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Mariano M. General aspects of powder rheology applied to pharmaceutical formulations. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103976. [PMID: 38580163 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Powder flowability is crucial in the pharmaceutical industry, strongly affecting solid dosage processing. Classical experimental techniques offer straightforward results for the rapid screening of formulations during development. However, they fail to describe powder properties under consolidation. Complex techniques, such as shear cell, accurately assess fundamental properties of particulate samples under realistic conditions, enabling prediction of their flow. Ideally, a combination of experimental methods should be used to comprehensively assess powder flowability, ensuring consistent product performance. Moreover, researchers and analytical scientists must have a solid understanding of powder rheology to effectively interpret acquired data. In this review, common techniques, experimental protocols, and typical results observed in a pharmaceutical context are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mariano
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, SETU, Waterford, Ireland.
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2
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Aldosari BN, Abdellatif AAH, Almurshedi AS, Alfagih IM, AlQuadeib BT, Abbas AYA, Hassan YA, Abdelfattah A, Tawfeek HM. Development of oral formulation of Lepidium seeds significantly decreases the high blood glucose levels in diabetic rats: in vitro formulation and in vivo antidiabetic performance. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:112-123. [PMID: 38156891 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2300649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lepidium sativum, Garden Cress (GC), seeds have a lot of natural molecules with a pronounced activity against different disorders. It was reported that GC seeds have the ability to lower the blood glucose level. AIM The aim of this work was to formulate GC seeds into oral tablets containing a fixed dose of the grounded seeds. Furthermore, the anti-diabetic performance of the prepared tablets was studied in the streptozotocin rats' model in comparison with positive control metformin. METHODS Micrometrics of GC grounded seeds with different excipients were investigated. Then, GC tablets were prepared via direct compression technique. GC tablets were characterized for their uniformity of dosage unit, friability, hardness, disintegration time, and in vitro release. The antidiabetic effect was studied in rats for a period of 28 days. Glycosylated hemoglobin, liver performance, and lipid levels include total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were also estimated. In addition, histopathological study of liver and pancreas was also performed. RESULTS Prosolv®EasyTab produced tablets with higher hardness, lower disintegration time, and fast release. GC tablets significantly lower the elevated blood glucose level. In addition, they have antihyperlipidemic activity, hepatocellular protective role and restore the histology of the liver and pancreas. CONCLUSION GC tablets could be a promising alternative formulation to control the high blood glucose level in diabetic rats rather than chemically derivatized drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basmah N Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Iman Mohammed Alfagih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asmaa Youssef A Abbas
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hesham M Tawfeek
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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3
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De Pauw E, Vervaet C, Vanhoorne V. Formation of delta-mannitol by co-spray drying: enhancing the tabletability of paracetamol/mannitol formulations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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A Multivariate Methodology for Material Sparing Characterization and Blend Design in Drug Product Development. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Salústio PJ, Monteiro MF, Nunes T, Sousa E Silva JP, Costa PJ. Starch flow behavior alone and under different glidants action using the shear cell method. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1502-1511. [PMID: 34758690 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.2004158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to analyze the flow behavior of a commonly used filler (pregelatinised starch) and the effect of two of the most used lubricants (talc and colloidal silicon dioxide). The studies were carried out according to the conventional methods (Angle of Repose, Bulk and Tapped densities and from these the Compressibility Index) and shear cell methods (Brookfield Powder Flow Tester apparatus) described in European Pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur.). The results showed some surprising and unexpected values for the flow behavior of this filler under influence of the methods and the used glidants. Regarding pure starch and mixtures containing talc, the flow behavior was similar between them and the Flow Index (ffc) values varied between 1.8 and 4 (very cohesive and cohesive) as consolidation stress (σ1) increased. In this case, the glidant effect was not observed. However, for the mixtures of starch with colloidal silicon dioxide this effect was observed providing Flow Index (ffc) values between 2.6 and 8.9 (cohesive and easy-flowing) as consolidation stress (σ1) increased. Other parameters that are also used to characterize flow properties, more specifically, within silos, chutes and hoppers, such as effective angle of internal friction (φe), effective angle of wall friction (φx), critical arching and critical rathole values, provided similar information. Based in the obtained results from all tests it can be said that the talc did not induce improvement on the starch flow behavior in the used conditions in opposition to the effect produced by colloidal silicon dioxide.HighlightsExample 1. A good flowability of powders is needed in order to be compressed/filled;Example 2. The overcome the poor flow it is usual to use glidants;Example 3. CSD improved the pregelatinised starch (Starch 1500®) flow;Example 4. Talc do not have relevant effect in the pregelatinised starch (Starch 1500®) flow;Example 5. Powder FlowTester method showed more complete and consistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J Salústio
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria F Monteiro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Telmo Nunes
