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Agrawal YO, Patil KD, More KR, Mohd Siddique MU, Alkahtani S, Aljarba NH, Hasnain MS. Amelioration of bioavailability through formulating and optimizing Azilsartan Entrapped nanostructured lipid carriers and its pharmacokinetic assessment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Spray Drying of PEG6000 Suspension: Reaction Engineering Approach (REA) Modeling of Single Droplet Drying Kinetics. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The spray drying technique is suitable for different kinds of liquid dispersions and can be easily optimized to produce solid particles with tailored properties. The spray drying technique is a complex process. As an example, it is difficult to track drying kinetics, shape, and morphological changes on the scale of a single droplet. To better understand the effect of drying process variables on dried particle formation, it is useful to observe the drying of single droplets. Fundamental processes, such as mass and heat transfer, can then be easily monitored and compared with theoretical models. Acoustic levitation enables droplet/particle suspension in the air without any mechanical contact. Experiments in the acoustic levitator can be used to mimic the drying process in the spray dryer. The drying kinetics of single droplets of PEG6000 into solid particles was studied. Droplets with an initial polymer concentration (PEG6000 aqueous solution of 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/w)) were investigated at different gas drying temperatures. The size of the droplet, moisture content, and the shape evolution of the droplet/particle during the drying process were studied. The experimental drying curves were compared with the Reaction Engineering Approach (REA). The REA models were shown to provide a very good agreement for drying behavior, with a relative error of about ±3% between the initial and predicted droplet mass. This model can be implemented into the large-scale modeling of spray drying using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).
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Xiao Y, Jin T, Geng X, Zhu X. Azilsartan-nicotinamide cocrystal: Preparation, characterization and in vitro / vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 176:106241. [PMID: 35716990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Azilsartan (AZL) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, which is mainly used for the treatment of hypertension. AZL has the advantages of high selectivity, hypotensive effect, protection of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In order to improve the water solubility of AZL and its bioavailability, AZL -nicotinamide (NA) cocrystal was prepared by mechanical ball milling, and the effect of ball milling conditions on cocrystal preparation were studied. AZL-NA cocrystal was identified and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The results showed that AZL-NA cocrystal with the molar ratio of 1:2 was successfully prepared. And the optimum ball milling condition was milling speed of 300 rpm, milling time of 50 min, the solvent was ethanol/acetonitrile (1:1, v/v), and the solvent dosage (η) was 0.8 μL/mg. The results of solubility tests showed that the solubility of AZL in the cocrystal was 3.39 times higher than the pure drug at 24 h. And the results of vitro dissolution tests showed that the cumulative dissolution of AZL in 2 h was about 10%. While distilled water, pH 1.2 and pH 4.5 acid or buffered solutions and pH 6.8 buffer phosphate salt solution was used as the dissolution medium, the cumulative dissolution of AZL in cocrystal reached 50%, 35%, 55% and 90%, respectively, showing obvious improvement of dissolution. In addition, the accelerated stability tests showed that the AZL-NA cocrystal had good chemical stability. And the pharmacokinetic results showed that AZL-NA cocrystal could significantly improve the bioavailability of AZL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tingyu Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xuerong Geng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xingyi Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road NO. 18, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Zhang Z, Dong L, Guo J, Li L, Tian B, Zhao Q, Yang J. Prediction of the physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions: relationship of aging and phase separation with the thermodynamic and kinetic models along with characterization techniques. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:249-264. [PMID: 33112679 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1844181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Solid dispersion has been considered to be one of the most promising methods for improving the solubility and bioavailability of insoluble drugs. However, the physical stability of solid dispersions (SDs), including its aging and recrystallization, or phase separation, has always been one of the most challenging problems in the process of formulation development and storage.Areas covered: The high energy state of SDs is one of the primary reasons for the poor physical stability. The factors affecting the physical stability of SDs have been described from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics, and the corresponding theoretical model is put forward. We briefly summarize several commonly used techniques to characterize the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of SDs. Specific measures to improve the physical stability of SDs have been proposed from the perspective of prescription screening, process parameters, and storage conditions.Expert opinion: The separation of the drug from the polymer, the formation, and migration of drug crystals will cause the SDs to shift toward the direction of energy reduction, which is the intrinsic cause of instability. Furthermore, computational simulation can be used for efficient and rapid screening suitable for the excipients to improve the physical stability of SDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jueshuo Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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De Mohac LM, Raimi-Abraham B, Caruana R, Gaetano G, Licciardi M. Multicomponent solid dispersion a new generation of solid dispersion produced by spray-drying. