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Wakabayashi N, Yagishita Y, Joshi T, Kensler TW. Forced Hepatic Expression of NRF2 or NQO1 Impedes Hepatocyte Lipid Accumulation in a Lipodystrophy Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13345. [PMID: 37686150 PMCID: PMC10487640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy is a disorder featuring loss of normal adipose tissue depots due to impaired production of normal adipocytes. It leads to a gain of fat deposition in ectopic tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle that results in steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Previously, we established a Rosa NIC/NIC::AdiCre lipodystrophy model mouse. The lipodystrophic phenotype that included hepatomegaly accompanied with hepatic damage due to higher lipid accumulation was attenuated substantially by amplified systemic NRF2 signaling in mice with hypomorphic expression of Keap1; whole-body Nrf2 deletion abrogated this protection. To determine whether hepatic-specific NRF2 signaling would be sufficient for protection against hepatomegaly and fatty liver development, direct, powerful, transient expression of Nrf2 or its target gene Nqo1 was achieved by administration through hydrodynamic tail vein injection of pCAG expression vectors of dominant-active Nrf2 and Nqo1 in Rosa NIC/NIC::AdiCre mice fed a 9% fat diet. Both vectors enabled protection from hepatic damage, with the pCAG-Nqo1 vector being the more effective as seen with a ~50% decrease in hepatic triglyceride levels. Therefore, activating NRF2 signaling or direct elevation of NQO1 in the liver provides new possibilities to partially reduce steatosis that accompanies lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobunao Wakabayashi
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA or (Y.Y.); (T.J.); (T.W.K.)
| | - Yoko Yagishita
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA or (Y.Y.); (T.J.); (T.W.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tanvi Joshi
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA or (Y.Y.); (T.J.); (T.W.K.)
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA or (Y.Y.); (T.J.); (T.W.K.)
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2
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Deng H, Li J, Shah AA, Ge L, Ouyang W. Comprehensive in-silico analysis of deleterious SNPs in APOC2 and APOA5 and their differential expression in cancer and cardiovascular diseases conditions. Genomics 2023; 115:110567. [PMID: 36690263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variations in APOC2 and APOA5 genes involve activating lipoprotein lipase (LPL), responsible for the hydrolysis of triglycerides (TG) in blood and whose impaired functions affect the TG metabolism and are associated with metabolic diseases. In this study, we investigate the biological significance of genetic variations at the DNA sequence and structural level using various computational tools. Subsequently, 8 (APOC2) and 17 (APOA5) non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) were identified as high-confidence deleterious SNPs based on the effects of the mutations on protein conservation, stability, and solvent accessibility. Furthermore, based on our docking results, the interaction of native and mutant forms of the corresponding proteins with LPL depicts differences in root mean square deviation (RMSD), and binding affinities suggest that these mutations may affect their function. Furthermore, in vivo, and in vitro studies have shown that differential expression of these genes in disease conditions due to the influence of nsSNPs abundance may be associated with promoting the development of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Preliminary screening using computational methods can be a helpful start in understanding the effects of mutations in APOC2 and APOA5 on lipid metabolism; however, further wet-lab experiments would further strengthen the conclusions drawn from the computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Abid Ali Shah
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Lite Ge
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China; Hunan provincial key laboratory of Neurorestoratology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Hunan Province 410013, PR China.
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China.
