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Borré LB, Sousa EGR, San Gil RAS, Baptista MM, Leitão AA, De Almeida JMAR, Carr O, Oliveira ON, Shimizu FM, Guimarães TF. Solid-State NMR Characterization of Mefloquine Resinate Complexes Designed for Taste-Masking Pediatric Formulations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:870. [PMID: 39065722 PMCID: PMC11280060 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mefloquine (MQ) is an antimalarial medication prescribed to treat or malaria prevention.. When taken by children, vomiting usually occurs, and new doses of medication frequently need to be taken. So, developing pediatric medicines using taste-masked antimalarial drug complexes is mandatory for the success of mefloquine administration. The hypothesis that binding mefloquine to an ion-exchange resin (R) could circumvent the drug's bitter taste problem was proposed, and solid-state 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR was able to follow MQ-R mixtures through chemical shift and relaxation measurements. The nature of MQ-R complex formation could then be determined. Impedimetric electronic tongue equipment also verified the resinate taste-masking efficiency in vitro. Variations in chemical shifts and structure dynamics measured by proton relaxation properties (e.g., T1ρH) were used as probes to follow the extension of mixing and specific interactions that would be present in MQ-R. A significant decrease in T1ρH values was observed for MQ carbons in MQ-R complexes, compared to the ones in MQ (from 100-200 ms in MQ to 20-50 ms in an MQ-R complex). The results evidenced that the cationic resin interacts strongly with mefloquine molecules in the formulation of a 1:1 ratio complex. Thus, 13C CPMAS NMR allowed the confirmation of the presence of a binding between mefloquine and polacrilin in the MQ-R formulation studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro B. Borré
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (L.B.B.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.A.R.D.A.)
| | - Eduardo G. R. Sousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil; (E.G.R.S.); (T.F.G.)
| | - Rosane A. S. San Gil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (L.B.B.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.A.R.D.A.)
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mateus M. Baptista
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (L.B.B.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.A.R.D.A.)
| | - Alexandre A. Leitão
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - João M. A. R. De Almeida
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (L.B.B.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.A.R.D.A.)
| | - Olívia Carr
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (O.C.); (O.N.O.J.)
| | - Osvaldo N. Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (O.C.); (O.N.O.J.)
| | - Flávio M. Shimizu
- Department of Applied Physics, Institute of Physics (IFGW), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), “Gleb Wataghin”, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil;
| | - Thiago F. Guimarães
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil; (E.G.R.S.); (T.F.G.)
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Uddin E, Islam R, Ashrafuzzaman, Bitu NA, Hossain MS, Islam AN, Asraf A, Hossen F, Mohapatra RK, Kudrat-E-Zahan M. Potential Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19: Synthesis, Brief History and Application. Curr Drug Res Rev 2021; 13:184-202. [PMID: 34126913 DOI: 10.2174/2589977513666210611155426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) belonging to the Betacoronavirus group, an unusually large RNA genome, are characterized by club-like spikes that project from their surface. An outbreak of a novel coronavirus 2019 (nCOVID-19) showing a unique replication strategy and infection has posed a significant threat to international health and the economy around the globe. Scientists around the world are investigating few previously used clinical drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. This review provides synthesis and mode of action of recently investigated drugs like Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Ivermectin, Selamectin, Remdesivir, Baricitinib, Darunavir, Favipiravir, Lopinavir/ritonavir and Mefloquine hydrochloride that constitute an option for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekhlass Uddin
- Department of chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Raisul Islam
- Department of chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ashrafuzzaman
- Department of chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Nur Amin Bitu
- Department of chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saddam Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Abm Nazmul Islam
- Chemistry Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Asraf
- Department of chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Faruk Hossen
- Department of chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Md Kudrat-E-Zahan
- Department of chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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3
