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Pasupuleti D, Bagwe P, Ferguson A, Uddin MN, D'Souza MJ, Zughaier SM. Evaluating Nanoparticulate Vaccine Formulations for Effective Antigen Presentation and T-Cell Proliferation Using an In Vitro Overlay Assay. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1049. [PMID: 39340079 PMCID: PMC11435973 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12091049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Inducing T lymphocyte (T-cell) activation and proliferation with specificity against a pathogen is crucial in vaccine formulation. Assessing vaccine candidates' ability to induce T-cell proliferation helps optimize formulation for its safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. Our in-house vaccine candidates use microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance antigen stability and target delivery to antigen-presenting cells (APCs), providing improved immunogenicity. Typically, vaccine formulations are screened for safety and immunostimulatory effects using in vitro methods, but extensive animal testing is often required to assess immunogenic responses. We identified the need for a rapid, intermediate screening process to select promising candidates before advancing to expensive and time-consuming in vivo evaluations. In this study, an in vitro overlay assay system was demonstrated as an effective high-throughput preclinical testing method to evaluate the immunogenic properties of early-stage vaccine formulations. The overlay assay's effectiveness in testing particulate vaccine candidates for immunogenic responses has been evaluated by optimizing the carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) T-cell proliferation assay. DCs were overlaid with T-cells, allowing vaccine-stimulated DCs to present antigens to CFSE-stained T-cells. T-cell proliferation was quantified using flow cytometry on days 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 upon successful antigen presentation. The assay was tested with nanoparticulate vaccine formulations targeting Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CDC F62, FA19, FA1090), measles, H1N1 flu prototype, canine coronavirus, and Zika, with adjuvants including Alhydrogel® (Alum) and AddaVax™. The assay revealed robust T-cell proliferation in the vaccine treatment groups, with variations between bacterial and viral vaccine candidates. A dose-dependent study indicated immune stimulation varied with antigen dose. These findings highlight the assay's potential to differentiate and quantify effective antigen presentation, providing valuable insights for developing and optimizing vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedeepya Pasupuleti
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Priyal Bagwe
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Amarae Ferguson
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Mohammad N Uddin
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Martin J D'Souza
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Susu M Zughaier
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2731, Qatar
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2
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Boosting In-Vivo Anti-Tumor Immunity with an Oral Microparticulate Breast Cancer Vaccine and Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030543. [PMID: 36992127 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells express antigens that should induce immune-mediated rejection; however, spontaneous rejection of established tumors is rare. Recent evidence suggests that patients suffering from cancer exhibit an elevation in regulatory T cells population, a subset of CD4+ T cells, which suppress tumor recognition and elimination by cytotoxic T cells. This study investigates immunotherapeutic strategies to overcome the immunosuppressive effects exerted by regulatory T cells. A novel immunotherapeutic strategy was developed by simultaneous administration of oral microparticulate breast cancer vaccines and cyclophosphamide, a regulatory T cell inhibitor. Breast cancer vaccine microparticles were prepared by spray drying, and administered orally to female mice inoculated with 4TO7 murine breast cancer cells in combination with a low dose of intraperitoneally administered cyclophosphamide. Mice receiving the combination of vaccine microparticles and cyclophosphamide exhibited maximal tumor regression and the highest survival rate compared with the control groups. This study highlights the importance of cancer vaccination along with regulatory T cell depletion in cancer therapy, and suggests that a low dose of cyclophosphamide that specifically and significantly depletes regulatory T cells may be a highly effective immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer.
