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Dhenin J, Lafont V, Dupré M, Krick A, Mauriac C, Chamot-Rooke J. Monitoring mAb proteoforms in mouse plasma using an automated immunocapture combined with top-down and middle-down mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300069. [PMID: 37480175 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have established themselves as the leading biopharmaceutical therapeutic modality. Once the developability of a mAb drug candidate has been assessed, an important step is to check its in vivo stability through pharmacokinetics (PK) studies. The gold standard is ligand-binding assay (LBA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) performed at the peptide level (bottom-up approach). However, these analytical techniques do not allow to address the different mAb proteoforms that can arise from biotransformation. In recent years, top-down and middle-down mass spectrometry approaches have gained popularity to characterize proteins at the proteoform level but are not yet widely used for PK studies. We propose here a workflow based on an automated immunocapture followed by top-down and middle-down liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approaches to characterize mAb proteoforms spiked in mouse plasma. We demonstrate the applicability of our workflow on a large concentration range using pembrolizumab as a model. We also compare the performance of two state-of-the-art Orbitrap platforms (Tribrid Eclipse and Exploris 480) for these studies. The added value of our workflow for an accurate and sensitive characterization of mAb proteoforms in mouse plasma is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dhenin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- DMPK, Sanofi R&D, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Paris, France
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Li F, Hooper AT, Golas J, Chang CPB, Neubert H, King L. Evaluation of EDB Fibronectin in Plasma, Patient-Derived Xenograft Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded and Fresh Frozen Tumor Tissues Using Immunoaffinity LC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2331-2340. [PMID: 36049057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The fibronectin (FN) isoform including the extradomain B (EDB) segment (EDB + FN) is a promising tumor target and is highly expressed in some tumor types, such as breast, head, and neck cancer. To date, mostly immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot have been used for the analysis of EDB + FN. However, complete quantitative measurements of EDB + FN expression in a tumor and circulation are important for the development of anti-EDB therapeutics. To this end, a method using protein enrichment followed by online antipeptide antibody enrichment coupled with a nanoflow LC-MS/MS was developed to quantify EDB + FN in human and cynomolgus plasma, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors, and PDX formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Mouse plasma EDB + FN was analyzed using a protein immunoaffinity method followed by nanoflow LC-MS/MS. EDB + FN concentrations were 63.1 pmol/g in PDX breast cancer tumor and 49.6 pmol/g in PDX head and neck tumor. Mean plasma concentration was 1.1 nM (pmol/mL, 47.4 ng/mL) in normal healthy humans and 0.35 nM (15.1 ng/mL) in naive cynomolgus. The assay sensitivity was 0.018 nM based on calibration with recombinant human EDB + FN (rhEDB + FN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Li
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Andrea T Hooper
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., 401 N Middletown Rd, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Jonathon Golas
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., 401 N Middletown Rd, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Chao-Pei Betty Chang
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., 401 N Middletown Rd, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Hendrik Neubert
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Lindsay King
- Clinical Pharmacology, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc. 610 Main St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Shan L, Jones B. Nano liquid chromatography, an updated review. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5317. [PMID: 34981550 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Low flow chromatography has a rich history of innovation but has yet to reach widespread implementation in bioanalytical applications. Improvements in pump technology, microfluidic connections, and nano-electrospray sources for mass spectrometry have laid the groundwork for broader application, and innovation in this space has accelerated in recent years. This article reviews the instrumentation used for nano-flow liquid chromatography , the types of columns employed, and strategies for multi-dimensionality of separations, which is key to the future state of the technique to the high-throughput needs of modern bioanalysis. An update of the current applications where nano-LC is widely used, such as proteomics and metabolomics, is discussed. But the trend towards biopharmaceutical development of increasingly complex, targeted, and potent therapeutics for the safe treatment of disease drives the need for ultimate selectivity and sensitivity of our analytical platforms for targeted quantitation in a regulated space. The selectivity needs are best addressed by mass spectrometric detection, especially at high resolutions, and exquisite sensitivity is provided by nano-electrospray ionization as the technology continues to evolve into an accessible, robust, and easy to use platform.