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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De Mohac LM, Caruana R, Cavallaro G, Giammona G, Licciardi M. Spray-Drying, Solvent-Casting and Freeze-Drying Techniques: a Comparative Study on their Suitability for the Enhancement of Drug Dissolution Rates. Pharm Res 2020; 37:57. [PMID: 32076880 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-2778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Solid dispersions (SDs) represent the most common formulation technique used to increase the dissolution rate of a drug. In this work, the three most common methods used to prepare SDs, namely spray-drying, solvent-casting and freeze-drying, have been compared in order to investigate their effect on increasing drug dissolution rate. METHODS Three formulation strategies were used to prepare a polymer mixture of polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) and maltodextrin (MDX) as SDs loaded with the following three model drugs, all of which possess a poor solubility: Olanzapine, Dexamethasone, and Triamcinolone acetonide. The SDs obtained were analysed and compared in terms of drug particle size, drug-loading capacity, surface homogeneity, and dissolution profile enhancement. Physical-chemical characterisation was conducted on pure drugs, as well as the formulations made, by way of thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy. RESULT The polymers used were able to increase drug saturation solubility. The formulation strategies affected the drug particle size, with the solvent-casting method resulting in more homogenous particle size and distribution when compared to the other methods. The greatest enhancement in the drug dissolution rate was seen for all the samples prepared using the solvent-casting method. CONCLUSION All of the methods used were able to increase the dissolution rate of the pure drugs alone, however, the solvent-casting method produced SDs with a higher surface homogeneity, drug incorporation capability, and faster dissolution profile than the other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Modica De Mohac
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Caruana
- Advanced Technologies Network Center (ATeN Center), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze - Edificio, 18 - 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32 - 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32 - 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariano Licciardi
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32 - 90123, Palermo, Italy.
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Xu J, Du R, Wu L, Zhang X, Guan S, Zhang L, Ning L, Li S. Azilsartan piperazine salt solvate and monohydrate: preparation, crystal structure, enhanced solubility and oral bioavailability. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two azilsartan–piperazine salt solvates and a monohydrate feature crystal structural diversity and improve the azilsartan solubility over that of the free Az form. Az–Pz·EtOH and Az–Pz·H2O improve the plasma azilsartan concentration Cmax and AUC over the free Az form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- National Research Institute for Family Planning
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Rongkai Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Lvying Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Xianrui Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Su Guan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Ning
- National Research Institute for Family Planning
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
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Madan JR, Patil K, Awasthi R, Dua K. Formulation and evaluation of solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for azilsartan medoxomil. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1695206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana R. Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Kajal Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
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He Y, Zhang W, Guo T, Zhang G, Qin W, Zhang L, Wang C, Zhu W, Yang M, Hu X, Singh V, Wu L, Gref R, Zhang J. Drug nanoclusters formed in confined nano-cages of CD-MOF: dramatic enhancement of solubility and bioavailability of azilsartan. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:97-106. [PMID: 30766781 PMCID: PMC6361728 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tremendous efforts have been devoted to the enhancement of drug solubility using nanotechnologies, but few of them are capable to produce drug particles with sizes less than a few nanometers. This challenge has been addressed here by using biocompatible versatile γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) large molecular cages in which azilsartan (AZL) was successfully confined producing clusters in the nanometer range. This strategy allowed to improve the bioavailability of AZL in Sprague-Dawley rats by 9.7-fold after loading into CD-MOF. The apparent solubility of AZL/CD-MOF was enhanced by 340-fold when compared to the pure drug. Based on molecular modeling, a dual molecular mechanism of nanoclusterization and complexation of AZL inside the CD-MOF cages was proposed, which was confirmed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and synchrotron radiation-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR) techniques. In a typical cage-like unit of CD-MOF, three molecules of AZL were included by the γ-CD pairs, whilst other three AZL molecules formed a nanocluster inside the 1.7 nm sized cavity surrounded by six γ-CDs. This research demonstrates a dual molecular mechanism of complexation and nanoclusterization in CD-MOF leading to significant improvement in the bioavailability of insoluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Caifen Wang
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d׳Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Li Wu
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86-0-20231980.