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3
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Yasser M, Ribback S, Evert K, Utpatel K, Annweiler K, Evert M, Dombrowski F, Calvisi DF. Early Subcellular Hepatocellular Alterations in Mice Post Hydrodynamic Transfection: An Explorative Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020328. [PMID: 36672277 PMCID: PMC9857294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrodynamic transfection (HT) or hydrodynamic tail vein injection (HTVi) is among the leading technique that is used to deliver plasmid genes mainly into the liver of live mice or rats. The DNA constructs are composed of coupled plasmids, while one contains the gene of interest that stably integrate into the hepatocyte genome with help of the other consisting sleeping beauty transposase system. The rapid injection of a large volume of DNA-solution through the tail vein induces an acute cardiac congestion that refluxed into the liver, mainly in acinus zone 3, also found through our EM study. Although, HT mediated hydrodynamic force can permeabilizes the fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium of liver, but the mechanism of plasmid incorporation into the hepatocytes remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we have hydrodynamically injected 2 mL volume of empty plasmid (transposon vector) or saline solution (control) into the tail vein of anesthetized C57BL/6J/129Sv mice. Liver tissue was resected at different time points from two animal group conditions, i.e., one time point per animal (1, 5, 10-20, 60 min or 24 and 48 hrs after HT) or multiple time points per animal (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 min) and quickly fixed with buffered 4% osmium tetroxide. The tissues fed with only saline solution was also resected and fixed in the similar way. EM evaluation from the liver ultrathin sections reveals that swiftly after 1 min, the hepatocytes near to the central venule in the acinus zone 3 shows cytoplasmic membrane-bound vesicles. Such vesicles increased in both numbers and size to vacuoles and precisely often found in the proximity to the nucleus. Further, EM affirm these vacuoles are also optically empty and do not contain any electron dense material. Although, some of the other hepatocytes reveals sign of cell damage including swollen mitochondria, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and disrupted plasma membrane, but most of the hepatocytes appeared normal. The ultrastructural findings in the mice injected with empty vector or saline injected control mice were similar. Therefore, we have interpreted the vacuole formation as nonspecific endocytosis without specific interactions at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Yasser
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Katja Evert
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Annweiler
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Dombrowski
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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4
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Fu Z, Zhang X, Zhou X, Ur-Rehman U, Yu M, Liang H, Guo H, Guo X, Kong Y, Su Y, Ye Y, Hu X, Cheng W, Wu J, Wang Y, Gu Y, Lu SF, Wu D, Zen K, Li J, Yan C, Zhang CY, Chen X. In vivo self-assembled small RNAs as a new generation of RNAi therapeutics. Cell Res 2021; 31:631-648. [PMID: 33782530 PMCID: PMC8169669 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RNAi therapy has undergone two stages of development, direct injection of synthetic siRNAs and delivery with artificial vehicles or conjugated ligands; both have not solved the problem of efficient in vivo siRNA delivery. Here, we present a proof-of-principle strategy that reprogrammes host liver with genetic circuits to direct the synthesis and self-assembly of siRNAs into secretory exosomes and facilitate the in vivo delivery of siRNAs through circulating exosomes. By combination of different genetic circuit modules, in vivo assembled siRNAs are systematically distributed to multiple tissues or targeted to specific tissues (e.g., brain), inducing potent target gene silencing in these tissues. The therapeutic value of our strategy is demonstrated by programmed silencing of critical targets associated with various diseases, including EGFR/KRAS in lung cancer, EGFR/TNC in glioblastoma and PTP1B in obesity. Overall, our strategy represents a next generation RNAi therapeutics, which makes RNAi therapy feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Xinyan Zhou
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Uzair Ur-Rehman
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Mengchao Yu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.412521.1Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Hongyuan Guo
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Xu Guo
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yan Kong
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yangyang Ye
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Xiuting Hu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Cheng
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- grid.440259.e0000 0001 0115 7868Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yayun Gu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng-feng Lu
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dianqing Wu
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Ke Zen
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Jing Li
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Chao Yan
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Xi Chen
