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Tataruch M, Illeová V, Kluza A, Cabadaj P, Polakovič M. Catalytic Stability of S-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-Ethanol Dehydrogenase from Aromatoleum aromaticum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7385. [PMID: 39000491 PMCID: PMC11242144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Derived from the denitrifying bacterium Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1 (Azoarcus sp.), the enzyme S-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol dehydrogenase (S-HPED) belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. Using research techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermal-shift assay and HPLC, we investigated the catalytic and structural stability of S-HPED over a wide temperature range and within the pH range of 5.5 to 9.0 under storage and reaction conditions. The relationship between aggregation and inactivation of the enzyme in various pH environments was also examined and interpreted. At pH 9.0, where the enzyme exhibited no aggregation, we characterized thermally induced enzyme inactivation. Through isothermal and multitemperature analysis of inactivation data, we identified and confirmed the first-order inactivation mechanism under these pH conditions and determined the kinetic parameters of the inactivation process. Additionally, we report the positive impact of glucose as an enzyme stabilizer, which slows down the dynamics of S-HPED inactivation over a wide range of pH and temperature and limits enzyme aggregation. Besides characterizing the stability of S-HPED, the enzyme's catalytic activity and high stereospecificity for 10 prochiral carbonyl compounds were positively verified, thus expanding the spectrum of substrates reduced by S-HPED. Our research contributes to advancing knowledge about the biocatalytic potential of this catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Tataruch
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Viera Illeová
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Slovak Technical University, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.I.); (P.C.)
| | - Anna Kluza
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Patrik Cabadaj
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Slovak Technical University, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.I.); (P.C.)
| | - Milan Polakovič
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Slovak Technical University, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.I.); (P.C.)
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Zahedi A, Lynn SJ, Sommer W. Cognitive simulation along with neural adaptation explain effects of suggestions: a novel theoretical framework. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1388347. [PMID: 38966744 PMCID: PMC11223671 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1388347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypnosis is an effective intervention with proven efficacy that is employed in clinical settings and for investigating various cognitive processes. Despite their practical success, no consensus exists regarding the mechanisms underlying well-established hypnotic phenomena. Here, we suggest a new framework called the Simulation-Adaptation Theory of Hypnosis (SATH). SATH expands the predictive coding framework by focusing on (a) redundancy elimination in generative models using intrinsically generated prediction errors, (b) adaptation due to amplified or prolonged neural activity, and (c) using internally generated predictions as a venue for learning new associations. The core of our treatise is that simulating proprioceptive, interoceptive, and exteroceptive signals, along with the top-down attenuation of the precision of sensory prediction errors due to neural adaptation, can explain objective and subjective hypnotic phenomena. Based on these postulations, we offer mechanistic explanations for critical categories of direct verbal suggestions, including (1) direct-ideomotor, (2) challenge-ideomotor, (3) perceptual, and (4) cognitive suggestions. Notably, we argue that besides explaining objective responses, SATH accounts for the subjective effects of suggestions, i.e., the change in the sense of agency and reality. Finally, we discuss individual differences in hypnotizability and how SATH accommodates them. We believe that SATH is exhaustive and parsimonious in its scope, can explain a wide range of hypnotic phenomena without contradiction, and provides a host of testable predictions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoushiravan Zahedi
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steven Jay Lynn
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Werner Sommer
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Department of Physics and Life Science Imaging Center, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Faculty of Education, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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3
