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Barmpatsalou V, Tjakra M, Li L, Dubbelboer IR, Karlsson E, Pedersen Lomstein B, Bergström CAS. Development of a canine artificial colonic mucus model for drug diffusion studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 194:106702. [PMID: 38218203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Colonic mucus is a key factor in the colonic environment because it may affect drug absorption. Due to the similarity of human and canine gastrointestinal physiology, dogs are an established preclinical species for the assessment of controlled release formulations. Here we report the development of an artificial colonic mucus model to mimic the native canine one. In vitro models of the canine colonic environment can provide insights for early stages of drug development and contribute to the implementation of the 3Rs (refinement, reduction, and replacement) of animal usage in the drug development process. Our artificial colonic mucus could predict diffusion trends observed in native mucus and was successfully implemented in microscopic and macroscopic assays to study macromolecular permeation through the mucus. The traditional Transwell set up was optimized with the addition of a nylon filter to ensure homogenous representation of the mucus barrier in vitro. In conclusion, the canine artificial colonic mucus can be used to study drug permeation across the mucus and its flexibility allows its use in various set ups depending on the nature of the compound under investigation and equipment availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Barmpatsalou
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Tjakra
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Li
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I R Dubbelboer
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Karlsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Pedersen Lomstein
- Product Development & Drug Delivery, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Amager Strandvej 405, 2770, Kastrup, Denmark
| | - C A S Bergström
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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In Vitro Performance and Chemical Stability of Lipid-Based Formulations Encapsulated in a Mesoporous Magnesium Carbonate Carrier. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050426. [PMID: 32384752 PMCID: PMC7284621 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations can circumvent the low aqueous solubility of problematic drug compounds and increase their oral absorption. As these formulations are often physically unstable and costly to manufacture, solidification has been suggested as a way to minimize these issues. This study evaluated the physicochemical stability and in vitro performance of lipid-loaded mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) particles with an average pore size of 20 nm. A medium chain lipid was loaded onto the MMC carrier via physical adsorption. A modified in vitro lipolysis setup was then used to study lipid release and digestion with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The lipid loading efficiency with different solidification techniques was also evaluated. The MMC, unlike more commonly used porous silicate carriers, dissolved during the lipolysis assay, providing a rapid release of encapsulated lipids into solution. The digestion of the dispersed lipid-loaded MMC therefore resembled that of a coarse dispersion of the lipid. The stability data demonstrated minor degradation of the lipid within the pores of the MMC particles, but storage for three months did not reveal extensive degradation. To conclude, lipids can be adsorbed onto MMC, creating a solid powder from which the lipid is readily released into the solution during in vitro digestion. The chemical stability of the formulation does however merit further attention.
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Alvebratt C, Keemink J, Edueng K, Cheung O, Strømme M, Bergström CA. An in vitro dissolution–digestion–permeation assay for the study of advanced drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 149:21-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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O’Dwyer PJ, Imanidis G, Box KJ, Reppas C. On the Usefulness of Two Small-Scale In Vitro Setups in the Evaluation of Luminal Precipitation of Lipophilic Weak Bases in Early Formulation Development. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030272. [PMID: 32188116 PMCID: PMC7151110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A small-scale biphasic dissolution setup and a small-scale dissolution-permeation (D-P) setup were evaluated for their usefulness in simulating the luminal precipitation of three lipophilic weak bases—dipyridamole, ketoconazole and itraconazole. The transition from the gastric to intestinal environment was incorporated into both experimental procedures. Emulsification during the biphasic dissolution experiments had a minimal impact on the data, when appropriate risk mitigation steps were incorporated. Precipitation parameters estimated from the in vitro data were inputted into the Simcyp® physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling software and simulated human plasma profiles were compared with previously published pharmacokinetic data. Average Cmax and AUC values estimated using experimentally derived precipitation parameters from the biphasic experiments deviated from corresponding published actual values less than values estimated using the default simulator parameters for precipitation. The slow rate of transport through the biomimetic membrane in the D-P setup limited its usefulness in forecasting the rates of in vivo precipitation used in the modelling of average plasma profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. O’Dwyer
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd., Forest Row, East Sussex RH18 5DW, UK; (P.J.O.); (K.J.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - Georgios Imanidis
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, CH 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl J. Box
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd., Forest Row, East Sussex RH18 5DW, UK; (P.J.O.); (K.J.B.)
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR 157 84 Zografou, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-4678; Fax: +30-210-727-4027
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Klein S. Advancements in Dissolution Testing of Oral and Non-oral Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:266. [PMID: 31346904 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Biorelevant intrinsic dissolution profiling in early drug development: Fundamental, methodological, and industrial aspects. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 139:101-114. [PMID: 30862481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) is the surface specific dissolution rate of a drug. In early drug development, this property (among other parameters) is measured in order to compare different polymorphs and salt forms, guide formulation decisions, and to provide a quality marker of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) during production. In this review, an update on different methods and small-scale techniques that have recently evolved for determination of IDR is provided. The importance of biorelevant media and the hydrodynamic conditions of dissolution are also discussed. Different preparation techniques for samples are presented with a focus on disc, particle- and crystal-based methods. A number of small-scale techniques are then described in detail, and their applicability domains are identified. Finally, an updated industrial perspective is provided about IDR's place in the early drug development process.
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