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José P Sousa E Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MedTech - Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MedTech - Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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6
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Wikström H, Remmelgas J, Solin S, Marucci M, Sandler N, Boissier C, Tajarobi P. Powder flow from an intermediate bulk container - Discharge predictions and experimental evaluation. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120309. [PMID: 33540037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Powders are usually dispensed, blended, and transferred between different manufacturing steps in so-called Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs), and discharge from an IBC plays a critical role in the ability to manufacture high-quality tablets. To better understand IBC discharge, the flow behavior of selected excipients was comprehensively characterized using a number of techniques including the Hausner ratio/Carr's index, Erweka flow test, FlowPro flow test, shear test and wall friction test as well as FT4 powder rheometer experiments. Jenike's hopper design methodology was then used to predict the minimum non-arching outlet diameter and the mode of flow. Furthermore, the discharge rate from an IBC was predicted using a simple model that takes into account gravity and aerodynamic drag. The predictions were experimentally verified by measuring the discharge rate from a 20 L IBC using five commonly-used excipients. The small-scale Erweka flow test provided the best prediction of the full-scale IBC discharge experiment. Furthermore, a simple model that relied only on the particle size of the material and the diameter of the discharge opening was found to predict the IBC discharge rate remarkably well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Wikström
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations & IT, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Remmelgas
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations & IT, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Solin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mariagrazia Marucci
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations & IT, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Sandler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Catherine Boissier
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations & IT, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pirjo Tajarobi
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden.
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7
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Influence of the Glidant on Diluent Flow Characterization Using Shear Cell Method. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Image-based characterization of powder flow to predict the success of pharmaceutical minitablet manufacturing. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Salústio PJ, Machado M, Nunes T, Sousa E Silva JP, Costa PC. Lactose monohydrate flow characterization using shear cell method. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:686-693. [PMID: 32106741 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1731531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The flow properties of pharmaceutical powders have a great importance in the manufacturing of solid dosage forms. In order to ensure the performance in the production line this parameter must be determined. There are several methods described in European Pharmacopeia that are used to measure these properties. Some of them were used in this study and the results obtained from conventional methods (Conv) and shear cell using the powder flow tester (PFT) showed differences that were more evident in fractions with smaller particle size (F < 63) and for bulk powder (FTotal). The various powder behaviors showed to be related with the size of the particles. An increase of the ffc (Flow Index) was observed with the increase of the particle size. It was also found for the different fractions that the ffc always increases with increasing major principal consolidation stress (σ1). This study shown to be predictive because it also allowed the behavior profiles of other LactMN fractions to be known by interpolation of the median size (Dv50) or σ1 values ranged between the studied intervals. Furthermore, it was also observed that ffc of the FTotal was similar to the F < 63, showing the same behavior under σ1. The occurrence of caking was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo José Salústio
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Machado
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Telmo Nunes
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Sousa E Silva
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cardoso Costa
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
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Szabó E, Démuth B, Galata DL, Vass P, Hirsch E, Csontos I, Marosi G, Nagy ZK. Continuous Formulation Approaches of Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Significance of Powder Flow Properties and Feeding Performance. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E654. [PMID: 31817454 PMCID: PMC6955740 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation and formulation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are becoming more and more popular in the pharmaceutical field because the dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs can be effectively improved this way, which can lead to increased bioavailability in many cases. During downstream processing of ASDs, technologists need to keep in mind both traditional challenges and the newest trends. In the last decade, the pharmaceutical industry began to display considerable interest in continuous processing, which can be explained with their potential advantages such as smaller footprint, easier scale-up, and more consistent product, better quality and quality assurance. Continuous downstream processing of drug-loaded ASDs opens new ways for automatic operation. Therefore, the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs may be more effective and safe. However, developments can be challenging due to the poor flowability and feeding properties of ASDs. Consequently, this review pays special attention to these characteristics since the feeding of the components greatly influences the content uniformity in the final dosage form. The main purpose of this paper is to summarize the most important steps of the possible ASD-based continuous downstream processes in order to give a clear overview of current course lines and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zsombor K. Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), Műegyetem rakpart 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.); (B.D.); (D.L.G.); (P.V.); (E.H.); (I.C.); (G.M.)