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Cheng YW, Chen KW, Kuo HC, Kuo CH, Lin WH, Chen PJ, Yeh SH. Specific diacylglycerols generated by hepatic lipogenesis stimulate the oncogenic androgen receptor activity in male hepatocytes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:2469-2479. [PMID: 31455870 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more prevalent in males than in females, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The influence of hepatic androgen receptor (AR) pathway on the gender difference of HCC has been well documented. Here we investigated the role of hepatic lipogenesis, which is elevated in the livers of obese and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, in stimulating the AR pathway for the male preference of obesity induced HCC. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a fructose-rich high carbohydrate diet (HCD) to induce hepatic lipogenesis. The effect of hepatic lipogenesis on AR was examined by the expression of hydrodynamically injected AR reporter and the endogenous AR target gene; the mechanism was delineated in hepatoma cell lines and validated in male mice. RESULTS The hepatic lipogenesis induced by a fructose-rich HCD enhanced the transcriptional activity of hepatic AR in male mice, which did not happen when fed a high fat diet. This AR activation was blocked by sh-RNAs or inhibitors targeting key enzymes in lipogenesis, either acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha (ACCα), or fatty acid synthase (FASN), in vivo and in vitro. Further mechanistic study identified that specific unsaturated fatty acid, the oleic acid (C18:1 n-9), incorporated DAGs produced by hepatic lipogenesis are the key molecules to enhance the AR activity, through activation of Akt kinase, and this novel mechanism is targeted by metformin. CONCLUSIONS Our study elucidates a novel mechanism underlying the higher risk of HCC in obese/NAFLD males, through specific DAGs enriched by hepatic lipogenesis to increase the transcriptional activity of hepatic AR, a confirmed risk factor for male HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Kuo
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Lin
- NTU Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,NTU Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Hwei Yeh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,NTU Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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6
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Improved Lentiviral Gene Delivery to Mouse Liver by Hydrodynamic Vector Injection through Tail Vein. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:672-683. [PMID: 30092403 PMCID: PMC6083003 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of genes to mouse liver is routinely accomplished by tail-vein injections of viral vectors or naked plasmid DNA. While viral vectors are typically injected in a low-pressure and -volume fashion, uptake of naked plasmid DNA to hepatocytes is facilitated by high pressure and volumes, also known as hydrodynamic delivery. In this study, we compare the efficacy and specificity of delivery of vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G) pseudotyped lentiviral vectors to mouse liver by a number of injection schemes. Exploiting in vivo bioluminescence imaging as a readout after lentiviral gene transfer, we compare delivery by (1) “conventional” tail-vein injections, (2) “primed” injections, (3) “hydrodynamic” injections, or (4) direct “intrahepatic” injections into exposed livers. Reporter gene activity demonstrate potent and targeted delivery to liver by hydrodynamic injections. Enhanced efficacy is confirmed by analysis of liver sections from mice treated with GFP-encoding vectors, demonstrating 10-fold higher transduction rates and gene delivery to ∼80% of hepatocytes after hydrodynamic vector delivery. In summary, lentiviral vector transfer to mouse liver can be strongly augmented by hydrodynamic tail-vein injections, resulting in both reduced off-target delivery and transduction of the majority of hepatocytes. Our findings pave the way for more effective use of lentiviral gene delivery in the mouse.
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7
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Sendra L, Miguel A, Pérez-Enguix D, Herrero MJ, Montalvá E, García-Gimeno MA, Noguera I, Díaz A, Pérez J, Sanz P, López-Andújar R, Martí-Bonmatí L, Aliño SF. Studying Closed Hydrodynamic Models of "In Vivo" DNA Perfusion in Pig Liver for Gene Therapy Translation to Humans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163898. [PMID: 27695064 PMCID: PMC5047531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Expressing exogenous genes after naked DNA delivery into hepatocytes might achieve sustained and high expression of human proteins. Tail vein DNA injection is an efficient procedure for gene transfer in murine liver. Hydrodynamic procedures in large animals require organ targeting, and improve with liver vascular exclusion. In the present study, two closed liver hydrofection models employing the human alpha-1-antitrypsin (hAAT) gene are compared to reference standards in order to evaluate their potential clinical interest. MATERIAL AND METHODS A solution of naked DNA bearing the hAAT gene was retrogradely injected in 7 pig livers using two different closed perfusion procedures: an endovascular catheterization-mediated procedure (n = 3) with infrahepatic inferior vena cava and portal vein blockage; and a surgery-mediated procedure (n = 4) with completely sealed liver. Gene transfer was performed through the suprahepatic inferior cava vein in the endovascular procedure and through the infrahepatic inferior vena cava in the surgical procedure. The efficiency of the procedures was evaluated 14 days after hydrofection by