| | - Ruxandra Gref
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d׳Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91400, France
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +33-0-169158247.
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86-21-20231980.
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Dong W, Su X, Xu M, Hu M, Sun Y, Zhang P. Preparation, characterization, and in vitro/vivo evaluation of polymer-assisting formulation of atorvastatin calcium based on solid dispersion technique. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 13:546-554. [PMID: 32211078 PMCID: PMC7081932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to low solubility and bioavailability, atorvastatin calcium is confronted with challenge in conceiving appropriate formulation. Solid dispersion of atorvastatin calcium was prepared through the solvent evaporation method, with Poloxamer 188 as hydrophilic carriers. This formulation was then characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, all these studies suggested the conversion of crystalline atorvastatin calcium. In addition, the drug solubility studies as well as dissolution rates compared with bulk drug and market tablets Lipitor were also examined. Furthermore, the study investigated the pharmacokinetics after oral administration of Lipitor and solid dispersion. And the AUC0–8 h and Cmax increased after taking ATC-P188 solid dispersion orally compared with that of Lipitor. All these could be demonstrated that ATC-P188 solid dispersions would be prospective means for enhancing higher oral bioavailability of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peng Zhang
- Corresponding author. Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China. Tel.:+86 24 43520509
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Peng T, She Y, Zhu C, Shi Y, Huang Y, Niu B, Bai X, Pan X, Wu C. Influence of Polymers on the Physical and Chemical Stability of Spray-dried Amorphous Solid Dispersion: Dipyridamole Degradation Induced by Enteric Polymers. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2620-2628. [PMID: 29916195 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are inherently unstable because of high internal energy. Evaluating physical and chemical stability during the process and storage is essential. Numerous researches have demonstrated how polymers influence the drug precipitation and physical stability of ASDs, while the influence of polymers on the chemical stability of ASDs is often overlooked. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of polymers on the physical and chemical stability of spray-dried ASDs using dipyridamole (DP) as a model drug. Proper polymers were selected by assessing their abilities to inhibit drug recrystallization in supersaturated solutions. HPMC E5, Soluplus®, HPMCP-55, and HPMCAS-LP were shown to be effective stabilizers. The optimized formulations were further stored at a high temperature (60 °C) and high humidity (40 °C, 75% RH) for 2 months, and their physical and chemical stability was evaluated using polarizing optical microscopy, FTIR, HPLC, and mass spectrometry (MS). In general, crystallization was observed in all samples, which indicated the physical instability under stressed storage conditions. Also, it was noted that the polymers in ASDs rather than physical mixtures, induced a dramatic drug degradation after being exposed to a high temperature (HPMCP-55 > 80% and HPMCAS-LP > 50%) and high humidity (HPMCP-55 > 40% and HPMCAS-LP > 10%). The MS analysis further confirmed the degradation products, which might be generated from the reaction between dipyridamole and phthalic anhydride decomposed from HPMCP-55 and HPMCAS-LP. Overall, the exposure of ASDs to stressed conditions resulted in recrystallization and even the chemical degradation induced by polymers.
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