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Oorts M, Van Brantegem P, Deferm N, Chatterjee S, Dreesen E, Cooreman A, Vinken M, Richert L, Annaert P. Bosentan Alters Endo- and Exogenous Bile Salt Disposition in Sandwich-Cultured Human Hepatocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:20-32. [PMID: 34349015 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bosentan, a well-known cholestatic agent, was not identified as cholestatic at concentrations up to 200 µM based on the drug-induced cholestasis (DIC) index value, determined in a sandwich-cultured human hepatocyte (SCHH)-based DIC assay. To obtain further quantitative insights into the effects of bosentan on cellular bile salt handling by human hepatocytes, the present study determined the effect of 2.5-25 µM bosentan on endogenous bile salt levels and on the disposition of 10 µM chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) added to the medium in SCHHs. Bosentan reduced intracellular as well as extracellular concentrations of both endogenous glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) and glycocholic acid in a concentration-dependent manner. When exposed to 10 µM CDCA, bosentan caused a shift from canalicular efflux to sinusoidal efflux of GCDCA. CDCA levels were not affected. Our mechanistic model confirmed the inhibitory effect of bosentan on canalicular GCDCA clearance. Moreover, our results in SCHHs also indicated reduced GCDCA formation. We confirmed the direct inhibitory effect of bosentan on CDCA conjugation with glycine in incubations with liver S9 fraction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Bosentan was evaluated at therapeutically relevant concentrations (2.5-25 µM) in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes. It altered bile salt disposition and inhibited canalicular secretion of glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA). Within 24 hours, bosentan caused a shift from canalicular to sinusoidal efflux of GCDCA. These results also indicated reduced GCDCA formation. This study confirmed a direct effect of bosentan on chenodeoxycholic acid conjugation with glycine in liver S9 fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Oorts
- Drug Delivery and Disposition (M.O., P.V.B., N.D., P.A.) and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy (E.D.), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.C.); Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Syngene International, Bangalore, India (S.C.); Uppsala Pharmacometrics Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (E.D.); Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.V.); KaLy-Cell, Plobsheim, France (L.R.); and BioNotus, Niel, Belgium (P.A.)
| | - Pieter Van Brantegem
- Drug Delivery and Disposition (M.O., P.V.B., N.D., P.A.) and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy (E.D.), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.C.); Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Syngene International, Bangalore, India (S.C.); Uppsala Pharmacometrics Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (E.D.); Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.V.); KaLy-Cell, Plobsheim, France (L.R.); and BioNotus, Niel, Belgium (P.A.)
| | - Neel Deferm
- Drug Delivery and Disposition (M.O., P.V.B., N.D., P.A.) and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy (E.D.), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.C.); Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Syngene International, Bangalore, India (S.C.); Uppsala Pharmacometrics Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (E.D.); Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.V.); KaLy-Cell, Plobsheim, France (L.R.); and BioNotus, Niel, Belgium (P.A.)
| | - Sagnik Chatterjee
- Drug Delivery and Disposition (M.O., P.V.B., N.D., P.A.) and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy (E.D.), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.C.); Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Syngene International, Bangalore, India (S.C.); Uppsala Pharmacometrics Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (E.D.); Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.V.); KaLy-Cell, Plobsheim, France (L.R.); and BioNotus, Niel, Belgium (P.A.)
| | - Erwin Dreesen
- Drug Delivery and Disposition (M.O., P.V.B., N.D., P.A.) and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy (E.D.), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.C.); Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Syngene International, Bangalore, India (S.C.); Uppsala Pharmacometrics Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (E.D.); Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.V.); KaLy-Cell, Plobsheim, France (L.R.); and BioNotus, Niel, Belgium (P.A.)
| | - Axelle Cooreman
- Drug Delivery and Disposition (M.O., P.V.B., N.D., P.A.) and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy (E.D.), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.C.); Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Syngene International, Bangalore, India (S.C.); Uppsala Pharmacometrics Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (E.D.); Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.V.); KaLy-Cell, Plobsheim, France (L.R.); and BioNotus, Niel, Belgium (P.A.)
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Drug Delivery and Disposition (M.O., P.V.B., N.D., P.A.) and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy (E.D.), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.C.); Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Syngene International, Bangalore, India (S.C.); Uppsala Pharmacometrics Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (E.D.); Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.V.); KaLy-Cell, Plobsheim, France (L.R.); and BioNotus, Niel, Belgium (P.A.)
| | - Lysiane Richert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition (M.O., P.V.B., N.D., P.A.) and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy (E.D.), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.C.); Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Syngene International, Bangalore, India (S.C.); Uppsala Pharmacometrics Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (E.D.); Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.V.); KaLy-Cell, Plobsheim, France (L.R.); and BioNotus, Niel, Belgium (P.A.)