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Menon I, Kang SM, Braz Gomes K, Uddin MN, D'Souza M. Laser-assisted intradermal delivery of a microparticle vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus induces a robust immune response. Vaccine 2023; 41:1209-1222. [PMID: 36631361 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an infectious disease that poses a significant public health risk in young children. Vaccine studies conducted in the 1960s using an intramuscular injection of formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (Fi-RSV) resulted in an enhanced respiratory disease and led to the failure of the vaccine. Thus, the virus-like particles (VLP) of the RSV fusion (F) protein was used as the vaccine antigen in this study. The F-VLP was encapsulated in a microparticle (MP) matrix composed of cross-linked bovine serum albumin (BSA) to enhance the antigen presentation and uptake. Moreover, a painless vaccination method would be desirable for an infectious disease that mainly affects young children. Thus, an ablative laser device, Precise Laser Epidermal System (P.L.E.A.S.E), was utilized to create micropores on the skin for vaccine delivery. We observed enhanced antigen presentation of the vaccine microparticles (F-VLP MP) with and without the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL-A) MP in dendritic cells. Consequently, Swiss Webster mice were immunized with the adjuvanted vaccine microparticles using the P.L.E.A.S.E laser to study the in vivo immunogenicity. The immunized mice had high serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgG2a) levels, indicating a Th1 response. Subsequent analysis of lung homogenates post- RSV challenge revealed high IgA, indicating generation of a mucosal immune response upon intradermal immunization. Flowcytometry analysis showed high CD8+, and CD4+ expression in the lymph node and spleen of the adjuvanted vaccine microparticle immunized mice. Increased expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the spleen cells further proved Th1 polarized immune response. Finally, an immune plaque assay indicated significantly low lung viral titer in the mice immunized with intradermal adjuvanted vaccine microparticles. Thus, ablative laser-assisted immunization with the F-VLP based adjuvanted vaccine microparticles could be a promising vaccine candidate for RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipshita Menon
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Sang Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Keegan Braz Gomes
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Mohammad N Uddin
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Martin D'Souza
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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4
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Zaman RU, Gala RP, Bansal A, Bagwe P, D'Souza MJ. Preclinical evaluation of a microparticle-based transdermal vaccine patch against metastatic breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Lashkari A, Ranjbar R. Nanoparticles and nanoformulated drugs as promising delivery system in treatment of microbial-induced CNS infection: a systematic review of literature. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:542-549. [PMID: 34227045 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-00994-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infection is a global health problem with high rate of mortality and associated morbidities. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa parasites are the main cause of CNS infection. Various medications are currently used for treatment of brain infections, but most of them do not have enough efficiency because the majority of conventional drugs cannot pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to combat the pathogens. Nanotechnology has provided promising approaches to solve this issue, since nanoparticles (NPs) can facilitate the drugs entrance through the BBB. Herein, we systematically reviewed all available literature to provide evidences for practicality of NPs in treatment of CNS infection. A systematic literature search was performed on January 29, 2021, in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, Ovid, and Google Scholar using "CNS infections" and "NPs/nanoformulation" including all their equivalent terms as keyword. Due to lack of human studies, no strict inclusion criteria were defined, and all relevant documents were included. After several steps of article selection, a total of 29 documents were collected and used for data synthesis. The results showed that drug-loaded NPs is fairly safe and can be a promising approach in developing anti-infective agents for treatment of CNS infection, since nanoformulated drugs could act up to tenfold more efficient that drug alone. Findings of this review indicate the importance of NPs and nanoformulation of drugs to enhance the efficiency of treatment and warrant the safety of treatment in human studies; however, clinical trials are required to confirm such efficiency and safety in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Lashkari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Morelli L, Polito L, Richichi B, Compostella F. Glyconanoparticles as tools to prevent antimicrobial resistance. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:475-490. [PMID: 33728545 PMCID: PMC7964520 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The increased phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance and the slow pace of development of new antibiotics are at the base of a global health concern regarding microbial infections. Antibiotic resistance kills an estimated 700,000 people each year worldwide, and this number is expected to increase dramatically if efforts are not made to develop new drugs or alternative containment strategies. Increased vaccination coverage, improved sanitation or sustained implementation of infection control measures are among the possible areas of action. Indeed, vaccination is one of the most effective tools of preventing infections. Starting from 1970s polysaccharide-based vaccines against Meningococcus, Pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae type b have been licensed, and provided effective protection for population. However, the development of safe and effective vaccines for infectious diseases with broad coverage remains a major challenge in global public health. In this scenario, nanosystems are receiving attention as alternative delivery systems to improve vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity. In this report, we provide an overview of current applications of glyconanomaterials as alternative platforms in the development of new vaccine candidates. In particular, we will focus on nanoparticle platforms, used to induce the activation of the immune system through the multivalent-displacement of saccharide antigens. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Polito