quantifying the hAAT protein copies per cell in tissue and in plasma. For comparison, samples from mice (n = 7) successfully hydrofected with hAAT and healthy human liver segments (n = 4) were evaluated. RESULTS Gene decoding occurs efficiently using both procedures, with liver vascular arrest improving its efficiency. The surgically closed procedure (sealed organ) reached higher tissue protein levels (4x10^5- copies/cell) than the endovascular procedure, though the levels were lower than in human liver (5x10^6- copies/cell) and hydrofected mouse liver (10^6- copies/cell). However, protein levels in plasma were lower (p<0.001) than the reference standards in all cases. CONCLUSION Hydrofection of hAAT DNA to "in vivo" isolated pig liver mediates highly efficient gene delivery and protein expression in tissue. Both endovascular and surgically closed models mediate high tissue protein expression. Impairment of protein secretion to plasma is observed and might be species-related. This study reinforces the potential application of closed liver hydrofection for therapeutic purposes, provided protein secretion improves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sendra
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Miguel
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Enguix
- Servicio de Radiología y Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Imagen GIBI239, IIS La Fe y Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Herrero
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad de Farmacogenética, IIS La Fe y Área Clínica del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva Montalvá
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática y Trasplante, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Noguera
- Servicio Central de Soporte a la Investigación Experimental (SCSIE), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Díaz
- Servicio Central de Soporte a la Investigación Experimental (SCSIE), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Judith Pérez
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pascual Sanz
- CIBER e Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Andújar
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática y Trasplante, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Martí-Bonmatí
- Servicio de Radiología y Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Imagen GIBI239, IIS La Fe y Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador F. Aliño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad de Farmacogenética, IIS La Fe y Área Clínica del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad de Farmacología Clínica, Área Clínica del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Kessler SM, Laggai S, Van Wonterg E, Gemperlein K, Müller R, Haybaeck J, Vandenbroucke RE, Ogris M, Libert C, Kiemer AK. Transient Hepatic Overexpression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Induces Free Cholesterol and Lipid Droplet Formation. Front Physiol 2016; 7:147. [PMID: 27199763 PMCID: PMC4843762 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has been reported to be overexpressed in steatosis and steatohepatitis, a causal role of IGF2 in steatosis development remains elusive. Aim of our study was to decipher the role of IGF2 in steatosis development. Hydrodynamic gene delivery of an Igf2 plasmid used for transient Igf2 overexpression employing codon-optimized plasmid DNA resulted in a strong induction of hepatic Igf2 expression. The exogenously delivered Igf2 had no influence on endogenous Igf2 expression. The downstream kinase AKT was activated in Igf2 animals. Decreased ALT levels mirrored the cytoprotective effect of IGF2. Serum cholesterol was increased and sulfo-phospho-vanillin colorimetric assay confirmed lipid accumulation in Igf2-livers while no signs of inflammation were observed. Interestingly, hepatic cholesterol and phospholipids, determined by thin layer chromatography, and free cholesterol by filipin staining, were specifically increased. Lipid droplet (LD) size was not changed, but their number was significantly elevated. Furthermore, free cholesterol, which can be stored in LDs and has been reported to be critical for steatosis progression, was elevated in Igf2 overexpressing mice. Accordingly, Hmgcr/HmgCoAR was upregulated. To have a closer look at de novo lipid synthesis we investigated expression of the lipogenic transcription factor SREBF1 and its target genes. SREBF1 was induced and also SREBF1 target genes were slightly upregulated. Interestingly, the expression of Cpt1a, which is responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, was induced. Hepatic IGF2 expression induces a fatty liver, characterized by increased cholesterol and phospholipids leading to accumulation of LDs. We therefore suggest a causal role for IGF2 in hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M Kessler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan Laggai
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Elien Van Wonterg
- Inflammation Research Center, VIBGhent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Katja Gemperlein
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIBGhent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Manfred Ogris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Claude Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIBGhent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University Saarbrücken, Germany
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9