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Yan G, Liang Q, Wen X, Peng J, Deng R, Lv L, Ji M, Deng X, Wu L, Feng X, He J. Preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin taste-masked formulation via hot-melt extrusion technology. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 196:111293. [PMID: 32818925 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tilmicosin (TMS) is a macrocyclic antibiotic specially used in veterinary clinics, but its extreme bitterness limits its use. This study aimed to obtain a taste-masked formulation of TMS by hot melt extrusion (HME) technology and to investigate the formulation's characterization, stability, and effects in vitro/in vivo. Eudragit® E PO was selected as the carrier, and TMS dissolution in artificial saliva was used as a reference. The HME parameters were optimized via an orthogonal design. The optimized results were as follows: 135 ℃ extrusion temperature, 100 rpm screw speed and 30 % drug load. The masking efficiency of the formulation was evaluated by both simulated oral drug release in vitro and electronic tongue tests. The release of the taste-masked formulation in artificial saliva medium was significantly reduced within 60 s (less than 2%), while the release in 0.1 M HCl buffer was fast (more than 80 %) within 30 min. As suggested by the results of the electronic tongue, the taste-masked formulation had a better taste-masked effect than the commercial premix and the commercial enteric granules. Finally, a pharmacokinetic study was performed. Analysis of variance demonstrated that the pharmacokinetic behavior of the TMS taste-masked formulation was similar to that of the commercial premix, while the absorption effect was better than that of the commercially available enteric granules. This research indicates that the taste-masked formulation has the potential for future commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qiuling Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xuemei Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianbo Peng
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Ruihan Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Li Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Min Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liqin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Feng
- The Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jiakang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Human volunteer, in vitro, and molecular level evaluation of an optimized taste-masked isoniazid-chitosan spray-dried microparticle matrix. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Kulkarni M, Vishwakarma B, Sen S, Anupuram S, Date AA. Development and evaluation of taste masked dry syrup formulation of potassium chloride. AAPS OPEN 2019; 5:1. [PMID: 30957011 PMCID: PMC6421559 DOI: 10.1186/s41120-019-0030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium chloride (KCl) syrup is widely used for the oral treatment of the hypokalemia. However, it is associated with unacceptable taste. In the present study, we sought to develop a palatable and easy to reconstitute KCl dry syrup as a commercially viable alternative to currently available KCl syrup. We explored the potential of Eudragit E100 as a taste-masking polymer to coat and improve the palatability of the KCl. With the help of fluid bed processor, KCl was coated with the solution containing varying amounts of Eudragit E100 (4, 6, 10 and 15%). Coating with 10% polymer solution enabled optimal fluid bed processing, higher entrapment of the KCl (81%) and better in vitro release profile in 0.1 N HCl and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. A dry syrup formulation containing Eudragit E100 coated KCl with good physical and chemical stability in dry and reconstituted state was developed. The palatability of the optimized formulation and commercially available KCl syrup was evaluated using the Electronic Taste Sensing Machine. The developed formulation showed~ 2-fold better taste-masking compared to the commercial KCl syrup. Thus, present investigation describes the development of an effective alternative to the current KCl syrup that can offer better palatability, stability and patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SCES's Indira College of Pharmacy, 89/2a, Niramay, New Mumbai Pune Highway, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra 411033 India
| | | | - Samik Sen
- Gansons Ltd, Kolshet Road, Manpada, Thane, Maharashtra 400607 India
| | - Sandhya Anupuram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SCES's Indira College of Pharmacy, 89/2a, Niramay, New Mumbai Pune Highway, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra 411033 India
| | - Abhijit A Date
- 3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii Hilo, 200 W. Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720 USA
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Developments in Taste-Masking Techniques for Traditional Chinese Medicines. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030157. [PMID: 30213035 PMCID: PMC6161181 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of pharmacologically active substances, including chemotherapeutic drugs and the substances from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), always exhibit potent bioactivities after oral administration. However, their unpleasant taste (such as bitterness) and/or odor always decrease patient compliance and thus compromise their curative efficacies in clinical application. Therefore, the developments of taste-masking techniques are of great significance in improving their organoleptic properties. However, though a variety of taste-masking techniques have been successfully used to mask the unpalatable taste of chemotherapeutic drugs, their suitability for TCM substances is relatively limited. This is mainly due to the fact that the bitter ingredients existing in multicomponent TCM systems (i.e., effective fractions, single Chinese herbs, and compound preparations) are always unclear, and thus, there is lack of tailor-made taste-masking techniques to be utilized to conceal their unpleasant taste. The relevant studies are also relatively limited. As a whole, three types of taste-masking techniques are generally applied to TCM, including (i) functional masking via sweeteners, bitter blockers, and taste modifiers; (ii) physical masking via polymer film-coating or lipid barrier systems; and (iii) biochemical masking via intermolecular interaction, β-cyclodextrin inclusion, or ion-exchange resins. This review fully summarizes the results reported in this field with the purpose of providing an informative reference for relevant readers.
