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Dinius A, Kozanecka ZJ, Hoffmann KP, Krull R. Intensification of bioprocesses with filamentous microorganisms. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Many industrial biotechnological processes use filamentous microorganisms to produce platform chemicals, proteins, enzymes and natural products. Product formation is directly linked to their cellular morphology ranging from dispersed mycelia over loose clumps to compact pellets. Therefore, the adjustment and control of the filamentous cellular morphology pose major challenges for bioprocess engineering. Depending on the filamentous strain and desired product, optimal morphological shapes for achieving high product concentrations vary. However, there are currently no overarching strain- or product-related correlations to improve process understanding of filamentous production systems. The present book chapter summarizes the extensive work conducted in recent years in the field of improving product formation and thus intensifying biotechnological processes with filamentous microorganisms. The goal is to provide prospective scientists with an extensive overview of this scientifically diverse, highly interesting field of study. In the course of this, multiple examples and ideas shall facilitate the combination of their acquired expertise with promising areas of future research. Therefore, this overview describes the interdependence between filamentous cellular morphology and product formation. Moreover, the currently most frequently used experimental techniques for morphological structure elucidation will be discussed in detail. Developed strategies of morphology engineering to increase product formation by tailoring and controlling cellular morphology and thus to intensify processes with filamentous microorganisms will be comprehensively presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dinius
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Zuzanna J. Kozanecka
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Kevin P. Hoffmann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
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Simultaneous Effect of Ultrasonic and Chemical Treatment on the Extraction of Nanocellulose From Sugarcane Bagasse. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2021. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.24.5.146-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this study was the simultaneous effect of ultrasonic and chemical treatment on the extraction of nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse. Ultrasonic waves can accelerate the dispersion process of nanocellulose particles so that extraction runs faster and is environmentally friendly. The bagasse was treated by chemical treatment with ultrasonic waves, and then the nanocellulose was prepared using acid hydrolysis with ultrasonic waves. The effect of ultrasonication was investigated. The crystallinity of sugarcane bagasse, cellulose, and nanocellulose was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Based on the diffractogram, there was an increase in the crystallinity of nanocellulose. The chemical composition of extracted cellulose and nanocellulose was analyzed by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. The results of the analysis showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed from the bagasse during the extraction process. The analysis results also showed that the breaking of intramolecular hydrogen and glycosidic bonds occurred during the hydrolysis process. The morphology of bagasse, cellulose, and nanocellulose was analyzed by Scanning electron microscopy. While the particle size of nanocellulose was analyzed by the Particle Size Analysis instrument. The average size of nanocellulose particles was 132.67 nm.
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Mura E, Ding Y. Nucleation of melt: From fundamentals to dispersed systems. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 289:102361. [PMID: 33561567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The most evident aspects of a first order transition of a system from an old to a new phase, are the presence of a discontinuity at the interface between both phases and the thermal effects related to the latent heat exchanged with the surrounding environment. These effects are the result of a sequence of events promoted by thermodynamic conditions persisting over the equilibrium in a metastable state. The breakdown of metastability is promoted by infinitesimal energy fluctuations resulting in the germination of clusters of the new phase that can grow to a critical size (nucleus) and then develop or vanish. Examples of these sequences are common in various technological fields such as combustion, food processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, condensation, and phase change heat transfer, etc. This work aims to highlight a logical path that leads the readers from the fundamental phenomenology to the most intricated aspects of the nucleation within dispersed systems such as oil-in-water emulsions. Differences between the homogeneous and heterogeneous mechanisms are, under the light of the Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT), presented in bulk and confined systems until defining a minimum confinement size. By collecting insights coming from a rich scientific literature mostly focused on the stability of emulsified systems, the discussion is then on the aspects related to the surface related mechanisms. Two main aspects are then considered: a) the wettability of the nucleating cluster by the surrounding melt; b) the affinity between the adsorbed layer, where a surfactant is located, and the oil melt phase (mainly n-alkanes and triacylglycerols with different moieties). In cases where nucleation is dominating over the dewetting of the nucleus, the contact angle can be considered as a constant value. The affinity in terms of molecular features between the surfactant and the oil phase can promote the template effect. Several factors seem to play a role in this interaction such as the thermal characteristics of the surfactant and comparable dimensions between the molecule (or fractions) of the dispersed compound and the tail of the surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Mura
- Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Europe GmbH, Kantstr. 162, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yulong Ding
- Birmingham Centre for Energy Storage & School of Chemical Engineering, Univ. of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Particle Size Distribution of Natural Clayey Soils: A Discussion on the Use of Laser Diffraction Analysis (LDA). GEOSCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences10020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Particle size distribution is one of the most significant factors determining physical soil properties. Laser diffraction analysis (LDA) is an alternative method to the traditional hydrometric methods (HM) used to determine particle size distribution in soils. However, significant differences in fraction content are found in relation to the applied methods of a particle size test. Above all, measurements performed by LDA for clayey soils usually produce different results to those based on Stokes’ equation. Methodical problems, such as an appropriate method of dispersing the sample and the selection of LDA calculation theory, also play a significant role in fine soils. This paper contains the results of analyses of Neogene clays from Poland, which are characterized by differentiation with regard to the content of clay fraction particles. In this article, the validity of using laser diffraction analysis (LDA) for the identification and characterization of clayey sediments with common genesis is assessed. The possibility of finding reliable pedotransfer functions to the convert LDA results to a hydrometric analysis is discussed.
