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Li W, Fu Y, Picard F. Inclusion of dilution quality control samples in quantitative LC-MS bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2024:1-3. [PMID: 39324496 DOI: 10.1080/17576180.2024.2352253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In LC-MS bioanalysis, sample dilution plays various roles, including bringing analyte concentrations within the validated/qualified dynamic range or alleviating matrix effect for accurate determination of the target analyte(s) in the intended study samples. Adherence to health authority requirements, incorporating good dilution practices, and timely demonstration of dilution integrity whenever samples are diluted in an analytical run are essential to ensure the reliability of bioanalytical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkui Li
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Yunlin Fu
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Franck Picard
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, CH-4056Basel, Switzerland
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Barone R, Conti M, Giorgi B, Gatti M, Cojutti PG, Viale P, Pea F. Fast and Sensitive Analysis of Fosfomycin in Human Plasma Microsamples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Ther Drug Monit 2024; 46:384-390. [PMID: 38018880 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fosfomycin is an antibiotic recently repurposed as a potential combination treatment for difficult-to-treat Gram-negative bacterial infections. The pharmacokinetic features of fosfomycin have demonstrated that different pathophysiologic alterations may affect its exposure. Therapeutic drug monitoring may improve real-time management of fosfomycin therapy in different clinical scenarios. OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a fast and sensitive liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method for measuring fosfomycin in human plasma microsamples (3 µL). METHODS Analysis was preceded by a user-friendly pre-analytical single-step process performed via a rapid chromatographic run of 2.5 minutes, followed by negative electrospray ionization and detection on a high-sensitivity triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. European Medicines Agency guidelines were used to validate the specificity, sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, matrix effects, extraction recovery, limits of quantification, and stability of the analytical method. RESULTS The new assay produced accurate (BIAS%: 0.9-9.1) and precise (coefficient of variation [CV]%: 8.1-9.5) measurements of fosfomycin over a concentration range of 1-1000 mg/L. Overall, analyte recovery was consistent (mean values: 91.2%-97.2%) at all tested concentration levels. The analyte was also stable in human plasma and the final extract under various storage conditions. The clinical applicability of the assay was confirmed through quantitation of plasma samples obtained from patients. CONCLUSIONS A sensitive liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method for measuring fosfomycin in plasma was developed and validated according to the European Medicines Agency criteria. Quantitation of fosfomycin in clinical plasma samples confirmed that the assay is suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Barone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Conti
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and
| | - Beatrice Giorgi
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and
| | - Milo Gatti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and
| | - Pier Giorgio Cojutti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Pea
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and
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Validation and application of hybridization liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods for quantitative bioanalysis of antisense oligonucleotides. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:589-601. [PMID: 35545949 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), an emerging modality in drug research and development, demands accurate and sensitive bioanalysis to understand its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Results: By combining the advantages of both ligand binding and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/tandem mass (LC-MS/MS), hybridization LC-MS/MS methods were successfully developed and validated/qualified in a good lab practice (GLP) environment for the quantitation of an ASO drug candidate in monkey serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and tissues in the range of 0.5-500 ng/ml. Special treatment of CSF samples was employed to mitigate nonspecific binding, improve long-term storage stability and enable the usage of artificial CSF as a more accessible surrogate matrix. The method was also qualified and applied to ASO quantitation in various monkey tissue samples using a cocktail tissue homogenate as a surrogate matrix. Conclusion: This work was the first reported GLP validation and application of ASO bioanalysis using the hybridization LC-MS/MS platform.