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Petkar KC, Chavhan S, Kunda N, Saleem I, Somavarapu S, Taylor KMG, Sawant KK. Development of Novel Octanoyl Chitosan Nanoparticles for Improved Rifampicin Pulmonary Delivery: Optimization by Factorial Design. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1758-1772. [PMID: 29589222 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-0972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel hydrophobic chitosan derivative, octanoyl chitosan (OC) with improved organic solubility was synthesized, characterized, and employed for the preparation of rifampicin (Rif) encapsulated nanoparticle formulations for pulmonary delivery. OC was characterized to confirm acyl group substitution and cytotoxicity in A549 epithelial lung cells. OC nanoparticles were produced by the double emulsion solvent evaporation technique without cross-linking and characterized for particle size distribution, morphology, crystallinity, thermal stability, aerosol delivery, and drug release rate. OC was successfully synthesized with substitution degree of 44.05 ± 1.75%, and solubility in a range of organic solvents. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies of OC showed no effect on cell viability over a period of 24 h on A549 cell lines. OC nanoparticles were optimized using a 32 full factorial design. An optimized batch of OC nanoparticles, smooth and spherical in morphology, had mean hydrodynamic diameter of 253 ± 19.06 nm (PDI 0.323 ± 0.059) and entrapment efficiency of 64.86 ± 7.73% for rifampicin. Pulmonary deposition studies in a two-stage impinger following aerosolization of nanoparticles from a jet nebulizer gave a fine particle fraction of 43.27 ± 4.24%. In vitro release studies indicated sustained release (73.14 ± 3.17%) of rifampicin from OC nanoparticles over 72 h, with particles demonstrating physical stability over 2 months. In summary, the results confirmed the suitability of the developed systems for pulmonary delivery of drugs with excellent aerosolization properties and sustained-release characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Felton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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9
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Development of dual drug loaded solid self microemulsifying drug delivery system: Exploring interfacial interactions using QbD coupled risk based approach. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Rajesh AM, Popat KM. Taste masking of azithromycin by resin complex and sustained release through interpenetrating polymer network with functionalized biopolymers. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:732-741. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1224894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Pimparade MB, Morott JT, Park JB, Kulkarni VI, Majumdar S, Murthy SN, Lian Z, Pinto E, Bi V, Durig T, Murthy R, Shivakumar HN, Vanaja K, Kumar PC, Repka MA. Development of taste masked caffeine citrate formulations utilizing hot melt extrusion technology and in vitro-in vivo evaluations. Int J Pharm 2015; 487:167-76. [PMID: 25888797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop caffeine citrate orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulations utilizing hot-melt extrusion technology and evaluate the ability of the formulation composition to mask the unpleasant bitter taste of the drug using in vitro and in vivo methods. Ethylcellulose, along with a suitable plasticizer, was used as a polymeric carrier. Pore forming agents were incorporated into the extruded matrix to enhance drug release. A modified screw configuration was applied to improve the extrusion processability and to preserve the crystallinity of the API. The milled extrudates were subjected to dissolution testing in an artificial salivary fluid and investigations using e-tongue, to assess the extent of masking of bitter taste of the API. There was an insignificant amount of drug released from the formulation in the salivary medium while over 80% of drug released within 30 min in 0.1N HCl. ODTs were also developed with the extrudate mixed with mannitol and crospovidone. The quality properties such as friability and disintegration time of the ODTs met the USP specifications. The lead extrudate formulations and the ODTs prepared using this formulation were subjected to human gustatory evaluation. The formulations were found to mask the unpleasant taste of caffeine citrate significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet B Pimparade
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Joseph T Morott
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Jun-Bom Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahm Yook University, Seoul 139-742, South Korea
| | - Vijay I Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - S N Murthy
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Zhuoyang Lian
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Global Pharma R&D, Wilmington, USA
