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Melt Fusion Techniques for Solubility Enhancement: A Comparison of Hot Melt Extrusion and KinetiSol® Technologies. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful candidate for oral drug delivery needs to possess adequate solubility and dissolution rate to elicit its therapeutic action. Extensive research is being carried out to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs through a number of techniques involving polymeric and non-polymeric approaches. Non-polymeric approaches such as micronization and nanocrystals are successful in improving the apparent solubility of drugs, but the sustenance of solubility is not always possible. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) lead to solubility enhancement as well as the maintenance of solubility with the assistance of polymers, thereby improving bioavailability. Spray drying, hot melt extrusion (HME), and KinetiSol® technologies are some of the techniques capable of manufacturing ASDs. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of processing challenges and applicability in preparing ASDs. The latter two technologies are similar in being fusion and non-solvent techniques to improve solubility. This review compares both HME and KinetiSol® techniques regarding mechanism, equipment design, formulation, and process parameters involved and scalability.
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Kapourani A, Chatzitheodoridou M, Valkanioti V, Manioudaki AE, Bikiaris ND, Barmpalexis P. Evaluating the effect of kosmotropic inorganic salts in the in vitro dissolution behavior of tablets containing amorphous indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone solid dispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Borde S, Paul SK, Chauhan H. Ternary solid dispersions: classification and formulation considerations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1011-1028. [PMID: 33818224 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1908342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The number of active pharmaceutical compounds from the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) belonging to Class II and IV have significantly increased in recent years. These compounds have high therapeutic potential but are difficult to formulate as oral dosage forms due to their poor aqueous solubility. The solubility and bioavailability of these poorly water-soluble compounds can be increased by various formulation approaches, such as amorphous solid dispersions (ASD), salt formation, complexations, etc. Out of these techniques, the ASD approach, where compounds are converted into amorphous form and embedded in the hydrophilic matrix, have been successfully used in many marketed preparations. The recent advancement of this ASD approach is the design of ternary solid dispersions (TSD), where an additional component is added to further improve their performance in terms of solubility, stability, and processability. This review discusses the classification, mechanism of performance improvement, preparation techniques, and characterizations for TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Borde
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sagar Kumar Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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Bochmann ES, Steidel A, Rosenblatt KM, Gessner D, Liepold B. Assessment of the amorphous solid dispersion erosion behavior following a novel small-scale predictive approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 158:105682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Suzuki K, Kawakami K, Fukiage M, Oikawa M, Nishida Y, Matsuda M, Fujita T. Relevance of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Supersaturated Solution in Oral Absorption of Albendazole from Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020220. [PMID: 33562770 PMCID: PMC7914868 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most promising formulation technologies for improving the oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs, where the maintenance of supersaturation plays a key role in enhancing the absorption process. However, quantitative prediction of oral absorption from ASDs is still difficult. Supersaturated solutions can cause liquid-liquid phase separation through the spinodal decomposition mechanism, which must be adequately comprehended to understand the oral absorption of drugs quantitatively. In this study, albendazole (ALZ) was formulated into ASDs using three types of polymers, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) (Eudragit) L100, Vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVPVA), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS). The oral absorption of ALZ in rats administered as ASD suspensions was not explained by dissolution study but was predicted using liquid-liquid phase separation concentration, which suggested that the absorption of ALZ was solubility-limited. The oral administration study in dogs performed using solid capsules demonstrated the low efficacy of ASDs because the absorption was likely to be limited by dissolution rate, which indicated the importance of designing the final dosage form of the ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Suzuki
- Pharmaceutical and ADMET Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (K.K.); Tel.: +81-80-4383-5853 (K.S.); +81-29-860-4424 (K.K.)
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Functionals Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (K.K.); Tel.: +81-80-4383-5853 (K.S.); +81-29-860-4424 (K.K.)