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11
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Salústio PJ, Inácio C, Nunes T, Sousa E Silva JP, Costa PC. Flow characterization of a pharmaceutical excipient using the shear cell method. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:237-244. [PMID: 31718375 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1688348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The powders used in the production of solid dosage forms must have ability to flow that allows their industrial processing. Although this property has been studied for most of the powders, in this study non-expected flow behaviors were observed for the model excipient used, Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC). Several fractions with different sizes were fractioned by sieving of the model excipient and its flow behaviors were analyzed by different methods. The shear cell results showed an increase of the flowability index (ffc) with the increase of the particle size and consolidation stress. Some related information has been referenced in the literature, however, in this work it was shown for different size fractions that the ffc decreased above a certain consolidation stress value (2000-4000 N/m2). The explanation of this phenomenon is based on the increase of cohesion. Furthermore, it was also observed that the fractions with sizes between 125-180 µm present a ffc higher than bulk powder (FTotal) with similar percentile (DV50) indicating that this index is dependent on the size of the particles and also on its size distribution range. Thus, it can be affirmed that more homogeneous samples in size and with a narrower distribution present a better ffc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo José Salústio
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), University of Lisbon. Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Inácio
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), University of Lisbon. Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Telmo Nunes
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Sousa E Silva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cardoso Costa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Hirschberg C, Sun CC, Risbo J, Rantanen J. Effects of Water on Powder Flowability of Diverse Powders Assessed by Complimentary Techniques. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2613-2620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Bostijn N, Dhondt J, Ryckaert A, Szabó E, Dhondt W, Van Snick B, Vanhoorne V, Vervaet C, De Beer T. A multivariate approach to predict the volumetric and gravimetric feeding behavior of a low feed rate feeder based on raw material properties. Int J Pharm 2019; 557:342-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Van Snick B, Dhondt J, Pandelaere K, Bertels J, Mertens R, Klingeleers D, Di Pretoro G, Remon JP, Vervaet C, De Beer T, Vanhoorne V. A multivariate raw material property database to facilitate drug product development and enable in-silico design of pharmaceutical dry powder processes. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:415-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Semjonov K, Salm M, Lipiäinen T, Kogermann K, Lust A, Laidmäe I, Antikainen O, Strachan CJ, Ehlers H, Yliruusi J, Heinämäki J. Interdependence of particle properties and bulk powder behavior of indomethacin in quench-cooled molten two-phase solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2018; 541:188-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Koskela J, Morton DAV, Stewart PJ, Juppo AM, Lakio S. The effect of mechanical dry coating with magnesium stearate on flowability and compactibility of plastically deforming microcrystalline cellulose powders. Int J Pharm 2017; 537:64-72. [PMID: 29198809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanofusion is a dry coating method that can be used to improve the flowability of cohesive powder by coating host particles with a lubricant, for example magnesium stearate (MgSt). It has been shown previously that fragmenting material can under some circumstances be mechanofused with MgSt without impairing compactibility of the powder and without reducing the dissolution rate of the resulting tablets. However, the effects on material with viscoelastic behaviour, known to be sensitive for the negative effects of MgSt, is not known. Therefore, mechanofusion of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with MgSt was investigated in this study. Four MCC grades were mechanofused with different MgSt concentrations and process parameters, and the resulting flowability and compactibility were studied. Starting materials and low-shear blended binary mixtures were studied as a reference. Mechanofusion improved the flow properties of small particle size MCC powders (d50 < 78 μm) substantially, but increasing the MgSt content consequently resulted in weaker tablets. Larger particle size MCC grades, however, fractured under the shear forces during the mechanofusion process and hence their flow properties were decreased. Improvement of the flow properties but also the negative effects on compactibility of small particle size grades were observed even at relatively mild mechanofusion parameters and low lubricant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Koskela
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - David A V Morton
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3055, Australia
| | - Peter J Stewart
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3055, Australia
| | - Anne M Juppo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Lakio
- Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1, 02200 Espoo, Finland
