter and 1.21 axial ratio were achieved. Inclusion of curcumin in the spray-drying solution results in complete encapsulation of curcumin within the chitosan/Tween 20 particles. Release studies confirm that curcumin can be released completely from the particles over a 2 h period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G O'Toole
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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Privalova AM, Gulyaeva NV, Bukreeva TV. Intranasal administration: a prospective drug delivery route to the brain. NEUROCHEM J+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712412020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Reichl S, Becker K. Cultivation of RPMI 2650 cells as an in-vitro model for human transmucosal nasal drug absorption studies: optimization of selected culture conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1621-30. [PMID: 23058049 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The kinetics of drug absorption for nasally administered drugs are often studied using excised mucosal tissue. To avoid the disadvantages of animal experiments, cellular in-vitro models have been established. This study describes the optimization of culture conditions for a model based on the RPMI 2650 cell line, and an evaluation of this model's value for drug absorption studies. METHODS The cells were cultured in two serum-free media, serum-reduced variants or minimum essential medium (MEM) containing 5-20% serum. Cell seeding efficiency and proliferation behavior were evaluated in addition to viability and attachment following cryopreservation and thawing. Cells were cultured on different filter inserts for varying cultivation times. The epithelial barrier properties were determined by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Permeability was assessed using marker substances. KEY FINDINGS Serum supplementation of medium was necessary for cultivation, whereas the serum concentration showed little impact on proliferation and attachment following cryopreservation. A pronounced dependence of TEER on medium and filter material was observed. An optimized model cultured with MEM containing 10% serum on polyethylene terephthalate exhibited permeability that was similar to excised nasal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that this model could be an appropriate alternative to excised mucosa for the in-vitro evaluation of nasal drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Año G, Esquisabel A, Pastor M, Talavera A, Cedré B, Fernández S, Sifontes S, Aranguren Y, Falero G, García L, Solís RL, Pedraz JL. A new oral vaccine candidate based on the microencapsulation by spray-drying of inactivated Vibrio cholerae. Vaccine 2011; 29:5758-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Xiao D, Davidson PM, Zhong Q. Spray-dried zein capsules with coencapsulated nisin and thymol as antimicrobial delivery system for enhanced antilisterial properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7393-7404. [PMID: 21599034 DOI: 10.1021/jf200774v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Food grade antimicrobial delivery systems were studied in this work to enhance the effectiveness of antimicrobials inhibiting the growth of Listeria monocytogenes during storage. Corn zein was used as a carrier biopolymer and nisin and thymol as antimicrobials. Capsules produced by spray drying demonstrated different microstructures and release characteristics of nisin at different usage levels of thymol. Better release profiles were achieved when glycerol was additionally used to prepare capsules. Capsules showing sustained release of significant amounts of both antimicrobials effectively inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes at pH 6.0 and 30 °C in the growth medium. Capsules were also more effective than free antimicrobials in inhibiting the growth of L. monocytogenes in 2% reduced fat milk at 25 °C. Our work showed that engineered delivery systems have promise to fulfill the antimicrobial effectiveness during shelf life storage of foods to ensure microbiological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Cervera MF, Heinämäki J, de la Paz N, López O, Maunu SL, Virtanen T, Hatanpää T, Antikainen O, Nogueira A, Fundora J, Yliruusi J. Effects of spray drying on physicochemical properties of chitosan acid salts. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:637-49. [PMID: 21560022 PMCID: PMC3134675 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of spray-drying process and acidic solvent system on physicochemical properties of chitosan salts were investigated. Chitosan used in spray dryings was obtained by deacetylation of chitin from lobster (Panulirus argus) origin. The chitosan acid salts were prepared in a laboratory-scale spray drier, and organic acetic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid were used as solvents in the process. The physicochemical properties of chitosan salts were investigated by means of solid-state CP-MAS (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and near-infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of spray-dried chitosan acid salts showed tendency toward higher sphericity when higher temperatures in a spray-drying process were applied. Analysis by XRPD indicated that all chitosan acid salts studied were amorphous solids. Solid-state (13)C NMR spectra revealed the evidence of the partial conversion of chitosan acetate to chitin and also conversion to acetyl amide form which appears to be dependent on the spray-drying process. The FTIR spectra suggested that the organic acids applied in spray drying may interact with chitosan at the position of amino groups to form chitosan salts. With all three chitosan acid salts, the FTIR bands at 1,597 and 1,615 cm(-1) were diminished suggesting that -NH groups are protonated. The FTIR spectra of all chitosan acid salts exhibited ammonium and carboxylate bands at 1,630 and 1,556 cm(-1), respectively. In conclusion, spray drying is a potential method of preparing acid salts from chitosan obtained by deacetylation of chitin from lobster (P. argus) origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Fernández Cervera