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition (M.O., P.V.B., N.D., P.A.) and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy (E.D.), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.C.); Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Syngene International, Bangalore, India (S.C.); Uppsala Pharmacometrics Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (E.D.); Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.V.); KaLy-Cell, Plobsheim, France (L.R.); and BioNotus, Niel, Belgium (P.A.)
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Chothe PP, Pemberton R, Hariparsad N. Function and Expression of Bile Salt Export Pump in Suspension Human Hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:314-321. [PMID: 33472814 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic understanding of bile salt disposition is not well established in suspension human hepatocytes (SHH) because of the limited information on the expression and function of bile salt export protein (BSEP) in this system. We investigated the transport function of BSEP in SHH using a method involving in situ biosynthesis of bile salts from their precursor bile acids, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). Our data indicated that glycine- and taurine-conjugated CA and CDCA were generated efficiently and transported out of hepatocytes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. We also observed that the membrane protein abundance of BSEP was similar between SHH and sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes. Furthermore, known cholestatic agents significantly inhibited G-CA and G-CDCA efflux in SHH. Interestingly, cyclosporine A, troglitazone, itraconazole, loratadine, and lovastatin inhibited G-CA efflux more potently than G-CDCA efflux (3- to 5-fold). Because of these significant differential effects on G-CA and G-CDCA efflux inhibition, we determined the IC50 values of troglitazone for G-CA (9.9 µM) and for G-CDCA (43.1 µM) efflux. The observed discrepancy in the IC50 was attributed to the fact that troglitazone also inhibits organic anion transporting polypeptides and Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide in addition to BSEP. The hepatocyte uptake study suggested that both active uptake and passive diffusion contribute to the liver uptake of CA, whereas CDCA primarily undergoes passive diffusion into the liver. In summary, these data demonstrated the expression and function of BSEP and its major role in transport of bile salts in cryopreserved SHH. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: BSEP transport function and protein abundance was evident in SHH in the present study. The membrane abundance of BSEP protein was similar between SHH and sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes. The study also illustrated the major role of BSEP relative to basolateral MRP3 and MRP4 in transport of bile salts in SHH. Understanding of BSEP function in SHH may bolster the utility of this platform in mechanistic understanding of bile salt disposition and potentially in the assessment of drugs for BSEP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh P Chothe
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Pemberton
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Niresh Hariparsad
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts
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Yang Y, Liu L, Xu M, Zhang X, Wang L, He Q, Xu M, Jiang X. Tanshinone ⅡA may alleviate rifampin-induced cholestasis by regulating the expression and function of NTCP. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:1003-1011. [PMID: 33307820 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120979030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) acts as the major hepatic basolateral uptake system, and plays a key role in balancing bile flow. The anti-tuberculosis drugs rifampin (RFP) can affect bile flow causing liver injury, while tanshinone IIA (TAN IIA) has the effect of protecting liver. This study aimed to investigate the effects of RFP and TAN IIA on the NTCP expression and activity, and explore the potential connections. Herein, we established sandwich-cultured primary rat hepatocytes, and quantified mRNA and protein levels of NRF2 and NTCP after treatment with RFP (10, 25, or 50 μM) or co-treatment with TAN IIA (5, 10, or 20 μM) for 12, 24, 48 h (n = 3). NTCP activity was assessed by measuring the initial uptake rates of known substrates taurocholate (TCA) (n = 3) after treatment with different concentrations of RFP, TAN ⅡA for 12, 24 and 48 h. We found that RFP had inhibition effects on NRF2, NTCP mRNA and protein expression, and co-administration of TAN IIA could reverse RFP inhibition. TCA cellular accumulation was significantly decreased by RFP (39.1%), and TAN IIA could significantly induce TCA uptake of NTCP (2.9-fold at 48 h). The TCA uptake activity was correlated with the NTCP mRNA expression, confirming the role of RFP or TAN IIA on NTCP expression and activity is synchronous, and we can predict NTCP activity by detecting its mRNA expression. In conclusion, our work will enrich the significance of NTCP in the liver protection, and provide theoretical basis for TAN IIA to prevent RFP induced cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, 159411The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, 535321West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, 535321West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 575842the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - M Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, 535321West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, 159411The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, 535321West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q He
- Department of Pharmacy, 159411The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, 159411The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, 535321West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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