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The role of ligand-binding assay and LC-MS in the bioanalysis of complex protein and oligonucleotide therapeutics. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:931-954. [PMID: 33998268 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-binding assay (LBA) and LC-MS have been the preferred bioanalytical techniques for the quantitation and biotransformation assessment of various therapeutic modalities. This review provides an overview of the applications of LBA, LC-MS/MS and LC-HRMS for the bioanalysis of complex protein therapeutics including antibody-drug conjugates, fusion proteins and PEGylated proteins as well as oligonucleotide therapeutics. The strengths and limitations of LBA and LC-MS, along with some guidelines on the choice of appropriate bioanalytical technique(s) for the bioanalysis of these therapeutic modalities are presented. With the discovery of novel and more complex therapeutic modalities, there is an increased need for the biopharmaceutical industry to develop a comprehensive bioanalytical strategy integrating both LBA and LC-MS.
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Schuster J, Mahler HC, Joerg S, Huwyler J, Mathaes R. Analytical Challenges Assessing Protein Aggregation and Fragmentation Under Physiologic Conditions. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3103-3110. [PMID: 33933436 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins are administered by injection or infusion. After administration, the physiologic environment in the desired body compartment - fluid or tissue - can impact protein stability and lead to changes in the safety and/or efficacy profile. For example, protein aggregation and fragmentation are critical quality attributes of the drug product and can occur after administration to patients. In this context, the in vivo stability of therapeutic proteins has gained increasing attention. However, in vivo protein aggregation and fragmentation are difficult to assess and have been rarely investigated. This mini-review summarizes analytical approaches to assess the stability of therapeutic proteins using simulated physiologic conditions. Furthermore, we discuss factors potentially causing in vivo protein aggregation, precipitation, and fragmentation in complex biological fluids. Different analytical approaches are evaluated with respect to their applicability and possible shortcomings when it comes to these degradation events in biological fluids. Tracking protein stability in biological fluids typically requires purifying or labeling the protein of interest to circumvent matrix interference of biological fluids. Improved analytical methods are strongly needed to gain knowledge on in vivo protein aggregation and fragmentation. In vitro models can support the selection of lead candidates and accelerate the pre-clinical development of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schuster
- Lonza Pharma and Biotech, Drug Product Services, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Pharmacenter, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Susanne Joerg
- Lonza Pharma and Biotech, Drug Product Services, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Huwyler
- University of Basel, Pharmacenter, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roman Mathaes
- Lonza Pharma and Biotech, Drug Product Services, Basel, Switzerland.
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Intact mAb LC–MS for drug concentration from pre-clinical studies: bioanalytical method performance and in-life samples. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1389-1403. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibody biotherapeutic measurement from pharmacokinetic studies has not been traditionally based on intact molecular mass as is the case for small molecules. However, recent advancements in protein capture and mass spectrometer technology have enabled intact mass detection and quantitation for dosed biotherapeutics. A bioanalytical method validation is part of the regulatory requirement for sample analysis to determine drug concentration from in-life study samples. Results/methodology: Here, an intact protein LC–MS assay is subjected to mock bioanalytical method validation, and unknown samples are compared between intact protein LC–MS and established bioanalytical assay formats: Ligand-binding assay and peptide LC–MS/MS. Discussion/conclusion: Results are presented from the intact and traditional bioanalytical method evaluations, where the in-life sample concentrations were comparable across method types with associated data analyses presented. Furthermore, for intact protein LC–MS, modification monitoring and evaluation of data processing parameters is demonstrated.
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Schadt S, Hauri S, Lopes F, Edelmann MR, Staack RF, Villaseñor R, Kettenberger H, Roth AB, Schuler F, Richter WF, Funk C. Are Biotransformation Studies of Therapeutic Proteins Needed? Scientific Considerations and Technical Challenges. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1443-1456. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.088997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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