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Shan L, Huang Y, Zhang J, Su Y, Guo Y. Inhibiting Protein Aggregation Using Cellulose Nanocrystal in MALDI-TOF MS Analysis: Improving the Sensitivity and Repeatability of Intact Protein in Pueraria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20146-20154. [PMID: 38060840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation can induce low sensitivity and poor repeatability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-fight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis for intact protein. Herein, we introduced a strategy to decrease protein aggregation in the sample solution by using cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The results indicated that protein granule size was effectively reduced by adding CNC to the sample solution. Through MALDI-TOF MS analysis, the signal-to-noise ratio of [M + H]+ peak increased 2-fold, and the detection of limit was <10 μg/mL for intact protein. The CNC also contributed to excellent point-to-point repeatability for MALDI-TOF MS analysis with the coefficient of variation (CV) of 10.0% with CNC vs 48.9% without CNC in Hb solution. Also, the repeatability of Pueraria protein ion signals was improved by using CNC, and the CV with and without CNC was 16.1% and 39.6%, respectively. Moreover, protein ion intensity exhibited great linear relationship (y = 53.04x - 3.474, R2 = 0.9936) with the concentrations (ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg/mL) when using CNC. Further investigation revealed that m/z 19,000 and m/z 21,000 peaks of Pueraria could be used for the adulteration analysis and post-translational modification research, demonstrating our method has the potential for broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yiman Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yue Su
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Sharma P, Raju B, Narendra G, Sapra B, Silakari O. Molecular Docking, Dynamics, and WaterSwap Analysis to Identify Anti-aggregating Agents of Insulin and IFN-β. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3261-3279. [PMID: 35353318 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are several challenges in the development, and formulation of biologics, particularly concerning their physical stabilities. The self-assembly of peptides like human insulin and interferon beta (IFN-β) has potential to form aggregates in pharmaceutical formulation. Therefore, it is a significant problem in the manufacturing, storage, and delivery of insulin and IFN-β formulations. Amino acids as aggregation suppressing additives have been used to stabilize proteins during manufacturing and storage. Several changes to the B chain's C-terminus have been proposed in an attempt to improve insulin formulation. The core segments of the A and B chains (SLYQLENY and LVEALYLV) have recently been identified as sheet-forming areas, and their microcrystalline structures have been exploited to construct a high-resolution insulin amyloid fibril model. Here, we have chosen twenty-one amino acids to develop as additives in rendering the insulin and IFN-β aggregations. Thereafter, integrated molecular docking studies of single layer monomers of full-length insulin and IFN-β have been performed to identify structural elements (amino acids) that can act as disaggregating agents. The stability of the best-docked amino acid complexes was judged using molecular dynamics studies. Finally, phenylalanine was identified as a disaggregation agent for insulin, and lysine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan were identified as disaggregation agents for IFN-β from the molecular dynamics study. These findings may open a novel proposal to explore further in vitro studies to increase the stability of the insulin and IFN-β formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Baddipadige Raju
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Gera Narendra
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Bharti Sapra
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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Wang Q, Zhang C, Li Z, Guo F, Zhang J, Liu Y, Su Z. High hydrostatic pressure refolding of highly hydrophobic protein: A case study of recombinant human interferon β-1b from inclusion bodies. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bansal R, Jha SK, Jha NK. Size-based Degradation of Therapeutic Proteins - Mechanisms, Modelling and Control. Biomol Concepts 2021; 12:68-84. [PMID: 34146465 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2021-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutics are in great demand due to their effectiveness towards hard-to-treat diseases. Despite their high demand, these bio-therapeutics are very susceptible to degradation via aggregation, fragmentation, oxidation, and reduction, all of which are very likely to affect the quality and efficacy of the product. Mechanisms and modelling of these degradation (aggregation and fragmentation) pathways is critical for gaining a deeper understanding of stability of these products. This review aims to provide a summary of major developments that have occurred towards unravelling the mechanisms of size-based protein degradation (particularly aggregation and fragmentation), modelling of these size-based degradation pathways, and their control. Major caveats that remain in our understanding and control of size-based protein degradation have also been presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang W, Ohtake S. Science and art of protein formulation development. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118505. [PMID: 31306712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein pharmaceuticals have become a significant class of marketed drug products and are expected to grow steadily over the next decade. Development of a commercial protein product is, however, a rather complex process. A critical step in this process is formulation development, enabling the final product configuration. A number of challenges still exist in the formulation development process. This review is intended to discuss these challenges, to illustrate the basic formulation development processes, and to compare the options and strategies in practical formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Biological Development, Bayer USA, LLC, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States.
