Dental mold: a novel formulation to treat common dental disorders

Inclusion Complex of Ibuprofen-β-Cyclodextrin Incorporated in Gel for Mucosal Delivery: Optimization Using an Experimental Design

β-Cyclodextrin/ibuprofen inclusion complex was synthesized by freeze-drying method and characterized for phase solubility profiles, infrared spectra, thermal analysis, and X-ray powder diffractograms. The inclusion complex with HP-β-CD, as confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations, enhanced the aqueous solubility of ibuprofen by almost 30-fold compared to ibuprofen alone. Different grades of Carbopol (Carbopol 934P/Carbopol 974P/Carbopol 980 NF/Carbopol Ultrez 10 NF) and cellulose derivatives (HPMC K100M/HPMC K15M/HPMC K4M/HPMC E15LV/HPC) were evaluated for mucoadhesive gels incorporating the inclusion complex. The central composite design generated by Design-Expert was employed to optimize the mucoadhesive gel using two independent variables (a varying combination of two gelling agents) on three dependent variables (drug content and in vitro drug release at 6 h and 12 h). Except for the methylcellulose-based gels, most of the gels (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% alone or as a mixture thereof) exhibited an extended-release of ibuprofen, ranging from 40 to 74% over 24 h and followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics model. Using this test design, 0.95% Carbopol 934P and 0.55% HPC-L formulations were optimized to increase ibuprofen release, enhance mucoadhesion, and be non-irritating in ex vivo chorioallantoic membrane studies. The present study successfully developed a mucoadhesive gel containing the ibuprofen-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex with sustained release.

Development of a novel AMX-loaded PLGA/zein microsphere for root canal disinfection

The aim of this study was to develop polymeric biodegradable microspheres (MSs) of poly(D-L lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and zein capable of delivering amoxicillin (AMX) at significant levels for root canal disinfection. PLGA/zein MSs were prepared using a spray-drying technique. The systems were characterized in terms of particle size, morphology, drug loading and in vitro release. Drug levels were reached to be effective during the intracanal dressing in between visits during the endodontic treatment. In vitro release studies were carried out to understand the release profile of the MSs. Antimicrobial activity of AMX was performed by antibiograms. Enterococcus faecalis was the bacteria selected due to its prevalence in endodontic failure. Drug microencapsulation yielded MSs with spherical morphology and an average particle size of between 5 and 38 µm. Different drug-release patterns were obtained among the formulations. Release features related to the MSs were strongly dependent on drug nature as it was demonstrated by using a hydrophobic drug (indomethacin). Finally, AMX-loaded MSs were efficient against E faecalis as demonstrated by the antibiogram results. In conclusion, PLGA/zein MSs prepared by spray drying may be a useful drug delivery system for root canal disinfection.

Development of biodegradable polymer based tamoxifen citrate loaded nanoparticles and effect of some manufacturing process parameters on them: a physicochemical and in-vitro evaluation

The aim of the present study was to develop nanoparticles of tamoxifen citrate, a non-steroidal antiestrogenic drug used for the treatment of breast cancer. Biodegradable poly (D, L- lactide-co-glycolide)-85:15 (PLGA) was used to develop nanoparticles of tamoxifen citrate by multiple emulsification (w/o/w) and solvent evaporation technique. Drug-polymer ratio, polyvinyl alcohol concentrations, and homogenizing speeds were varied at different stages of preparation to optimize the desired size and release profile of drug. The characterization of particle morphology and shape was performed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and particle size distribution patterns were studied by direct light scattering method using zeta sizer. In vitro drug release study showed that release profile of tamoxifen from biodegradable nanoparticles varied due to the change in speed of centrifugation for separation. Drug loading efficiency varied from 18.60% to 71.98%. The FE-SEM study showed that biodegradable nanoparticles were smooth and spherical in shape. The stability studies of tamoxifen citrate in the experimental nanoparticles showed the structural integrity of tamoxifen citrate in PLGA nanoparticles up to 60°C in the tested temperatures. Nanoparticles containing tamoxifen citrate could be useful for the controlled delivery of the drug for a prolonged period.