| | - Elanor Pinto
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Global Pharma R&D, Wilmington, USA
| | - Vivian Bi
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Global Pharma R&D, Wilmington, USA
| | - Thomas Durig
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Global Pharma R&D, Wilmington, USA
| | - Reena Murthy
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bangalore, India
| | - H N Shivakumar
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bangalore, India
| | - K Vanaja
- Visveswarapuram Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - P C Kumar
- Visveswarapuram Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
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Development and optimization of sustained release polymeric microparticles by screening design. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-015-0181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Risk based approach for design and optimization of site specific delivery of isoniazid. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-014-0170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ge Z, Yang M, Wang Y, Shan L, Gao C. Preparation and evaluation of orally disintegrating tablets of taste masked phencynonate HCl using ion-exchange resin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:934-41. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.914529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Dissolution methodology for taste masked oral dosage forms. J Control Release 2014; 173:32-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Haraguchi T, Yoshida M, Uchida T. Evaluation of ebastine-loaded orally disintegrating tablets using new apparatus of detecting disintegration time and e-tongue system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Maniruzzaman M, Bonnefille M, Aranyos A, Snowden MJ, Douroumis D. An in-vivo and in-vitro taste masking evaluation of bitter melt-extruded drugs. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:323-37. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of hot-melt extrusion (HME) for masking the taste of bitter active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) when incorporated into different polymer formulations.
Methods
Extrudates were produced by HME using two water soluble cationic model drugs (cetirizine HCl and verapamil HCl) processed with various grades of anionic polymers (Eudragit L100 and Eudragit L100-55 (Acryl EZE)). The process was optimised by using a single screw extruder to produce extruadates with the desirable characteristics.
Key findings
In-vivo results obtained from a panel of six healthy human volunteers demonstrated that the HME extruded formulations improved the taste significantly compared with that of the pure APIs. In addition, an in-vitro evaluation carried out by an Astree e-tongue equipped with seven specific sensors demonstrated significant taste improvement of the extrudates compared with placebo polymers and the pure APIs. Furthermore, the extrudates characterised by SEM, X-ray and differential scanning calorimetry studies showed the existence of molecularly dispersed APIs while in-vitro dissolution showed fast release for all drug substances.
Conclusions
HME can effectively be used to mask the taste of bitter APIs by enhancing drug–polymer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin J Snowden
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK
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Vora C, Patadia R, Mittal K, Mashru R. Risk based approach for design and optimization of stomach specific delivery of rifampicin. Int J Pharm 2013; 455:169-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Maniruzzaman M, Boateng JS, Chowdhry BZ, Snowden MJ, Douroumis D. A review on the taste masking of bitter APIs: hot-melt extrusion (HME) evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:145-56. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.804833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Haraguchi T, Miyazaki A, Yoshida M, Uchida T. Bitterness evaluation of intact and crushed Vesicare orally disintegrating tablets using taste sensors. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:980-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Vesicare tablets, whose main component is solifenacin succinate, are known to be extremely bitter. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of crushing on the bitterness of the Vesicare orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs).
Method
Vesicare ODTs and conventional Vesicare tablets (CTs) were crushed either heavily or lightly. The bitterness scores and release rates of sample solutions obtained 5, 10, 30, 60, 90 or 120 s after placing a crushed CT or ODT containing 5 mg solifenacin in 40 ml of water were predicted using two taste sensors (SA402B and a-ASTREE) and HPLC, respectively. The particle size and the surfaces of the crushed tablets were observed microscopically.