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Particle engineering of needle shaped crystals by wet milling and temperature cycling: Optimisation for roller compaction. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gupta D, Hossain KMZ, Ahmed I, Sottile V, Grant DM. Flame-Spheroidized Phosphate-Based Glass Particles with Improved Characteristics for Applications in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture Therapy and Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25972-25982. [PMID: 30011175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical formulation of phosphate-based glasses (PBGs) can be tailored to fit particular end applications such as bone tissue engineering. While most reports to date have evaluated the effect of PBG chemical formulation on bone cells, this study specifically explored the manufacturing process, the changes in physical and chemical properties of PBG particles after flame spheroidization, and subsequent effects on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a prime cell type for regenerative medicine applications. Flame spheroidization involves feeding irregular PBG particles (microparticles, MP) into a hot flame, causing them to melt and mold into solid spherical PBG particles (microspheres, MS). The laser diffraction analysis showed an increase in the volume-weighted mean diameter of particles from 48 to 139 μm after spheroidization and also revealed changes in the chemical composition of smaller MS (< 45 μm in size), whereas MS in other size ranges did not show significantly different chemical composition compared to MP. Additionally, some air bubbles were entrapped inside particles during spheroidization, causing a 2% drop in relative density of MS. However, the packing density of MS was 30% higher than that of MP. Culture of hMSCs on the particles showed significant improvement in cell spreading on MS compared to that on MP and nearly 2 times higher cell metabolic activity after 7 days of culture, suggesting that MS provided a more favorable support and geometry for hMSC attachment and growth for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanak Gupta
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Kazi M Zakir Hossain
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - David M Grant
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
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Kowalska M, Zbikowska A, Wozniak M, Kucharczyk K. Long-term stability of emulsion based on rose oil. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1262777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kowalska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Science, Technology and Design, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, Radom, Poland
| | - Anna Zbikowska
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wozniak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Science, Technology and Design, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, Radom, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Science, Technology and Design, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, Radom, Poland
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Rønnest NP, Stocks SM, Lantz AE, Gernaey KV. Comparison of laser diffraction and image analysis for measurement of Streptomyces coelicolor cell clumps and pellets. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:1465-73. [PMID: 22538546 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-0936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Morphology is important in industrial processes involving filamentous organisms because it affects the mixing and mass transfer and can be linked to productivity. Image analysis provides detailed information about the morphology but, in practice, it is often laborious including both collection of high quality images and image processing. Laser diffraction is rapid and fully automatic and provides a volume-weighted distribution of the particle sizes. However, it is based on a number of assumptions that do not always apply to samples. We have evaluated laser diffraction to measure cell clumps and pellets of Streptomyces coelicolor compare to image analysis. Samples, taken five times during fed-batch cultivation, were analyzed by image analysis and laser diffraction. The volume-weighted size distribution was calculated for each sample. Laser diffraction and image analysis yielded similar size distributions, i.e. unimodal or bimodal distributions. Both techniques produced similar estimations of the population means, whereas the estimates of the standard deviations were generally higher using laser diffraction compared to image analysis. Therefore, laser diffraction measurements are high quality and the technique may be useful when rapid measurements of filamentous cell clumps and pellets are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Petersen Rønnest
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Driemeier C, Oliveira MM, Mendes FM, Gómez EO. Characterization of sugarcane bagasse powders. POWDER TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The production of ‘aerodynamically equivalent’ drug and excipient inhalable powders using a novel fractionation technique. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 77:283-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Evaluation of dynamic image analysis for characterizing pharmaceutical excipient particles. Int J Pharm 2008; 361:150-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kelly RN, DiSante KJ, Stranzl E, Kazanjian JA, Bowen P, Matsuyama T, Matsuyama T, Gabas N. Graphical comparison of image analysis and laser diffraction particle size analysis data obtained from the measurements of nonspherical particle systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2006; 7:69. [PMID: 17025250 PMCID: PMC2750511 DOI: 10.1208/pt070369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to describe results from the use of a set of Excel macros written to facilitate the comparison of image analysis (IA) and laser diffraction (LD) particle size analysis (psa) data. Measurements were made on particle systems of differing morphological characteristics including differing average aspect ratios, particle size distribution widths and modalities. The IA and LD psa data were plotted on the same graph treating both the weighting and the size unit of the LD psa data as unknowns. Congruency of the IA and LD plots was considered to indicate successful experimental determination of the weighting and size unit .The weighting of the resulting LD psa data (so-called volume-weighted) is shown to be better correlated with IA area-weighted data. The size unit of LD psa data is shown to be a function of particle shape. In the case of high aspect ratio particles characterized by approximately rectangular faces the LD psa data is shown to be a function of multiple particle dimensions being related to IA size descriptors through a simple variation of the law of mixtures. The results demonstrate that successful correlations between IA and LD psa data can be realized in the case of non-spherical particle systems even in the case of high aspect ratio particles; however, the inappropriateness of the application of the Equivalent Spherical Volume Diameter and the Random Particle Orientation assumptions to the interpretation of the LD psa results must first be acknowledged. Correlation permits cross validation of IA and LD psa results increasing confidence in the accuracy of the data from each orthogonal technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Kelly
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC Spring House, PA, USA.
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