| | - Masafumi Fukiage
- Pharmaceutical R&D, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-3-1, Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan;
| | - Michinori Oikawa
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-2-30, Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan;
| | - Yohei Nishida
- Technology Research & Development, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94, Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan;
| | - Maki Matsuda
- Research & Development Division, Towa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 134, Chudoji Minami-machi, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan;
| | - Takuya Fujita
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan;
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Hanada M, Jermain SV, Thompson SA, Furuta H, Fukuda M, Williams RO. Ternary Amorphous Solid Dispersions Containing a High-Viscosity Polymer and Mesoporous Silica Enhance Dissolution Performance†. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:198-213. [PMID: 33291881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of a ternary amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) that was designed as an immediate-release tablet with a high drug load (e.g., 40% w/w) to produce heightened maintenance of drug supersaturation during dissolution testing, which will be henceforth referred to as the "maintenance ability". Ternary ASD granules were produced by hot melt extrusion (HME) and were comprised of itraconazole (ITZ) 50%, hypromellose (HPMC) 20%, and mesoporous silica (XDP) 30%, where amorphous ITZ incorporated into HPMC was efficiently absorbed in XDP pores. The ternary ASD granules containing a high-viscosity HPMC (AF4M) produced a significantly heightened maintenance ability of drug supersaturation in neutral pH dissolution media in which crystalline ITZ solubility is below 1 μg/mL. The final tablet formulation contained 80% w/w of the ASD granules (40% w/w ITZ), had an acceptable size, and exhibited both sufficient tablet hardness and disintegration. The dissolution behavior of the ternary ASD tablet exhibited a supersaturation maintenance ability similar to that of the ASD granules. Under neutral conditions, the ternary ASD tablet showed immediate and higher ITZ release compared with the binary ASD tablets, and this phenomenon could be explained by the difference in ITZ/AF4M particle size in the tablet. In high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was observed that ITZ and AF4M in the ternary formulation could easily form nano-sized particles (<1 μm) during the absorption process into/onto XDP pores prepared by HME, which contributed to the immediate ITZ release from the ternary ASD tablet under neutral pH conditions. Therefore, the ternary ASD containing high-viscosity HPMC and mesoporous silica prepared by HME made it possible to design a high ASD content, small-size tablet with an ideal dissolution profile in biorelevant media, and we expect that this technology can be applied for continuous HME ASD manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Hanada
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,CMC Research Laboratory, Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1848 Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Scott V Jermain
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Formulation and Process Development, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Stephen A Thompson
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hirosuke Furuta
- CMC Research Laboratory, Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1848 Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fukuda
- CMC Research Laboratory, Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1848 Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Tan DK, Davis DA, Miller DA, Williams RO, Nokhodchi A. Innovations in Thermal Processing: Hot-Melt Extrusion and KinetiSol® Dispersing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:312. [PMID: 33161479 PMCID: PMC7649167 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal processing has gained much interest in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly for the enhancement of solubility, bioavailability, and dissolution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with poor aqueous solubility. Formulation scientists have developed various techniques which may include physical and chemical modifications to achieve solubility enhancement. One of the most commonly used methods for solubility enhancement is through the use of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Examples of commercialized ASDs include Kaletra®, Kalydeco®, and Onmel®. Various technologies produce ASDs; some of the approaches, such as spray-drying, solvent evaporation, and lyophilization, involve the use of solvents, whereas thermal approaches often do not require solvents. Processes that do not require solvents are usually preferred, as some solvents may induce toxicity due to residual solvents and are often considered to be damaging to the environment. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on recent innovations reported for using hot-melt extrusion and KinetiSol® Dispersing technologies to formulate poorly water-soluble APIs in amorphous solid dispersions. We will address development challenges for poorly water-soluble APIs and how these two processes meet these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deck Khong Tan
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Arundel Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Daniel A Davis
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Dave A Miller
- DisperSol Technologies, LLC, 111 W. Cooperative Way, Building 3, Suite 300, Georgetown, Texas, 78626, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Arundel Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK.
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Jermain SV, Lowinger MB, Ellenberger DJ, Miller DA, Su Y, Williams RO. In Vitro and In Vivo Behaviors of KinetiSol and Spray-Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersions of a Weakly Basic Drug and Ionic Polymer. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2789-2808. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott V. Jermain
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael B. Lowinger
- Merck Research Laboratories (MRL), Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Daniel J. Ellenberger
- DisperSol Technologies, LLC, 111 West Cooperative Way, Building 2, Suite 200, Georgetown, Texas 78626, United States
| | - Dave A. Miller
- DisperSol Technologies, LLC, 111 West Cooperative Way, Building 2, Suite 200, Georgetown, Texas 78626, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories (MRL), Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Robert O. Williams
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Mašková E, Kubová K, Raimi-Abraham BT, Vllasaliu D, Vohlídalová E, Turánek J, Mašek J. Hypromellose - A traditional pharmaceutical excipient with modern applications in oral and oromucosal drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 324:695-727. [PMID: 32479845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), also known as Hypromellose, is a traditional pharmaceutical excipient widely exploited in oral sustained drug release matrix systems. The choice of numerous viscosity grades and molecular weights available from different manufacturers provides a great variability in its physical-chemical properties and is a basis for its broad successful application in pharmaceutical research, development, and manufacturing. The excellent mucoadhesive properties of HPMC predetermine its use in oromucosal delivery systems including mucoadhesive tablets and films. HPMC also possesses desirable properties for formulating amorphous solid dispersions increasing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Printability and electrospinnability of HPMC are promising features for its application in 3D printed drug products and nanofiber-based drug delivery systems. Nanoparticle-based formulations are extensively explored as antigen and protein carriers for the formulation of oral vaccines, and oral delivery of biologicals including insulin, respectively. HPMC, being a traditional pharmaceutical excipient, has an irreplaceable role in the development of new pharmaceutical technologies, and new drug products leading to continuous manufacturing processes, and personalized medicine. This review firstly provides information on the physical-chemical properties of HPMC and a comprehensive overview of its application in traditional oral drug formulations. Secondly, this review focuses on the application of HPMC in modern pharmaceutical technologies including spray drying, hot-melt extrusion, 3D printing, nanoprecipitation and electrospinning leading to the formulation of printlets, nanoparticle-, microparticle-, and nanofiber-based delivery systems for oral and oromucosal application. Hypromellose is an excellent excipient for formulation of classical dosage forms and advanced drug delivery systems. New methods of hypromellose processing include spray draying, hot-melt extrusion, 3D printing, and electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Mašková
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kubová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Bahijja T Raimi-Abraham
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Vohlídalová
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Turánek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Mašek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic.