- />Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Street 23 # 21425 be/214 and 222, La Coronela, La Lisa, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- />Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- />Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nilia de la Paz
- />Center for Drug Research and Development, Ave 26 # 1605 be/ Boyeros and Puentes Grandes, Plaza de la Revolución, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Orestes López
- />Center for Drug Research and Development, Ave 26 # 1605 be/ Boyeros and Puentes Grandes, Plaza de la Revolución, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Sirkka Liisa Maunu
- />Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Virtanen
- />Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Hatanpää
- />Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Osmo Antikainen
- />Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antonio Nogueira
- />Center for Drug Research and Development, Ave 26 # 1605 be/ Boyeros and Puentes Grandes, Plaza de la Revolución, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Jorge Fundora
- />Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Street 23 # 21425 be/214 and 222, La Coronela, La Lisa, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Jouko Yliruusi
- />Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Kilicarslan M, Ozkan SA, Baykara T. LC Determination of Clindamycin Phosphate from Chitosan Microspheres. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Surini S, Anggriani V, Anwar E. Study of Mucoadhesive Microspheres Based on Pregelatinized Cassava Starch Succinate as a New Carrier for Drug Delivery. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2009.249.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Nagda C, Chotai N, Patel S, Nagda D, Patel U, Soni T. Chitosan microspheres of aceclofenac: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2009; 15:442-51. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450903286503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Alhusban FA, Seville PC. Carbomer-modified spray-dried respirable powders for pulmonary delivery of salbutamol sulphate. J Microencapsul 2009; 26:444-55. [DOI: 10.1080/02652040802456924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Raffin RP, Colombo P, Sonvico F, Rossi A, Jornada DS, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS. Agglomerates containing pantoprazole microparticles: modulating the drug release. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:335-45. [PMID: 19319687 PMCID: PMC2690777 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantoprazole-loaded microparticles were prepared using a blend of Eudragit S100 and Methocel F4M. The accelerated stability was carried out during 6 months at 40 degrees C and 75% relative humidity. In order to improve technological characteristics of the pantoprazole-loaded microparticles, soft agglomerates were prepared viewing an oral delayed release and gastro-resistant solid dosage form. The agglomeration was performed by mixing the pantoprazole microparticles with spray-dried mannitol/lecithin powders. The effects of factors such as the amount of lecithin in the spray-dried mannitol/lecithin powders and the ratio between pantoprazole microparticles and spray-dried mannitol/lecithin powders were evaluated. The pantoprazole-loaded microparticles present no significant degradation in 6 months. The agglomerates presented spherical shape, with smooth surface and very small quantity of non-agglomerated particles. The agglomerates presented different yields (35.5-79.0%), drug loading (58-101%), and mechanical properties (tensile strength varied from 44 to 69 mN mm(-2)), when the spray-dried mannitol/lecithin powders with different lecithin amounts were used. The biopharmaceutical characteristics of pantoprazole microparticles, i.e., their delayed-release properties, were not affected by the agglomeration process. The gastro-resistance of the agglomerates was affected by the amount of spray-dried mannitol/lecithin powders. The ratio of lecithin in the spray-dried mannitol/lecithin powders was the key factor in the agglomerate formation and in the drug release profiles. The agglomerates presenting better mechanical and biopharmaceutical characteristics were prepared with 1:2 (w/w) ratio of pantoprazole-loaded microparticles and mannitol/lecithin (80:20) powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata P Raffin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752/405, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Dhaliwal S, Jain S, Singh HP, Tiwary AK. Mucoadhesive microspheres for gastroretentive delivery of acyclovir: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. AAPS JOURNAL 2008; 10:322-30. [PMID: 18523891 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-008-9039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the potential use of mucoadhesive microspheres for gastroretentive delivery of acyclovir. Chitosan, thiolated chitosan, Carbopol 71G and Methocel K15M were used as mucoadhesive polymers. Microsphere formulations were prepared using emulsion-chemical crosslinking