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Nguyen TQ, Schneider G, Kaliappan A, Buscaglia R, Brock GN, Hall MB, Miller DM, Chesney JA, Garbett NC. Plasma Thermogram Parameters Differentiate Status and Overall Survival of Melanoma Patients. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6079-6096. [PMID: 37504313 PMCID: PMC10378067 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer in the United States and the deadliest of all skin cancers. Even with recent advancements in treatment, there is still a 13% two-year recurrence rate, with approximately 30% of recurrences being distant metastases. Identifying patients at high risk for recurrence or advanced disease is critical for optimal clinical decision-making. Currently, there is substantial variability in the selection of screening tests and imaging, with most modalities characterized by relatively low accuracy. In the current study, we built upon a preliminary examination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the melanoma setting to examine its utility for diagnostic and prognostic assessment. Using regression analysis, we found that selected DSC profile (thermogram) parameters were useful for differentiation between melanoma patients and healthy controls, with more complex models distinguishing melanoma patients with no evidence of disease from patients with active disease. Thermogram features contributing to the third principal component (PC3) were useful for differentiation between controls and melanoma patients, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that PC3 was useful for predicting the overall survival of active melanoma patients. With the further development and optimization of the classification method, DSC could complement current diagnostic strategies to improve screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Q. Nguyen
- UofL Health–Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Gabriela Schneider
- UofL Health–Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Alagammai Kaliappan
- UofL Health–Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Robert Buscaglia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Guy N. Brock
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Melissa Barousse Hall
- UofL Health–Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Donald M. Miller
- UofL Health–Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jason A. Chesney
- UofL Health–Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Nichola C. Garbett
- UofL Health–Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Hermoso-Durán S, Domper-Arnal MJ, Roncales P, Vega S, Sanchez-Gracia O, Ojeda JL, Lanas Á, Velazquez-Campoy A, Abian O. Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy Changes Serum Composition as Detected by Thermal Liquid Biopsy and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071952. [PMID: 37046613 PMCID: PMC10093451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: About 50% of prescribed colonoscopies report no pathological findings. A secondary screening test after fecal immunochemical test positivity (FIT+) would be required. Considering thermal liquid biopsy (TLB) as a potential secondary test, the aim of this work was to study possible interferences of colonoscopy bowel preparation on TLB outcome on a retrospective study; (2) Methods: Three groups were studied: 1/514 FIT(+) patients enrolled in a colorectal screening program (CN and CP with normal and pathological colonoscopy, respectively), with blood samples obtained just before colonoscopy and after bowel preparation; 2/55 patients from the CN group with blood sample redrawn after only standard 8-10 h fasting and no bowel preparation (CNR); and 3/55 blood donors from the biobank considered as a healthy control group; (3) Results: The results showed that from the 514 patients undergoing colonoscopy, 247 had CN and 267 had CP. TLB parameters in these two groups were similar but different from those of the blood donors. The resampled patients (with normal colonoscopy and no bowel preparation) had similar TLB parameters to those of the blood donors. TLB parameters together with fluorescence spectra and other serum indicators (albumin and C-reactive protein) confirmed the statistically significant differences between normal colonoscopy patients with and without bowel preparation; (4) Conclusions: Bowel preparation seemed to alter serum protein levels and altered TLB parameters (different from a healthy subject). The diagnostic capability of other liquid-biopsy-based methods might also be compromised. Blood extraction after bowel preparation for colonoscopy should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Hermoso-Durán
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Domper-Arnal
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lozano Blesa Clinic University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Roncales
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lozano Blesa Clinic University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Vega
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Oscar Sanchez-Gracia
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- SOTER BioAnalytics, Enrique Val, 50011 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge L Ojeda
- Department of Statistical Methods, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Lanas
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lozano Blesa Clinic University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adrian Velazquez-Campoy
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olga Abian
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Thermodynamic Sensitivity of Blood Plasma Components in Patients Afflicted with Skin, Breast and Pancreatic Forms of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246147. [PMID: 36551631 PMCID: PMC9776601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization's 2018 Global Cancer Survey, cancer is the second leading cause of death. From this survey, the third most common is breast cancer, the fifth is melanoma malignum and pancreatic adenocarcinoma ranks twentieth. Undoubtedly, the early diagnosis and monitoring of these tumors and related research is important for aspects of patient care. The aim of our present review was to explain an impressive methodology that is deemed suitable in reference to studying blood sample deviations in the case of solid tumors. Essentially, we compared the heat denaturation responses of blood plasma components through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the control, between five and seven separable components can be detected, in which the primary component was albumin, while in the case of tumorous patients, the peaks of immunoglobulins were dominant. Moreover, the shape of the plasma DSC curves changed with a shift in the higher temperature ranges; thus, their pattern can be used as a suitable marker of direct immunological responses. The further development of the analysis of DSC curves raises the possibility of the early diagnosis of a potential tumor, the monitoring of diseases, or testing the efficacy of the therapy from a single drop of blood.