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Comparison of a newly developed high performance liquid chromatography method with diode array detection to a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of cabozantinib, dabrafenib, nilotinib and osimertinib in human serum - Application to therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Biochem 2022; 105-106:35-43. [PMID: 35483452 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a highly selective and sensitive method for the quantification of kinase inhibitors, yet not widely available in clinical routine for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). To provide a more accessible alternative, a high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet/diode array detection (HPLC-UV/DAD) to quantify cabozantinib, dabrafenib, nilotinib and osimertinib, was developed and validated. Results were compared to LC-MS/MS. METHOD After liquid-liquid-extraction and reconstitution of the residue in 20 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) (pH4.6), acetonitrile and methanol (50:25:25,v/v/v), chromatographic separation was achieved in 20.0 min using a Luna® C18(2)-HST column (100 × 2 mm, 2.5 μm), protected by a C18 guard column (4 × 2 mm) (column temperature: 30 °C, autosampler: 10 °C). Mobile phase A and B consisted of 20 mM KH2PO4 (pH4.9) and acetonitrile (9:1,v/v) and acetonitrile:20 mM KH2PO4 (pH4.9) (7:3,v/v), respectively. Gradient elution was performed at 200 µL/min. Analytes were quantified at 250, 280 and 330 nm, using sorafenib as internal standard. RESULTS Calibration curves were linear (35-2,000 ng/mL). Method validation assays met requirements by U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. Compared to the more sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS, HPLC-UV/DAD showed a good correlation and a strong positive association (Kendall's tau 0.811¬-0.963, p < 0.05). Bland-Altman-plots revealed 100% (cabozantinib), 98.6% (dabrafenib), 98.6% (nilotinib) and 96.2% (osimertinib) of relative differences inside the limits of agreement. Regulatory agency criteria for sample reanalysis and cross validation were met (±20%-criterion:100% (cabozantinib), 94.3% (dabrafenib), 92% (nilotinib) and 84.6% (osimertinib). CONCLUSION The developed HPLC-UV/DAD method is "fit-for-TDM" in clinical routine and serves as a genuine alternative to LC-MS/MS.
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Yang CJ, Chung WH, Ding WH. Optimization of double-vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion for the rapid determination of paraben preservative residues in leafy vegetables. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35557-35564. [PMID: 35515645 PMCID: PMC9056883 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05658h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of preservatives during the growth, transport and storage of vegetables has been a concern because of their known or suspected toxicity that jeopardizes human health. This paper reports the development of a technique that rapidly determines the presence of five paraben preservative residues in leafy vegetables using double-vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (DVA-MSPD) and UHPLC-electrospray ionization(-)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection. We simplified the original MSPD technique by eliminating the use of mortar/pestle and SPE-column procedures. The DVA-MSPD factors were screened by a multilevel categorical design, and then optimized by Box-Behnken Design plus response surface methodology. The limits of quantification were 1.2-1.8 ng g-1 (dry weight). The satisfactory average recoveries were 85-104% with RSDs less than 10%. The developed method was successfully employed for the rapid determination of selected paraben residues at trace-level in leafy vegetable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ju Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University Chung-Li 320 Taiwan +886-3-4227664 +886-3-4227151 ext. 65905
| | - Wu-Hsun Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University Chung-Li 320 Taiwan +886-3-4227664 +886-3-4227151 ext. 65905
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Army Academy ROC Chung-Li 320 Taiwan
| | - Wang-Hsien Ding
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University Chung-Li 320 Taiwan +886-3-4227664 +886-3-4227151 ext. 65905
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Vogeser M, Stone JA. A suggested standard for validation of LC-MS/MS based analytical series in diagnostic laboratories. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY (DEL MAR, CALIF.) 2020; 16:25-32. [PMID: 34820517 PMCID: PMC8600988 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
•Policies applied to confirm LC-MS/MS-based results differ between laboratories.•We suggest a systematic approach for validation of individual diagnostic series.•An individual series validation plan can be established with a checklist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vogeser
- Hospital of the University of Munich (LMU), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith A. Stone
- University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, Laboratory Medicine, Parnassus Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Determination of KD025 (SLx-2119), a Selective ROCK2 Inhibitor, in Rat Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and its Pharmacokinetic Application. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061369. [PMID: 32192179 PMCID: PMC7144358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
KD025 (SLx-2119), the first specific Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) inhibitor, is a potential new drug candidate currently undergoing several phase 2 clinical trials for psoriasis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic graft-versus-host disease, and systemic sclerosis. In this study, a bio-analytical method was developed and fully validated for the quantification of KD025 in rat plasma and for application in pharmacokinetic studies. KD025 and GSK429286A (the internal standard) in rat plasma samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with m/z transition values of 453.10 → 366.10 and 433.00 → 178.00, respectively. The method was fully validated according to the United State Food and Drug Administration guidelines in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, matrix effects, extraction recovery, and stability. The method enabled the quantification of KD025 levels in rat plasma following oral administration of 5 mg/kg KD025 and intravenous administration of 2 mg/kg KD025 to rats, respectively. Our findings suggest that the developed method is practical and reliable for pharmacokinetic studies of KD025 in preclinical animals.