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Yokoo T, Kanefuji T, Suda T, Kamimura K, Liu D, Terai S. Site-Specific Impact of a Regional Hydrodynamic Injection: Computed Tomography Study during Hydrodynamic Injection Targeting the Swine Liver. Pharmaceutics 2015; 7:334-43. [PMID: 26389943 PMCID: PMC4588204 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics7030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A hemodynamic study of hydrodynamic gene delivery (HGD) from the tail vein in rodents has inspired a mechanism and an approach to further improve the efficacy of this procedure. However, there is no report on the hemodynamics of a regional HGD, which is an inevitable approach in large animals. Here, we report the hemodynamics of a regional hydrodynamic injection in detail based on 3D volume data and the dynamism of tissue intensity over time by using computed tomography (CT) both during and after a regional hydrodynamic injection that targeted the liver of a pig weighing 15.6 kg. Contrast medium (CM) was injected at a steady speed of 20 mL/s for 7.5 s under the temporal balloon occlusion of the hepatic vein (HV). A retrograde flow formed a wedge-shaped strong enhancement area downstream of the corresponding HV within 2.5 s, which was followed by drainage into another HV beginning from the target area and the portal vein (PV) toward a non-target area of the liver. After the injection, the CM was readily eliminated from the PV outside the target area. These data suggest that an interventional radiology approach is effective in limiting the hydrodynamic impacts in large animals at a target area and that the burden overflowing into the PV is limited. A further investigation that simultaneously evaluates gene delivery efficiency and hemodynamics using CT is needed to establish feasible parameters for a regional HGD in large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yokoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 950-8510, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Kanefuji
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University, 4132 Urasa, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, 949-7392, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University, 4132 Urasa, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, 949-7392, Japan.
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 950-8510, Japan.
| | - Dexi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Sciences, University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 250 W. Green street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 950-8510, Japan.
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10
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Li X, Zhang J, Zhang L, Cheng T, Zhang X. [Research advances on gene therapy for hemophilia A]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2015; 36:620-5. [PMID: 26304093 PMCID: PMC7342641 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
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11
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Abstract
Hydrodynamic delivery (HD) is a broadly used procedure for DNA and RNA delivery in rodents, serving as a powerful tool for gene/protein drug discovery, gene function analysis, target validation, and identification of elements in regulating gene expression in vivo. HD involves a pressurized injection of a large volume of solution into a vasculature. New procedures are being developed to satisfy the need for a safe and efficient gene delivery in clinic. Here, we summarize the fundamentals of HD, its applications, and future perspectives for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Dexi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, School of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA
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12
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Novel therapeutic approaches for various cancer types using a modified sleeping beauty-based gene delivery system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86324. [PMID: 24466025 PMCID: PMC3897668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful gene therapy largely depends on the selective introduction of therapeutic genes into the appropriate target cancer cells. One of the most effective and promising approaches for targeting tumor tissue during gene delivery is the use of viral vectors, which allow for high efficiency gene delivery. However, the use of viral vectors is not without risks and safety concerns, such as toxicities, a host immune response towards the viral antigens or potential viral recombination into the host's chromosome; these risks limit the clinical application of viral vectors. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon-based system is an attractive, non-viral alternative to viral delivery systems. SB may be less immunogenic than the viral vector system due to its lack of viral sequences. The SB-based gene delivery system can stably integrate into the host cell genome to produce the therapeutic gene product over the lifetime of a cell. However, when compared to viral vectors, the non-viral SB-based gene delivery system still has limited therapeutic efficacy due to the lack of long-lasting gene expression potential and tumor cell specific gene transfer ability. These limitations could be overcome by modifying the SB system through the introduction of the hTERT promoter and the SV40 enhancer. In this study, a modified SB delivery system, under control of the hTERT promoter in conjunction with the SV40 enhancer, was able to successfully transfer the suicide gene (HSV-TK) into multiple types of cancer cells. The modified SB transfected cancer cells exhibited a significantly increased cancer cell specific death rate. These data suggest that our modified SB-based gene delivery system can be used as a safe and efficient tool for cancer cell specific therapeutic gene transfer and stable long-term expression.