technique and evaluated in vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo. Gelatin capsules containing drug powder showed complete dissolution (90.5 +/- 3.6%) in 1 h. The release of drug was prolonged to 12 h (78.8 +/- 3.9) when incorporated into mucoadhesive microspheres. The poor bioavailability of acyclovir is attributed to short retention of its dosage form at the absorption sites (in upper gastrointestinal tract to duodenum and jejunum). The results of mucoadhesion study showed better retention of thiolated chitosan microspheres (8.0 +/- 0.8 h) in duodenal and jejunum regions of intestine. The results of qualitative and quantitative GI distribution study also showed significant higher retention of mucoadhesive microspheres in upper GI tract. Pharmacokinetic study revealed that administration of mucoadhesive microspheres could maintain measurable plasma concentration of acyclovir through 24 h, as compared to 5 h after its administration in solution form. Thiolated chitosan microsphere showed superiority over the other formulations as observed with nearly 4.0-fold higher AUC(0-24) value (1,090 +/- 51 ng h/ml) in comparison to drug solution (281 +/- 28 ng h/ml). Overall, the result indicated prolonged delivery with significant improvement in oral bioavailability of acyclovir from mucoadhesive microspheres due to enhanced retention in the upper GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Dhaliwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
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Learoyd TP, Burrows JL, French E, Seville PC. Chitosan-based spray-dried respirable powders for sustained delivery of terbutaline sulfate. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 68:224-34. [PMID: 17560772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the preparation of highly dispersible dry powders for pulmonary drug delivery that display sustained drug release characteristics. Powders were prepared by spray-drying 30% v/v aqueous ethanol formulations containing terbutaline sulfate as a model drug, chitosan as a drug release modifier and leucine as an aerosolisation enhancer. The influence of chitosan molecular weight on the drug release profile was investigated by using low, medium and high molecular weight chitosan or combinations thereof. Following spray-drying, resultant powders were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction, tapped density analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravitational analysis. The in vitro aerosolisation performance and drug release profile were investigated using Multi-Stage Liquid Impinger analysis and modified USP II dissolution apparatus, respectively. The powders generated were of a suitable aerodynamic size for inhalation, had low moisture content and were amorphous in nature. The powders were highly dispersible, with emitted doses of over 90% and fine particle fractions of up to 82% of the total loaded dose, and mass median aerodynamic diameters of less than 2.5microm. A sustained drug release profile was observed during dissolution testing; increasing the molecular weight of the chitosan in the formulation increased the duration of drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan P Learoyd
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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38
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Abstract
This review covers recent developments in the area of particle engineering via spray drying. The last decade has seen a shift from empirical formulation efforts to an engineering approach based on a better understanding of particle formation in the spray drying process. Microparticles with nanoscale substructures can now be designed and their functionality has contributed significantly to stability and efficacy of the particulate dosage form. The review provides concepts and a theoretical framework for particle design calculations. It reviews experimental research into parameters that influence particle formation. A classification based on dimensionless numbers is presented that can be used to estimate how excipient properties in combination with process parameters influence the morphology of the engineered particles. A wide range of pharmaceutical application examples—low density particles, composite particles, microencapsulation, and glass stabilization—is discussed, with specific emphasis on the underlying particle formation mechanisms and design concepts.
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39
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Abstract
Chitosan is a partially deacetylated polymer obtained from the alkaline deacetylation of chitin, which is a glucose-based, unbranched polysaccharide that occurs widely in nature as the principal component of exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects, as well as of the cell walls of some bacteria and fungi. Chitosan exhibits a variety of physicochemical and biological properties resulting in numerous applications in fields such as waste water treatment, agriculture, fabric and textiles, cosmetics, nutritional enhancement and food processing. In addition to its lack of toxicity and allergenicity, its biocompatibility, biodegradability and bioactivity make it a very attractive substance for diverse applications as a biomaterial in the pharmaceutical and medical fields. This review takes a closer look at the biomedical applications of chitosan microspheres. Based on recent research and existing products, some new and potential future approaches in this fascinating area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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