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Calorimetric Markers for Detection and Monitoring of Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163884. [PMID: 36010876 PMCID: PMC9405568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review highlights the potential of differential scanning calorimetry for multiple myeloma diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment outcome. The thermodynamic signatures of blood sera from patients with multiple myeloma are strongly dependent on the concentration and isotype of the secreted monoclonal immunoglobulins. Mathematical methods developed to analyze the biocalorimetry data and distinguish “diseased” from “healthy” thermogram to stratify plasma calorimetric profiles and determine specific interrelations between calorimetric and biochemical/clinical data are discussed. Abstract This review summarizes data obtained thus far on the application of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for the analysis of blood sera from patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) with the secretion of the most common isotypes of monoclonal proteins (M-proteins), free light chains (FLC) and non-secretory MM, as well as Waldenström macroglobulinemia and the premalignant state monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. The heterogeneous nature of MM is reflected in the thermal stability profiles of the blood serum proteome of MM patients found to depend on both the level and the isotype of the secreted M-proteins or FLC. Common calorimetric markers feature the vast majority of the different myeloma types, i.e., stabilization of the major serum proteins and decrease in the albumin/globulin heat capacity ratio. A unique calorimetric fingerprint of FLC molecules forming amorphous aggregates is the low-temperature transition centered at 57 °C for a calorimetric set of FLC MM and at 46–47 °C for a single FLC MM case for which larger aggregates were formed. The calorimetric assay proved particularly advantageous for non-secretory MM and is thus a suitable tool for monitoring such patients during treatment courses. Thus, DSC provides a promising blood-based approach as a complementary tool for MM detection and monitoring.
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Garbett NC, Schneider G. Sample Processing Considerations for Protein Stability Studies of Low
Concentration Biofluid Samples using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Protein Pept Lett 2022; 29:485-495. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866529666220416164305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The analysis of biofluid samples with low protein content (e.g., urine or
saliva) can be challenging for downstream analysis methods with limited sensitivity. To circumvent
this problem, sample processing methods are employed to increase the protein concentration in
analyzed samples. However, for some techniques, like differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) that
characterizes thermally-induced unfolding of biomolecules, sample processing must not affect
native protein structure and stability.
Methods:
We evaluated centrifugal concentration and stirred cell ultrafiltration, two common
methods of sample concentration characterized by a low risk of protein denaturation, with the goal
of establishing a protocol for DSC analysis of low concentration biospecimens.
Results:
Our studies indicate that both methods can affect protein stability assessed by DSC and,
even after optimization of several parameters, the obtained DSC profile (thermogram) suggested
that sample processing affects the structure or intermolecular interactions of component proteins
contributing to altered thermal stability detectable by DSC. We also found a relationship between
changes in thermograms and low protein concentration, indicating that diluting biospecimens to
concentrations below 0.1 mg/mL can perturb the intermolecular environment and affect the
structure of proteins present in the solution.
Conclusions:
Dilution of samples below 0.1 mg/mL, as well as concentration of samples with low
protein content, resulted in affected thermogram shapes suggesting changes in protein stability. This
should be taken into account when concentrating dilute samples or employing techniques that lower
the protein concentration (e.g., fractionation), when downstream applications include techniques,
such as DSC, that require the preservation of native protein forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola C. Garbett
- UofL Health – Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine,
University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Gabriela Schneider
- UofL Health – Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine,
University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Schneider G, Kaliappan A, Nguyen TQ, Buscaglia R, Brock GN, Hall MB, DeSpirito C, Wilkey DW, Merchant ML, Klein JB, Wiese TA, Rivas-Perez HL, Kloecker GH, Garbett NC. The Utility of Differential Scanning Calorimetry Curves of Blood Plasma for Diagnosis, Subtype Differentiation and Predicted Survival in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5326. [PMID: 34771491 PMCID: PMC8582427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of lung cancer (LC) significantly increases the likelihood of successful treatment and improves LC survival rates. Currently, screening (mainly low-dose CT scans) is recommended for individuals at high risk. However, the recent increase in the number of LC cases unrelated to the well-known risk factors, and the high false-positive rate of low-dose CT, indicate a need to develop new, non-invasive methods for LC detection. Therefore, we evaluated the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for LC patients' diagnosis and predicted survival. Additionally, by applying mass spectrometry, we investigated whether changes in O- and N-glycosylation of plasma proteins could be an underlying mechanism responsible for observed differences in DSC curves of LC and control subjects. Our results indicate selected DSC curve features could be useful for differentiation of LC patients from controls with some capable of distinction between subtypes and stages of LC. DSC curve features also correlate with LC patients' overall/progression free survival. Moreover, the development of classification models combining patients' DSC curves with selected plasma protein glycosylation levels that changed in the presence of LC could improve the sensitivity and specificity of the detection of LC. With further optimization and development of the classification method, DSC could provide an accurate, non-invasive, radiation-free strategy for LC screening and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Schneider
- UofL Health—Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (G.S.); (A.K.); (T.Q.N.); (M.B.H.); (G.H.K.)
| | - Alagammai Kaliappan
- UofL Health—Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (G.S.); (A.K.); (T.Q.N.); (M.B.H.); (G.H.K.)
| | - Taylor Q. Nguyen
- UofL Health—Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (G.S.); (A.K.); (T.Q.N.); (M.B.H.); (G.H.K.)
| | - Robert Buscaglia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;
| | - Guy N. Brock
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Melissa Barousse Hall
- UofL Health—Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (G.S.); (A.K.); (T.Q.N.); (M.B.H.); (G.H.K.)
| | - Crissie DeSpirito
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (C.D.); (T.A.W.); (H.L.R.-P.)
| | - Daniel W. Wilkey
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.W.W.); (M.L.M.); (J.B.K.)
| | - Michael L. Merchant
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.W.W.); (M.L.M.); (J.B.K.)
| | - Jon B. Klein
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.W.W.); (M.L.M.); (J.B.K.)
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Tanya A. Wiese
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (C.D.); (T.A.W.); (H.L.R.-P.)
| | - Hiram L. Rivas-Perez
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (C.D.); (T.A.W.); (H.L.R.-P.)
| | - Goetz H. Kloecker
- UofL Health—Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (G.S.); (A.K.); (T.Q.N.); (M.B.H.); (G.H.K.)
| | - Nichola C. Garbett
- UofL Health—Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (G.S.); (A.K.); (T.Q.N.); (M.B.H.); (G.H.K.)
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