Key findings
The predicted bitterness scores and the drug release rates of CTs were high, irrespective of the degree of crushing. The lightly crushed ODT was predicted to be less bitter than the heavily crushed ODT. In lightly crushed ODTs, spherical particles were observed, about 200 mm in diameter.
Conclusions
The degree of crushing was a critical factor in determining the expression of bitterness by crushed ODTs. When intact tablets of Vesicare must be crushed to adjust the dosage, it is strongly recommended that ODTs be crushed gently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamami Haraguchi
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Airi Miyazaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Miyako Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uchida
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Pei J, Lv Q, Han J, Li X, Jin S, Huang Y, Jin S, Yuan H. Schisandra lignans-loaded enteric nanoparticles: preparation, characterization, andin vitro–in vivoevaluation. J Drug Target 2013; 21:180-7. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.737000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yoshida T, Kurimoto I, Umejima H, Watanabe S, Sako K, Kikuchi A. Effects of dissolved state of aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E/HCl on solubility enhancement effect for poorly water-soluble drugs. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shah PP, Desai PR, Channer D, Singh M. Enhanced skin permeation using polyarginine modified nanostructured lipid carriers. J Control Release 2012; 161:735-45. [PMID: 22617521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of polyarginine chain length on topical delivery of surface modified NLCs. Design of experiments (DOE) was used to optimize number of arginines required to deliver active drug into deeper skin layers. The NLCs were prepared by hot-melt technique and the surface of NLCs was modified with six-histidine tagged cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) or YKA. In vivo confocal microscopy and Raman confocal spectroscopy studies were performed using fluorescent dye encapsulated NLCs and NLC-CPPs. Spantide II (SP) and ketoprofen (KP) were used as model drugs for combined delivery. In vitro skin permeation and drug release studies were performed using Franz diffusion cells. Inflammatory response corresponding to higher skin permeation was investigated in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) mouse model. NLCs had a particle size of 140±20nm with higher encapsulation efficiencies. The negative charge of NLC was reduced from -17.54 to -8.47 mV after surface modification with CPPs. In vivo confocal microscopy and Raman confocal spectroscopy studies suggested that a peptide containing 11 arginines (R11) had significant permeation enhancing ability than other polyarginines and TAT peptides. The amount of SP and KP retained in dermis after topical application of NLC-R11 was significantly higher than solution and NLC after 24 h of skin permeation. SP was not found in receiver compartment. However, KP was found in receiver compartment and the amount of KP present in receiver compartment was increased approximately 7.9 and 2.6 times compared to the control solution and NLCs, respectively. In an ACD mouse model, SP+KP-NLC-R11 showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in ear thickness compared to SP+KP solution and SP+KP-NLC. Our results strongly suggest that the surface modification of NLC with R11 improved transport of SP and KP across the deeper skin layers and thus results in reduction of inflammation associated with ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit P Shah
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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Industry-Relevant Approaches for Minimising the Bitterness of Bioactive Compounds in Functional Foods: A Review. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-012-0829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tang J, Xu N, Ji H, Liu H, Wang Z, Wu L. Eudragit nanoparticles containing genistein: formulation, development, and bioavailability assessment. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2429-35. [PMID: 22072878 PMCID: PMC3205137 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genistein, one of the major isoflavones, has received great attention as a phytoestrogen and potential cancer chemoprevention agent. However, the dissolution and bioavailability of genistein from solid oral preparations is low due to its poor water solubility. METHODS In order to improve the oral bioavailability of genistein, genistein nanoparticles were prepared by the nanoprecipitation technique using Eudragit(®) E100 as carriers and an optimized formulation of mass ratio (genistein:Eudragit E100, 1:10). The mean particle size of genistein nanoparticles was approximately 120 nm when diluted 100 times with distilled water. The drug-loaded nanoparticles were spherical on observation by transmission electric microscopy. RESULTS Encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of the genistein nanoparticles were approximately 50.61% and 5.02%, respectively. Release of drug from the genistein nanoparticles was two times greater than that from the conventional capsules. After administration of genistein suspension or genistein nanoparticles at a single dose of 100 mg/kg to fasted rats, the relative bioavailability of genistein from the nanoparticles compared with the reference suspension was 241.8%. CONCLUSION These results suggested that a nanoparticle system is a potentially promising formulation for the efficient delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs by oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Gryczke A, Schminke S, Maniruzzaman M, Beck J, Douroumis D. Development and evaluation