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Yokoo T, Kamimura K, Suda T, Kanefuji T, Oda M, Zhang G, Liu D, Aoyagi Y. Novel electric power-driven hydrodynamic injection system for gene delivery: safety and efficacy of human factor IX delivery in rats. Gene Ther 2013; 20:816-23. [PMID: 23344066 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of a safe and reproducible gene delivery system is an essential step toward the clinical application of the hydrodynamic gene delivery (HGD) method. For this purpose, we have developed a novel electric power-driven injection system called the HydroJector-EM, which can replicate various time-pressure curves preloaded into the computer program before injection. The assessment of the reproducibility and safety of gene delivery system in vitro and in vivo demonstrated the precise replication of intravascular time-pressure curves and the reproducibility of gene delivery efficiency. The highest level of luciferase expression (272 pg luciferase per mg of proteins) was achieved safely using the time-pressure curve, which reaches 30 mm Hg in 10 s among various curves tested. Using this curve, the sustained expression of a therapeutic level of human factor IX protein (>500 ng ml(-1)) was maintained for 2 months after the HGD of the pBS-HCRHP-FIXIA plasmid. Other than a transient increase in liver enzymes that recovered in a few days, no adverse events were seen in rats. These results confirm the effectiveness of the HydroJector-EM for reproducible gene delivery and demonstrate that long-term therapeutic gene expression can be achieved by automatic computer-controlled hydrodynamic injection that can be performed by anyone.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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14
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Corridon PR, Rhodes GJ, Leonard EC, Basile DP, Gattone VH, Bacallao RL, Atkinson SJ. A method to facilitate and monitor expression of exogenous genes in the rat kidney using plasmid and viral vectors. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F1217-29. [PMID: 23467422 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00070.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has been proposed as a novel alternative to treat kidney disease. This goal has been hindered by the inability to reliably deliver transgenes to target cells throughout the kidney, while minimizing injury. Since hydrodynamic forces have previously shown promising results, we optimized this approach and designed a method that utilizes retrograde renal vein injections to facilitate transgene expression in rat kidneys. We show, using intravital fluorescence two-photon microscopy, that fluorescent albumin and dextrans injected into the renal vein under defined conditions of hydrodynamic pressure distribute broadly throughout the kidney in live animals. We found injection parameters that result in no kidney injury as determined by intravital microscopy, histology, and serum creatinine measurements. Plasmids, baculovirus, and adenovirus vectors, designed to express EGFP, EGFP-actin, EGFP-occludin, EGFP-tubulin, tdTomato-H2B, or RFP-actin fusion proteins, were introduced into live kidneys in a similar fashion. Gene expression was then observed in live and ex vivo kidneys using two-photon imaging and confocal laser scanning microscopy. We recorded widespread fluorescent protein expression lasting more than 1 mo after introduction of transgenes. Plasmid and adenovirus vectors provided gene transfer efficiencies ranging from 50 to 90%, compared with 10-50% using baculovirus. Using plasmids and adenovirus, fluorescent protein expression was observed 1) in proximal and distal tubule epithelial cells; 2) within glomeruli; and 3) within the peritubular interstitium. In isolated kidneys, fluorescent protein expression was observed from the cortex to the papilla. These results provide a robust approach for gene delivery and the study of protein function in live mammal kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Corridon
- Biomolecular Imaging and Biophysics Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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15
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Kim MJ, Ahituv N. The hydrodynamic tail vein assay as a tool for the study of liver promoters and enhancers. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1015:279-89. [PMID: 23824863 PMCID: PMC4096022 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-435-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The hydrodynamic tail vein injection is a technique that is used to deliver nucleic acids into live mice. Delivery through this method results in the in vivo transfection of foreign DNA primarily in the liver. Here, we describe the use of this technique to test for regulatory activity of liver promoters and enhancers, using a dual luciferase reporter system as the readable/measureable output and how this application can be used for pharmacogenomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee J Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of safe and efficient delivery of siRNA remains the greatest hurdle for the therapeutic application of siRNA. This article reports synthesis and evaluation of novel lipoidal amine-based nanocarrier (LANC) formulations for siRNA delivery. METHOD Physicochemical properties were analyzed for LANC formulations. siRNA delivery efficiency of LANC-siRNA complexes was determined using a luciferase reporter gene assay. Cytotoxicity of the LANC-siRNA complexes was measured by the MTS assay. Finally, cellular uptake and cytoplasmic release of siRNA were analyzed using flow cytometry. CONCLUSION The LANC formulation facilitated siRNA uptake and release into the cytoplasm, mediating significant luciferase knockdown (70% inhibition).