| | - Satoshi Ohtake
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chesterfield, MO 63017, United States
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Silva FSD, Walter ME, Xavier B, Perobelli RF, Calegari GZ, Cardoso DF, Perlin VG, Dalmora SL. Evaluation of recombinant human interferon beta 1b by liquid chromatography methods and bioassay. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000218328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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9
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Wang W, Roberts CJ. Protein aggregation – Mechanisms, detection, and control. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:251-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Ortiz-Enriquez C, Romero-Díaz ADJ, Hernández-Moreno AV, Cueto-Rojas HF, Miranda-Hernández MP, López-Morales CA, Pérez NO, Salazar-Ceballos R, Cruz-García N, Flores-Ortiz LF, Medina-Rivero E. Optimization of a recombinant human growth hormone purification process using quality by design. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:815-821. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1135467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ortiz-Enriquez
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México, México
| | - Alexis de Jesús Romero-Díaz
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México, México
| | - Ana V. Hernández-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México, México
| | - Hugo F. Cueto-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México, México
| | - Mariana P. Miranda-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México, México
| | - Carlos A. López-Morales
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México, México
| | - Néstor O. Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México, México
| | - Rodolfo Salazar-Ceballos
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México, México
| | - Norberto Cruz-García
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México, México
| | - Luis F. Flores-Ortiz
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México, México
| | - Emilio Medina-Rivero
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México, México
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Abdolvahab MH, Fazeli A, Radmalekshahi M, Nejadnik MR, Fazeli MR, Schellekens H. An Albumin-Free Formulation for Escherichia coli-Derived Interferon Beta-1b with Decreased Immunogenicity in Immune Tolerant Mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:192-203. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Haji Abdolvahab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Biotechnology Group, Department of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fazeli
- Department of Research & Development, Zistdaru Danesh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazda Radmalekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Reza Nejadnik
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Reza Fazeli
- Department of Drug & Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Huub Schellekens
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Mahjoubi N, Fazeli MR, Dinarvand R, Khoshayand MR, Fazeli A, Taghavian M, Rastegar H. Preventing Aggregation of Recombinant Interferon beta-1b in Solution by Additives: Approach to an Albumin-Free Formulation. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:497-505. [PMID: 26819922 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2015.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Aggregation suppressing additives have been used to stabilize proteins during manufacturing and storage. Interferonβ-1b is prone to aggregation because of being non-glycosylated. Aggregation behavior of albumin-free formulations of recombinant IFNβ-1b was explored using additives such as n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside, Tween 20, arginine, glycine, trehalose and sucrose at different pH. METHODS Fractional factorial design was applied to select major factors affecting aggregation in solutions. Box-Behnken technique was used to optimize the best concentration of additives and protein. RESULTS Quadratic model was the best fitted model for particle size, OD350 and OD280/OD260. The optimal conditions of 0.2% n-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside, 70 mM arginine, 189 mM trehalose and protein concentration of 0.50 mg/ml at pH 4 were achieved. A potency value of 91% ± 5% was obtained for the optimized formulation. CONCLUSION This study shows that the combination of n-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside, arginine and trehalose would demonstrate a significant stabilizing and anti-aggregating effect on the liquid formulation of interferonβ-1b. It can not only reduce the manufacturing costs but will also ease patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Mahjoubi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fazeli
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khoshayand
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fazeli
- Research and Development Department, Zistdaru Danesh Company. Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghavian
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rastegar
- Food and Drug Research Center, Food and Drug Organization, MOH&ME, Tehran, Iran
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Borzova VA, Markossian KA, Kara DA, Kurganov B. Kinetic regime of dithiothreitol-induced aggregation of bovine serum albumin. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 80:130-8. [PMID: 26116389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A search for agents, which are capable of effectively suppressing protein aggregation, and elaboration of the appropriate test systems, are among important problems of modern biochemistry and biotechnology. One such test system is based on dithiothreitol (DTT)-induced aggregation of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Study of the kinetics of DTT-induced aggregation of BSA by asymmetric flow field flow fractionation showed that a decrease in the portion of the non-aggregated protein in time followed the exponential law, the rate constant of the first order remaining unchanged at varying protein concentration (0.1M Na-phosphate buffer, pH 7.0; 45 °C). The obtained results indicate that the rate-limiting stage of the general aggregation process is that of unfolding of the protein molecule. When studying the kinetics of DTT-induced aggregation of BSA by dynamic light scattering, we proposed to use parameter K(LS) as a measure of the initial rate of aggregation. Parameter K(LS) corresponds to the initial slope of the dependence of (I-I0)(0.5) on time (I0 and I are the initial and current values of the light scattering intensity, respectively). The K(LS) value has been applied to estimate anti-aggregation activity of chemical chaperones (arginine, its derivatives and proline).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera A Borzova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Kira A Markossian
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A Kara
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Boris Kurganov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.
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