of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) containing Ibuprofen granules prepared by hot melt extrusion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 86:275-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Douroumis DD, Gryczke A, Schminke S. Development and evaluation of cetirizine HCl taste-masked oral disintegrating tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:141-51. [PMID: 21181510 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to mask the taste of cetirizine HCl and to incorporate the granules produced in oral disintegrating tablets (ODT). The bitter, active substance was coated by fluidized bed coating using Eudragit® RL30-D at levels between 15% and 40% w/w. The ODTs were developed by varying the ratio of superdisintegrants such as sodium croscarmellose, crospovidone grades and low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC). A direct compression process was used to compress the ODTs under various compaction forces to optimize tablet robustness. The properties of the compressed tablets including porosity, hardness, friability and dissolution profiles were further investigated. The in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the tablet disintegration times showed almost identical rapid disintegration below 10 s at the optimal levels of each superdisintegrant. Finally, the taste and sensory evaluation in human volunteers demonstrated excellence in masking the bitter active and tablet palatability.
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Diab R, Hamoudeh M, Boyron O, Elaissari A, Fessi H. Microencapsulation of cytarabine using poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers as surfactant agents. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:456-69. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903261989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liu Y, Chen ZQ, Zhang X, Feng NP, Zhao JH, Wu S, Tan R. An Improved Formulation Screening and Optimization Method Applied to the Development of a Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:16-22. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhi Qiang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Nian Ping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ji Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Shan Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Rong Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Design and optimization of artemether microparticles for bitter taste masking. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2008; 58:379-92. [PMID: 19103573 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-008-0027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to reduce the bitterness of artemether (ARM). Microparticles were prepared by the coacervation method using Eudragit E 100 (EE) as polymer and sodium hydroxide solution as nonsolvent for the polymer. A 32 full factorial design was used for optimization wherein the amount of drug (A) and polymer (B) were selected as independent variables and the bitterness score, particle size and drug release at pH, 1.2 and 6.8 were selected as dependent variables. Optimization was carried out using the desirability function. The optimized microparticles batch was characterized by FTIR and DSC. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that reduced bitterness of ARM can be obtained by controlling the drug release of microparticles at pH 6.8 and increasing the amount of EE. The increase in the amount of polymer leads to reduction in drug release from microparticles at pH > 5 due to its insolubility and thus reduces bitterness. However, the increase in the amount of polymer results in improved dissolution, suggesting improved availability of ARM in stomach. Optimized microparticles prepared using 0.04 g of ARM and 15 mL of 1% (m/V) solution of EE showed complete bitter taste masking with improved drug release at pH 1.2.
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Naringenin-loaded nanoparticles improve the physicochemical properties and the hepatoprotective effects of naringenin in orally-administered rats with CCl(4)-induced acute liver failure. Pharm Res 2008; 26:893-902. [PMID: 19034626 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A novel naringenin-loaded nanoparticles system (NARN) was developed to resolve the restricted bioavailability of naringenin (NAR) and to enhance its hepatoprotective effects in vivo on oral administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical characterizations of NARN included assessment of particle size and morphology, powder X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dissolution study. In addition, to evaluate its bioactivities and its oral treatment potential against liver injuries, we compared the hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects of NARN and NAR on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. RESULTS NARN had a significantly higher release rate than NAR and improved its solubility. NARN also exhibited more liver-protective effects compared to NAR with considerable reduction in liver function index and lipid peroxidation, in conjunction to a substantial increase in the levels of the antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05). Moreover, NARN was able to significantly inhibit the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 signaling, whereas NAR only markedly inhibited caspase-3 and -9 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION NARN effectively improved the release of NAR which resulted in more hepatoprotective effects mediated by its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. These observations also suggest that nanoformulation can improve the free drug's bioactivity on oral administration.
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