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Grymonpré W, Bostijn N, Herck S, Verstraete G, Vanhoorne V, Nuhn L, Rombouts P, Beer TD, Remon J, Vervaet C. Downstream processing from hot-melt extrusion towards tablets: A quality by design approach. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:235-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Franc A, Kurhajec S, Pavloková S, Sabadková D, Muselík J. Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2017; 67:187-202. [PMID: 28590906 DOI: 10.1515/acph-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find the optimal tablet composition with maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.). The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. Tablets containing 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa were found to have the best physical properties. This combination of composition and compression pressure resulted in stable tablets even after storage under accelerated stability conditions (6 months, 40 °C and 75 % RH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutics University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 612 42 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Slavomir Kurhajec
- Department of Pharmaceutics University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 612 42 Brno , Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice , Slovakia
| | - Sylvie Pavloková
- Department of Pharmaceutics University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 612 42 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Dana Sabadková
- Department of Pharmaceutics University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 612 42 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Muselík
- Department of Pharmaceutics University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 612 42 Brno , Czech Republic
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Pudasaini N, Upadhyay PP, Parker CR, Hagen SU, Bond AD, Rantanen J. Downstream Processability of Crystal Habit-Modified Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nawin Pudasaini
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pratik P. Upadhyay
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Andrew D. Bond
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Assessment of physical properties of granules with paracetamol and caffeine. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:900-905. [PMID: 28951676 PMCID: PMC5605841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine increases the analgesic properties of acetaminophen and therefore it is reasonable to use both substances together in one drug form in stronger pain. Currently, there are no commercially available pharmaceutical combination products containing acetaminophen and caffeine, which is present as granules. The aim of the study was to obtain twelve different granules with these therapeutic substances and determine the effect of various excipients on the quality of the drug form. All the granules were made by wet granulation. Two types of binders were used: polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) as well as different types of fillers. The physical properties of granules were assessed in accordance to the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia 8th ed. The highest apparent density was found in preparations containing calcium hydrophosphate (0.609 g/mL) and the lowest – containing mannitol (0.353 g/mL) as a filler. The Hausner ratio of most prepared granules ranged from 1.05 to 1.11, while the compressibility index ranged from 4.59 to 10.48%. The evaluation of properties of individual granules helped to indicate formulation with good features, which perhaps will be a good alternative to currently available painkillers with caffeine and acetaminophen.
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Grymonpré W, Verstraete G, Van Bockstal PJ, Van Renterghem J, Rombouts P, De Beer T, Remon JP, Vervaet C. In-line monitoring of compaction properties on a rotary tablet press during tablet manufacturing of hot-melt extruded amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2016; 517:348-358. [PMID: 27988376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As the number of applications for polymers in pharmaceutical development is increasing, there is need for fundamental understanding on how such compounds behave during tableting. This research is focussed on the tableting behaviour of amorphous polymers, their solid dispersions and the impact of hot-melt extrusion on the compaction properties of these materials. Soluplus, Kollidon VA 64 and Eudragit EPO were selected as amorphous polymers since these are widely studied carriers for solid dispersions, while Celecoxib was chosen as BCS class II model drug. Neat polymers and physical mixtures (up to 35% drug load) were processed by hot-melt extrusion (HME), milled and sieved to obtain powders with comparable particle sizes as the neat polymer. A novel approach was used for in-line analysis of the compaction properties on a rotary tablet press (Modul P, GEA) using complementary sensors and software (CDAAS, GEA). By combining 'in-die' and 'out-of-die' techniques, it was possible to investigate in a comprehensive way the impact of HME on the tableting behaviour of amorphous polymers and their formulations. The formation of stable glassy solutions altered the formulations towards more fragmentary behaviour under compression which was beneficial for the tabletability. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to summarize the behaviour during compaction of the formulations, enabling the selection of Soluplus and Kollidon VA 64 as the most favourable polymers for compaction of glassy solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Grymonpré
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Verstraete
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P J Van Bockstal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Van Renterghem
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Rombouts
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems (ELIS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J P Remon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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22