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Recommendations and best practices for calibration curves in quantitative LC-MS bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2020; 11:1375-1377. [PMID: 31490108 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Booth B, Vazvaei F, Fluhler E, Myler H, Woolf E. AAPS Workshop Report on ICH M10. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 22:10. [PMID: 31823177 PMCID: PMC6904406 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, several regulatory guidelines on bioanalytical method validation (BMV) have been issued by regulatory agencies around the world. This has left the bioanalytical community struggling with regional differences in regulatory expectations when preparing for global pharmaceutical submissions. The International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) has the mission to achieve greater harmonization worldwide to ensure that safe, effective, and high-quality medicines are developed and registered in the most resource-efficient manner. Following calls for harmonization, ICH-selected bioanalytical method validation and sample analysis among its topics for guidance development and earlier this year released a draft guideline (M10) on BMV for public consultation. In response, the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) held a 3-day workshop to provide a forum for regulatory, industry, and academic scientists to discuss the guideline and hear various points of view on key aspects. While there was agreement that the draft guideline is generally well written and comprehensive, specific topics generated considerable discussion and, in some cases, revision recommendations for consideration by the expert working group (EWG) responsible for the guideline content. This report provides a summary of the workshop proceedings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Booth
- Office of Translational Sciences, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, CDER, US FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Faye Vazvaei
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Eric Fluhler
- BA-PK Compliance Associates, LLC, Washingtonville, New York, USA
| | - Heather Myler
- Immunochemistry Department, PPD Laboratories, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Eric Woolf
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Abstract
Two case studies are presented of validated assays where the internal standard showed high variability, and there was a clear response difference between study samples and standards and quality controls. In the first case a co-eluting peak boosted the stable isotope labeled internal standard response in samples from hepatically impaired subjects. In the second case the blank plasma matrix suppressed the structural analog internal standard response. For both assays the issue could be resolved by adapting the chromatographic conditions and re-validating the assay (case 1) or by diluting the study samples with blank plasma (case 2).
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Ivison FM, Hinchliffe E, Howarth N, Pickersgill M, Tetlow L. Development of a mass spectrometry method for 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 using immunoextraction sample preparation. Ann Clin Biochem 2019; 56:646-653. [PMID: 31037955 DOI: 10.1177/0004563219847225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 (DHVD) is the active metabolite of vitamin D, required to maintain blood calcium concentrations. Measurement has proved challenging as it circulates in picomolar concentrations and must be differentiated from other dihydroxyvitamin D species. Clinically, it is essential to be able to determine the cause of hypercalcaemia, which may be due to DHVD excess. Methods The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) assay which has been developed uses immunoextraction of 0.5 mL serum followed by Amplifex™ derivatization of the dried eluent, with the analysis using the SCIEX 6500+ instrument taking a run time of 11 min. Results The limit of quantitation was determined (15 pmol/L) and the method is linear up to at least 600 pmol/L. Repeatability ranged from 6.1% at 23 pmol/L to 2.5% at 172 pmol/L and intermediate imprecision was 15.6% at 26 pmol/L to 8.3% at 173 pmol/L. The method is unaffected by icterus, haemolysis or lipaemia. Good performance was achieved with the samples from the vitamin D external quality assessment scheme, demonstrating a negative bias compared with the all lab trimmed mean (average –13.8%) and the specific method group (average –7.75%). A negative bias was observed across the concentration range found in 78 patient samples in comparison to a commercial radioimmunoassay (mean –47.8%). This was not unexpected and is likely due to better specificity of the mass spectrometry assay and the lack of a commutable standard reference calibrator. Conclusions We have developed a sensitive and robust LCMS method for the analysis of DHVD in serum, utilizing immunoextraction and derivatization to provide specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Ivison
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Edward Hinchliffe
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Howarth
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Mandy Pickersgill
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lesley Tetlow
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Development of an UPLC-MS/MS micromethod for quantitation of cinitapride in plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic interaction trial. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:569-579. [PMID: 28225297 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cinitapride (CIN) is a benzamide-derived molecule used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and dyspepsia. Its pharmacokinetics are controversial due to the use of supratherapeutic doses and the lack of sensitive methodology. Therefore, a sensitive and accurate micromethod was developed for its quantitation in human plasma. RESULTS CIN was extracted from 300 µl of heparinized plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using cisapride as internal standard, and analyzed with an ultra performance liquid chromatograph employing positive multiple-reaction monitoring-MS. CONCLUSION The method proved to be rapid, accurate and stable within a range between 50 and 2000 pg/ml and was successfully validated and applied in a pharmacokinetic interaction trial, where it was demonstrated that oral co-administration of simethicone does not modify the bioavailability of CIN.