- National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Federica Compostella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Wang ZB, Xu J. Better Adjuvants for Better Vaccines: Progress in Adjuvant Delivery Systems, Modifications, and Adjuvant-Antigen Codelivery. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010128. [PMID: 32183209 PMCID: PMC7157724 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional aluminum adjuvants can trigger strong humoral immunity but weak cellular immunity, limiting their application in some vaccines. Currently, various immunomodulators and delivery carriers are used as adjuvants, and the mechanisms of action of some of these adjuvants are clear. However, customizing targets of adjuvant action (cellular or humoral immunity) and action intensity (enhancement or inhibition) according to different antigens selected is time-consuming. Here, we review the adjuvant effects of some delivery systems and immune stimulants. In addition, to improve the safety, effectiveness, and accessibility of adjuvants, new trends in adjuvant development and their modification strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Xu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(10)-5224-5008
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Novel Whole-Cell Inactivated Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Microparticles as Vaccine Formulation in Microneedle-Based Transdermal Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030060. [PMID: 30181504 PMCID: PMC6161099 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a strict human pathogen responsible for more than 100 million new sexually transmitted infections worldwide each year. Due to the global emergence of antibiotic resistance, the Center for Disease control (CDC) recently listed N. gonorrhoeae as an urgent threat to public health. No vaccine is available in spite of the huge disease burden and the possibility of untreatable gonorrhea. The aim of this study is to investigate the immunogenicity of a novel whole-cell-based inactivated gonococcal microparticle vaccine formulation loaded in dissolvable microneedles for transdermal administration. The nanotechnology-based vaccine formulation consists of inactivated whole-cell gonococci strain CDC-F62, spray dried and encapsulated into biodegradable cross-linked albumin matrix with sustained slow antigen release. The dry vaccine nanoparticles were then loaded in a dissolvable microneedle skin patch for transdermal delivery. The efficacy of the whole-cell microparticles vaccine formulation loaded in microneedles was assessed in vitro using dendritic cells and macrophages as well as in vivo mouse model. Antibody titers were measured using an enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and antigen-specific T lymphocytes were assessed in spleens and lymph nodes. Here we report that whole-cell-based gonococcal microparticle vaccine loaded in dissolvable microneedles for transdermal administration induced significant increase in antigen-specific IgG antibody titers and antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in mice compared to gonococcal antigens in solution or empty microneedles. Significant increase in antigen-specific IgG antibody levels was observed at the end of week 2 in groups that received the vaccine compared to the group receiving empty nanoparticles. The advantages of using formalin-fixed whole-cell gonococci that all immunogenic epitopes are covered and preserved from degradation. The spherical shaped micro and nanoparticles are biological mimics of gonococci, therefore present to the immune system as invaders but without the ability to suppress adaptive immunity. In conclusion, the transdermal delivery of microparticles vaccine via a microneedle patch was shown to be an effective system for vaccine delivery. The novel gonorrhea nanovaccine is cheap to produce in a stable dry powder and can be delivered in microneedle skin patch obviating the need for needle use or the cold chain.
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Bansal A, Wu X, Olson V, D'Souza MJ. Characterization of rabies pDNA nanoparticulate vaccine in poloxamer 407 gel. Int J Pharm 2018; 545:318-328. [PMID: 29746999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccines have the potential for protection against a wide range of diseases including rabies but are rapid in degradation and poor in uptake by antigen-presenting cells. To overcome the limitations, we fabricated a pDNA nanoparticulate vaccine. The negatively charged pDNA was adsorbed onto the surface of cationic PLGA (poly (d, l-lactide-co-glycolide))-chitosan nanoparticles and were used as a delivery vehicle. To create a hydrogel for sustainable vaccine release, we dispersed the pDNA nanoparticles in poloxamer 407 gel which is liquid at 4 °C and turns into soft gels at 37 °C, providing ease of administration and preventing burst release of pDNA. Complete immobilization of pDNA to cationic nanoparticles was achieved at a pDNA to nanoparticles ratio (P/N) of 1/50. Cellular uptake of nanoparticles was both time and concentration dependent and followed a saturation kinetics with Vmax of 11.389 µg/mL h and Km of 139.48 µg/mL. The in vitro release studies showed the nanoparticulate vaccine has a sustained release for up to 24 days. In summary, pDNA PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles were non-cytotoxic, their buffering capacity and cell uptake were enhanced, and sustained the release of pDNA. We expect our pDNA vaccine's potency will be greatly improved in the animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bansal
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Xianfu Wu
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, DHCPP, NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Victoria Olson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, DHCPP, NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Martin J D'Souza
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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Ubale RV, Shastri PN, Oettinger C, D’Souza MJ. Pulmonary Administration of Microparticulate Antisense Oligonucleotide (ASO) for the Treatment of Lung Inflammation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1908-1919. [PMID: 29663290 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery to the lung for controlling lung inflammation is an area that we have explored in this study. The purpose was to use microparticles containing an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to NF-κB to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Microparticles were prepared using the B-290 Buchi Spray Dryer using albumin as the microparticle matrix. Physicochemical characterization of the microparticles showed the size ranged from 2 to 5 μm, the charge was - 38.4 mV, and they had a sustained release profile over 72 h. Uptake of FITC-labeled ASO-loaded microparticles versus FITC-labeled ASO solution by RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells was 5-10-fold higher. After pulmonary delivery of microparticles to Sprague-Dawley rats, the microparticles were uniformly distributed throughout the lung and were retained in the lungs until 48 h. Serum cytokine (TNF-α and IL-1β) levels of rats after induction of lung inflammation by lipopolysaccharide were measured until 72 h. Animals receiving ASO-loaded microparticles were successful in significantly controlling lung inflammation during this period as compared to animals receiving no treatment. This study was successful in proving that microparticulate ASO therapy was capable of controlling lung inflammation.