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Tuomela A, Laaksonen T, Laru J, Antikainen O, Kiesvaara J, Ilkka J, Oksala O, Rönkkö S, Järvinen K, Hirvonen J, Peltonen L. Solid formulations by a nanocrystal approach: critical process parameters regarding scale-ability of nanocrystals for tableting applications. Int J Pharm 2015; 485:77-86. [PMID: 25746735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystallization is among the foremost drug delivery platform approaches for the commercial development of poorly soluble drugs. There exists an urge to enable a universal shift of the production of the solid nanocrystal formulations from laboratory scale to industrially feasible scale. The success of any formulation development depends on its transferability to large scale manufacture. The objectives of the study were to increase the nanocrystallization batch size and to screen and optimize parameters for industrially feasible itraconazole (ITC) and indomethacin (IND) nanocrystal composition for tablet formulation. Thus, ITC and IND were transformed into nanocrystal suspensions, using an increased batch size of a wet milling process, freeze-dried, and further developed into both direct compression (DC) and granulated (G) tableting masses. According to the investigated powder and tablet properties (true density, flowability, dose uniformity, maximum upper punch force, crushing strength, dissolution and disintegration) and stability testings, it was clear that the amount of the nanocrystals in the solid tablet formulation is critical in order to fully utilize the benefits of the nanocrystals, i.e., fast dissolution, and to produce high-quality tablets. The DC designs of both the model drugs with compositions including 40% of freeze-dried nanocrystalline drug powder outperformed the corresponding granulated tablets in all parameters after the stability surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Tuomela
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Laru
- Orion Pharma R&D, Formulation Research, Espoo, Finland
| | - Osmo Antikainen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Seppo Rönkkö
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina Järvinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Uğurlu T, Halaçoğlu MD. Effects of hexagonal boron nitride on dry compression mixture of Avicel DG and Starch 1500. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:415-27. [PMID: 25716058 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1016617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the lubrication properties of hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) on a (1:1) binary mixture of Avicel DG and Starch 1500 after using the dry granulation-slugging method and compare it with conventional lubricants, such as magnesium stearate (MGST), glyceryl behenate (COMP) and stearic acid (STAC). MGST is one of the most commonly used lubricants in the pharmaceutical industry. However, it has several adverse effects on tablet properties. In our current study, we employed various methods to eradicate the work hardening phenomenon in dry granulation, and used HBN as a new lubricant to overcome the adverse effects of other lubricants on tablet properties. HBN was found to be as effective as MGST and did not show any significant adverse effects on the crushing strength or work hardening. From the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, it was concluded that HBN distributed better than MGST. As well as showing better distribution, HBN's effect on disintegration was the least pronounced. Semi-quantitative weight percent distribution of B and N elements in the tablets was obtained using EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). Based on atomic force microscope (AFM) surface roughness images, formulations prepared with 1% HBN showed better plastic character than those prepared with MGST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timuçin Uğurlu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Marmara University , Haydarpaşa , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Mekin Doğa Halaçoğlu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Marmara University , Haydarpaşa , Istanbul , Turkey
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24
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Ghoroi C, Gurumurthy L, McDaniel D, Jallo LJ, Davé RN. Multi-faceted characterization of pharmaceutical powders to discern the influence of surface modification. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Penkina A, Hakola M, Paaver U, Vuorinen S, Kirsimäe K, Kogermann K, Veski P, Yliruusi J, Repo T, Heinämäki J. Solid-state properties of softwood lignin and cellulose isolated by a new acid precipitation method. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:939-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Sandler N, Reiche K, Heinämäki J, Yliruusi J. Effect of Moisture on Powder Flow Properties of Theophylline. Pharmaceutics 2010; 2:275-290. [PMID: 27721356 PMCID: PMC3967137 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics2030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Powder flow is influenced by environmental factors, such as moisture and static electricity, as well as powder related factors, such as morphology, size, size distribution, density, and surface area. Pharmaceutical solids may be exposed to water during storage in an atmosphere containing water vapor, or in a dosage form consisting of materials (e.g., excipients) that contain water and are capable of transferring in to other ingredients. The effect of moisture on powder flowability depends on the amount of water and its distribution. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of humidity on the flow properties of theophylline using information derived from solid-state analysis of the systems investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Sandler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Katharina Reiche
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Yliruusi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
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