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2016 White Paper on recent issues in bioanalysis: focus on biomarker assay validation (BAV) (Part 1 - small molecules, peptides and small molecule biomarkers by LCMS). Bioanalysis 2016; 8:2363-2378. [PMID: 27712081 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2016 10th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (10th WRIB) took place in Orlando, Florida with participation of close to 700 professionals from pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, contract research organizations, and regulatory agencies worldwide. WRIB was once again a 5-day, weeklong event - A Full Immersion Week of Bioanalysis including Biomarkers and Immunogenicity. As usual, it was specifically designed to facilitate sharing, reviewing, discussing and agreeing on approaches to address the most current issues of interest including both small and large molecule analysis involving LCMS, hybrid LBA/LCMS, and LBA approaches, with the focus on biomarkers and immunogenicity. This 2016 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop, and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. This white paper is published in 3 parts due to length. This part (Part 1) discusses the recommendations for small molecules, peptides and small molecule biomarkers by LCMS. Part 2 (Hybrid LBA/LCMS and regulatory inputs from major global health authorities) and Part 3 (large molecule bioanalysis using LBA, biomarkers and immunogenicity) will be published in the Bioanalysis journal, issue 23.
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Bhateria M, Ramakrishna R, Pakala DB, Bhatta RS. Development of an LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of memantine and donepezil in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1001:131-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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How can chromatographic baseline integration parameters be objectively established in the bioanalytical laboratory? Bioanalysis 2015; 7:931-3. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
Methods started in discovery are optimized as they progress through preclinical and clinical development. Making a robust assay includes testing individual steps for consistency and points of failure. Assays may be transferred, optimized and revalidated several times. A rugged assay will not only meet regulatory requirements, but will execute with a low failure rate and confirm results under repeat analysis. Challenging aspects such as differential recovery, sample stabilization, resolution of isomers or conjugate analysis must be tackled and made routine. The proper selection of the IS can overcome limitations. It is best to know the potential points of failure before a study has started, but lessons learned from each study also provide invaluable insights to improve assay ruggedness.
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Simultaneous determination of azilsartan and chlorthalidone in rat and human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 990:185-97. [PMID: 25899870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Azilsartan medoxomil (AZM), an ester prodrug of azilsartan (AZ), and chlorthalidone (CLT) have recently been approved as a combination therapy for the management of hypertension. This is the first report which described a selective and sensitive method for the simultaneous quantification of AZ and CLT in rat and human plasma using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). AZ and CLT were extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction technique and separated on a C18 reverse phase column using ammonium acetate (10mM, pH 4)-mixture of methanol and acetonitrile (8:92, v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7mL/min. Detection was performed by electrospray ionization (ESI) operated in negative multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of this method was 1ng/mL and the calibration curves were linear (r(2)≥0.995) over the concentration range of 1-4000ng/mL for both the analytes. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were well within the acceptable limits. The mean extraction recoveries were found to be about 80% and no matrix effect was observed. AZ and CLT were found to be stable under all relevant storage conditions. The method was successfully applied to the oral pharmacokinetic study of AZM and CLT in rats. Further, the sensitivity of the method enabled the determination of protein binding of AZ and CLT in human plasma.
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Timmerman P, Arnold M, DeSilva B, Garofolo F, Golob M, van Amsterdam P, Kudoh S, Singhal P, Tang D, Riccio MF, Barrientos R, Savale S, Kurokawa T. Introduction to the proposals from the global bioanalysis consortium harmonization team. AAPS J 2014; 16:1159-61. [PMID: 25274604 PMCID: PMC4389736 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Timmerman
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg, 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium,
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European Bioanalysis Forum: recommendation for dealing with internal standard variability. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2767-74. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate monitoring of internal standard (IS) response across an analytical run and identification of anomalies is now a common expectation. However, the means to conduct this assessment in an appropriate manner is unclear and differs widely between laboratories. A European Bioanalysis Forum (EBF) topic team was formed to survey current practices within European Bioanalysis Forum member companies and to recommend a best practice approach for dealing with IS response variability.
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