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Abstract
The protective effect of meningococcal vaccines targeting disease causing serogroups exemplified by the introduction of MenAfriVac™ in Africa, is well established and documented in large population-based studies. Due to the emergence of other meningococcal disease causing serogroups, novel vaccine formulations are needed. There is a high potential for novel nanotechnology-based meningococcal vaccine formulations that can provide wider vaccine coverage. The proposed meningococcal vaccine formulation contains spherical shaped micro and nanoparticles that are biological mimics of Niesseria meningitidis, therefore present to immune system as invader and elicit robust immune responses. Vaccine nanoparticles encapsulate meningococcal CPS polymers in a biodegradable material that slowly release antigens, therefore enhance antigen presentation by exerting antigen depot effect. The antigenicity of meningococcal vaccine delivered in nanoparticles is significantly higher when compared to vaccine delivered in solution. Preclinical studies are required to assess the immunogenicity of novel vaccine formulations. Therefore, implementing various in-vitro human immune cell-based assays that mimic in-vivo interactions, would provide good insight on optimal antigen dose, effective antigen presentation, facilitate screening of various vaccine and adjuvant combinations and predict in-vivo immunogenicity. This rapid approach is cost-effective and provides data required for the preclinical immunogenicity assessment of novel meningococcal vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu M Zughaier
- a Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis , Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Decatur , GA , USA.,b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
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Gala RP, Popescu C, Knipp GT, McCain RR, Ubale RV, Addo R, Bhowmik T, Kulczar CD, D’Souza MJ. Physicochemical and Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Buccal Measles Vaccine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:283-292. [PMID: 27357420 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop an orally disintegrating film (ODF) containing a microparticulate measles vaccine formulation for buccal delivery. The measles vaccine microparticles were made with biocompatible and biodegradable bovine serum albumin (BSA) and processed by spray drying. These vaccine microparticles were incorporated in the ODF, consisting of Lycoat RS720®, Neosorb P60W® and Tween 80. The yield of the microparticles was approximately 85-95%, w/w. The mean size of the vaccine microparticles was 3.65 ± 1.89 μm and had a slightly negative surface charge of 32.65 ± 2.4 mV. The vaccine particles were nontoxic to normal cells at high concentrations (500 μg/2.5 × 105 cells) of vaccine particles. There was a significant induction of innate immune response by vaccine microparticles which was observed in vitro when compared to blank microparticles (P < 0.05). The vaccine microparticles also significantly increased the antigen presentation and co-stimulatory molecules expression on antigen presenting cells, which is a prerequisite for Th1 and Th2 immune responses. When the ODF vaccine formulation was dosed in juvenile pigs, significantly higher antibody titers were observed after week 2, with a significant increase at week 4 and plateauing through week 6 comparative to naïve predose titers. The results suggest that the ODF measles vaccine formulation is a viable dosage form alternative to noninvasive immunization that may increase patient compliance and commercial distribution.
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Gala RP, D'Souza M, Zughaier SM. Evaluation of various adjuvant nanoparticulate formulations for meningococcal capsular polysaccharide-based vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:3260-7. [PMID: 27177946 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis and its capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are a major virulence factor in meningococcal infections and form the basis for serogroup designation and preventive vaccines. We have formulated a novel meningococcal nanoparticulate vaccine formulation that does not require chemical conjugation, but encapsulates meningococcal CPS polymers in a biodegradable material that slowly release antigens, thereby has antigen depot effect to enhance antigenicity. The novel vaccine formulation is inexpensive and can be stored as a dry powder with extended shelf life that does not require the cold-chain which facilitates storage and distribution. In order to enhance the antigenicity of meningococcal nanoparticulate vaccine, we screened various adjuvants formulated in nanoparticles, for their ability to potentiate antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Here, we report that MF59 and Alum are superior to TLR-based adjuvants in enhancing dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation markers MHC I, MHC II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 in dendritic cells pulsed with meningococcal CPS nanoparticulate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikhav P Gala
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin D'Souza
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Susu M Zughaier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Addo RT, Yeboah KG, Siwale RC, Siddig A, Jones A, Ubale RV, Akande J, Nettey H, Patel NJ, Addo E, D’Souza MJ. Formulation and Characterization of Atropine Sulfate in Albumin–Chitosan Microparticles for In Vivo Ocular Drug Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1677-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Salem AK. Nanoparticles in vaccine delivery. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:289-91. [PMID: 25613459 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA,
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