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17
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Yan S, Fu Q, Zhou Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Duan X, Jia S, Peng J, Gao B, Du J, Zhou Q, Li Y, Wang X, Zhan L. High levels of gene expression in the hepatocytes of adult mice, neonatal mice and tree shrews via retro-orbital sinus hydrodynamic injections of naked plasmid DNA. J Control Release 2012; 161:763-71. [PMID: 22609275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic-based gene delivery has emerged as an efficient and simple method for the intracellular transfection of naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) in vivo. In this system, a hydrodynamic injection via the tail vein is the most effective non-viral method of liver-targeted gene delivery. However, this injection is often technically challenging when used in animals whose tail veins are difficult to visualize or too small to operate on. To overcome this limitation, an alternative in vivo gene delivery method, the rapid injection of large volume of pDNA solution through retro-orbital sinus, was established. Using this technique, we successfully delivered pDNA to the tissue of adult mice, neonatal mice and tree shrews. The efficient expression of exogenous genes was specifically detected in the liver of test animals treated with this gene delivery method. This study demonstrates for the first time that the hydrodynamic gene delivery via the retro-orbital sinus can not only reach the same transgene efficiency as a tradition hydrodynamic-based intravascular injection but also be used in animals that are difficult to inject via the tail vein. This method could open up new areas in gene function studies and gene therapy disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoduo Yan
- Laboratory of Blood-borne Virus, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27(9) Tai Ping Road, Beijing, China
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18
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Zhou C, Mao Y, Sugimoto Y, Zhang Y, Kanthamneni N, Yu B, Brueggemeier RW, Lee LJ, Lee RJ. SPANosomes as delivery vehicles for small interfering RNA (siRNA). Mol Pharm 2011; 9:201-10. [PMID: 22149175 DOI: 10.1021/mp200426h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonionic surfactant vesicles, or SPANosomes (SPs), comprised of cationic lipid and sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) were synthesized and evaluated as small interfering RNA (siRNA) vectors. The SPs had a mean diameter of less than 100 nm and exhibited excellent colloidal stability. The SP/siRNA complexes possessed a slightly positive zeta potential of 12 mV and demonstrated a high siRNA incorporation efficiency of greater than 80%. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) imaging of the SP/siRNA indicated a predominantly core-shell structure. The SP/siRNA complexes were shown to efficiently and specifically silence expression of both green fluorescent protein (GFP) (66% knockdown) and aromatase (77% knockdown) genes in breast cancer cell lines. In addition, the cellular trafficking pathway of the SP/siRNA was investigated by confocal microscopy using molecular beacons as probes for cytosolic delivery. The results showed efficient endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of the siRNA cargo following internalization of the SP/siRNA complexes. In conclusion, Span 80 is a potent helper lipid, and the SPs are promising vehicles for siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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19
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Li J, Yao Q, Liu D. Hydrodynamic cell delivery for simultaneous establishment of tumor growth in mouse lung, liver and kidney. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12:737-41. [PMID: 21832881 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.8.16442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To mimic advanced stage of cancer development involving multi-organ metastasis, hydrodynamic delivery commonly used in gene transfer was explored for establishing concurrent tumors in the lung, liver and kidney using B16-F1 melanoma cells, 4T1 breast cells and Renca renal carcinoma cells, as a model. The procedure involves a rapid injection into a mouse tail-vein of serum-free medium, containing tumor cells in a volume equal to approximately 7-9% of body weight. Compared to the conventional tail vein injection of tumor cells resulting in tumor growth only in the lung, hydrodynamic injection is highly effective in establishing tumor growth in the liver, kidney and lung. All tumor cells examined including melanoma, breast metastatic, and renal carcinoma cells showed significant tumor growth in these organs. These results suggest that the hydrodynamic delivery can be a valuable tool for modeling cancer in laboratory animals, especially in experimental mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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