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Tran P, Pyo YC, Kim DH, Lee SE, Kim JK, Park JS. Overview of the Manufacturing Methods of Solid Dispersion Technology for Improving the Solubility of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs and Application to Anticancer Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E132. [PMID: 30893899 PMCID: PMC6470797 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of new chemical entities (NCEs), including anticancer drugs, have been reported as poorly water-soluble compounds. Anticancer drugs are classified into biologic drugs (monoclonal antibodies) and small molecule drugs (nonbiologic anticancer drugs) based on effectiveness and safety profile. Biologic drugs are administered by intravenous (IV) injection due to their large molecular weight, while small molecule drugs are preferentially administered by gastrointestinal route. Even though IV injection is the fastest route of administration and ensures complete bioavailability, this route of administration causes patient inconvenience to visit a hospital for anticancer treatments. In addition, IV administration can cause several side effects such as severe hypersensitivity, myelosuppression, neutropenia, and neurotoxicity. Oral administration is the preferred route for drug delivery due to several advantages such as low cost, pain avoidance, and safety. The main problem of NCEs is a limited aqueous solubility, resulting in poor absorption and low bioavailability. Therefore, improving oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs is a great challenge in the development of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Several methods such as solid dispersion, complexation, lipid-based systems, micronization, nanonization, and co-crystals were developed to improve the solubility of hydrophobic drugs. Recently, solid dispersion is one of the most widely used and successful techniques in formulation development. This review mainly discusses classification, methods for preparation of solid dispersions, and use of solid dispersion for improving solubility of poorly soluble anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Tran
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Yong-Chul Pyo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Sook Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Hou HH, Rajesh A, Pandya KM, Lubach JW, Muliadi A, Yost E, Jia W, Nagapudi K. Impact of Method of Preparation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions on Mechanical Properties: Comparison of Coprecipitation and Spray Drying. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:870-879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Jermain SV, Miller D, Spangenberg A, Lu X, Moon C, Su Y, Williams RO. Homogeneity of amorphous solid dispersions - an example with KinetiSol ®. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:724-735. [PMID: 30653376 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1569037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
KinetiSol® is a high-shear, fusion-based technology capable of producing stable amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) without the assistance of solvent. KinetiSol® has proven successful with multiple challenging BCS class II and IV drugs, where drug properties like thermal instability or lack of appreciable solubility in volatile solvents make hot melt extrusion or spray drying unfeasible. However, there is a necessity to characterize the ASDs like those made by the KinetiSol® process, in order to better understand whether KinetiSol® is capable of homogeneously dispersing drug throughout a carrier in a short (<40 s) processing time. Our study utilized the high melting point, BCS class II drug, meloxicam, in order to evaluate the degree of homogeneity of 1, 5, and 10% w/w KinetiSol®-processed samples. Powder blend homogeneity and content uniformity were evaluated, and all samples demonstrated a meloxicam concentration % relative standard deviation of ≤2.0%. SEM/EDS was utilized to map elemental distribution of the processed samples, which confirmed KinetiSol®-processed materials were homogeneous at a 25 µm2 area. Utilizing Raman spectroscopy, we were able to verify the amorphous content of the processed samples. Finally, we utilized ssNMR 1 H spin-lattice relaxation measurement to evaluate the molecular miscibility of meloxicam with the polymer at 1% w/w drug load, for the first time, and determined the processed sample was highly miscible at ∼200 nm scale. In conclusion, we determined the KinetiSol® process is capable of producing ASDs that are homogeneously and molecularly well-dispersed drug-in-polymer at drug concentrations as low as 1% w/w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott V Jermain
- a Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Dave Miller
- b DisperSol Technologies, LLC , Georgetown , TX , USA
| | | | - Xingyu Lu
- c Merck Research Laboratories (MRLs), Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Chaeho Moon
- a Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Yongchao Su
- a Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA.,c Merck Research Laboratories (MRLs), Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- a Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
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Ellenberger DJ, Miller DA, Williams RO. Expanding the Application and Formulation Space of Amorphous Solid Dispersions with KinetiSol®: a Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1933-1956. [PMID: 29846889 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high number of poorly soluble drugs in the development pipeline, novel processes for delivery of these challenging molecules are increasingly in demand. One such emerging method is KinetiSol, which utilizes high shear to produce amorphous solid dispersions. The process has been shown to be amenable to difficult to process active pharmaceutical ingredients with high melting points, poor organic solubility, or sensitivity to heat degradation. Additionally, the process enables classes of polymers not conventionally processable due to their high molecular weight and/or poor organic solubility. Beyond these advantages, the KinetiSol process shows promise with other applications, such as the production of amorphous mucoadhesive dispersions for delivery of compounds that would also benefit from permeability enhancement.
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