Effect of oppositely charged polymer and dissolution media on rheology of spray-dried ionic complexes

Influences of novel microwave drying on dissolution of new formulated naproxen sodium

Drying of a pharmaceutical composition is an important step during its processing, which can affect its quality attributes including its texture, dispersion of the drug within the formulation, drug dissolution kinetics and eventually the drug's efficacy. This study presents the influence of varying drying techniques on the textural properties of the wet granulated formulation consisting of the drug naproxen sodium (NapSod) during the drying process. A new pharmaceutical formulation consisting of the NapSod drug was prepared by wet granulation and dried by novel microwave drying (MW), freeze drying (FD), vacuum drying (VD), and convective drying (CD) techniques before being processed in the form of tablets. The dissolution rate of NapSod from the tablet was measured in gastric (pH = 1.3) and intestinal fluid (pH = 6.8) mediums. The drug release was found to be influenced by the specific surface area, size distribution and the crystalline structure of dried particles, which were found to vary with the type of drying technique used as confirmed by the results of XRD, FTIR, SEM and particle size analyses. This study shows that using microwave technique to dry pharmaceutical granules containing a polar drug, such as NapSod, is an efficient and economical process, which can maintain the drug release at an appropriate rate to realize its desired pharmaceutical effect.

Novel microwave mediated drying of naproxen sodium has been shown as an efficient drying technique as well as exhibiting a critical role in improving the dissolution kinetics.

Reduced ulcerogenic potential and antiarthritic effect of chitosan-naproxen sodium complexes

The purpose of this research was to address the utility of naproxen sodium-chitosan spray-dried complexes for antiulcer and antiarthritic activities. The cold stress technique was used to examine the ulcerogenic potential of naproxen sodium (NPX) and spray-dried formulations in the different doses. The ulcerations reduced with the dose of spray-dried complexes of naproxen sodium and chitosan. The conspicuous hemorrhagic lesions were visible in the morphological features of the animal treated with naproxen 50 mg/kg (p.o.). Thus, the results suggest that the spray-dried naproxen sodium-chitosan complex (NPXF) was not corrosive to the gastric mucosa at high doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg (p.o.) under stressful conditions. It is evident from the present investigation that NPXF does not possess any ulcerogenic potential in comparison to naproxen which, under stressful conditions, led to the hypersecretion of HCl, culminating to petichial hemorrhages in the gastric mucosa of the animals. The biphasic pattern was observed in the various arthritic parameters. The rise in paw volume, joint diameter, WBC count, arthritis score, and fall in body weight was significantly ameliorated in the animals treated with NPXF (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, p.o). At the end of the study, slight erythema was visible in the naproxen-treated animals. However, no erythema, redness, or ulcers were visible in the animals treated with NPXF. Thus, the direct compression properties and reduced ulcerogenic activity, combined with the demonstrated solubilizing power and analgesic effect enhancer ability toward the drug, make naproxen sodium-chitosan spray-dried complexes particularly suitable for developing a reduced-dose, fast-release, solid oral dosage form of naproxen.

Polímeros usados como sistemas de transporte de princípios ativos

Os diferentes sistemas de transporte têm evidenciado potencial terapêutico para uma grande variedade de princípios ativos, satisfazendo vários requisitos, como a prevenção da sua eliminação rápida do organismo, a redução da sua toxicidade sistêmica, a estabilização e a otimização do seu metabolismo, e o direcionamento específico ao local alvo e os mecanismos de defesa. No entanto, têm sido reconhecidos vários outros desafios associados à liberação específica do princípio ativo ao local alvo, pelo que, para ultrapassar os obstáculos químicos e biológicos, a seleção do polímero utilizado para a preparação do sistema de transporte é de importância crucial. O presente trabalho apresenta um relato sobre os principais polímeros naturais e sintéticos utilizados para a preparação de sistemas de transporte de princípios ativos in vivo.