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Ahmed S, Aziz DE, Sadek MA, Tawfik MA. Capped flexosomes for prominent anti-inflammatory activity: development, optimization, and ex vivo and in vivo assessments. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01522-z. [PMID: 38315262 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to formulate diacerein (DCN)-loaded flexosomes for enhanced efficacy against osteoarthritis. A 23 D-optimal design was employed, investigating the impact of surfactant type (A), surfactant concentration (%w/v) (B), and oleylamine amount (mg) (C). Flexosomes were formulated using a rotary evaporator, and Design-Expert® software was utilized to statistically analyze entrapment efficiency (EE%), zeta potential (ZP), poly-dispersity index (PDI), and particle size (PS) to determine the optimum formula. The selection criteria prioritized increased ZP (as absolute value) and EE%, coupled with decreased PDI and PS. Rigorous physicochemical, in vivo, and ex vivo tests were conducted to validate the safety, stability, and activity of the optimal formula. Physicochemical assessments encompassed pH measurement, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, release profiles, storage effects, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In vivo tests included permeation studies, histopathology, anti-inflammatory activity, and skin irritancy, while ex vivo tests focused on permeation parameters and skin deposition. The optimum formula demonstrated high desirability (0.931), along with favorable EE% (90.93%), ZP (- 40.4 mV), particle size (188.55 nm), and sustained behavior. Notably, improved in vivo permeation (132 µm), skin deposition (193.43 µg/cm2), and antinociceptive activity (66%) compared to DCN suspension (48 µm, 66.31 µg/cm2, and 26%, respectively) were observed. The optimal formula also exhibited excellent safety and storage characteristics. In conclusion, DCN-loaded flexosomes exhibit significant potential for effectively managing osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadek Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Diana E Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai Ahmed Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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2
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Fouad AG, Ali MRA, Naguib DM, Farouk HO, Zanaty MI, El-Ela FIA. Design, optimization, and in vivo evaluation of invasome-mediated candesartan for the control of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:474-490. [PMID: 37605039 PMCID: PMC10761454 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of arterial plaque. Diabetes mellitus stands out as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Candesartan is a potent angiotensin II receptor antagonist that enhances arterial blood flow and reduces insulin resistance. However, oral candesartan has limited activity because of its low bioavailability, water solubility, hepatic first-pass degradation, and efficacy. The current study aims to develop nasal candesartan-loaded invasome (CLI) drops to improve candesartan's permeation, release, and bioavailability as a potential treatment for diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Design expert software was used to prepare various CLI formulations to determine the impact of the concentrations of ethanol, cineole, and phospholipid. The desirability index was used to estimate the optimized formulation composition to maximize entrapment efficiency and minimize vesicle size. The optimized formulation had a 1% ethanol concentration, a 1.5% cineole concentration, and a 2.32% phospholipid concentration. The selected optimized formulation was then tested in a rat model of diabetes and atherosclerosis to evaluate its activity. The results showed that nasal CLI drops significantly raised serum HDL levels by a ratio of 1.42 and lowered serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels by 69.70%, 72.22%, 36.52%, 58.0%, and 65.31%, respectively, compared with diabetic atherosclerotic rats, throwing an insight on the potential for promising anti-diabetic and anti-atherosclerotic activities. Additionally, atherosclerotic lesions were improved in rats treated with CLI, as shown in histopathology. In conclusion, the results of this investigation showed that treatment with nasal CSN-loaded invasome formulation drops prevented the initiation and progression of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Gamal Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, El-Shahid/Shehata Ahmed Hijaz St., Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed R A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Demiana M Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanan O Farouk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Zanaty
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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3
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Agha OA, Girgis GN, El-Sokkary MM, Soliman OAEA. Spanlastic-laden in situ gel as a promising approach for ocular delivery of Levofloxacin: In-vitro characterization, microbiological assessment, corneal permeability and in-vivo study. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100201. [PMID: 37560488 PMCID: PMC10407905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to encapsulate the antibacterial drug levofloxacin hemihydrate (LF) into spanlastics (SLs) followed by incorporation into gelrite in situ gel to enhance its antibacterial activity and sustain ocular delivery. A combination of Span 60 as main vesicle component and Tweens as an edge activator (EA) was used to prepare SLs using the thin film hydration method. A 32 factorial design was applied to study the effect of formulation variables (ratio of Span 60: EA and type of EA) on SLs characteristics (encapsulation efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP) and percentage of drug released). In-vitro antimicrobial study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of the optimized formula. Finally confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was applied to monitor SLs corneal penetration. The optimum formulation (F5), contains 240 mg Span 60 and 60 mg Tween 60 as EA. F5 exhibited EE% = 59.7 ± 4.2%, PS = 177.6 ± 1.8 nm, PDI = 0.27 ± 0.022 and ZP = -40.6 ± 0.68 mV. Furthermore, only 39.37 ± 0.72% of LF amount was released after 4 h compared to complete release from drug solution. The apparent permeation coefficient was (14.7 × 10-3 cm/h) compared to (9.7 × 10-3 cm/h) for LF solution. Moreover, F5 exhibited 200% and 100% increase in the antibacterial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Ahmed Agha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Daqahlia 35516, Egypt
| | - Germeen N.S. Girgis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Daqahlia 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M.A. El-Sokkary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Daqahlia 35516, Egypt
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Ahmed S, Amin MM, Sayed S. A comprehensive review on recent nanosystems for enhancing antifungal activity of fenticonazole nitrate from different routes of administration. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2179129. [PMID: 36788709 PMCID: PMC9930819 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2179129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to comprehensively highlight the recent nanosystems enclosing Fenticonazole nitrate (FTN) and to compare between them regarding preparation techniques, studied factors and responses. Moreover, the optimum formulae were compared in terms of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies in order to detect the best formula. FTN is a potent antifungal imidazole compound that had been used for treatment of many dangerous fungal infections affecting eye, skin or vagina. FTN had been incorporated in various innovative nanosystems in the recent years in order to achieve significant recovery such as olaminosomes, novasomes, cerosomes, terpesomes and trans-novasomes. These nanosystems were formulated by various techniques (ethanol injection or thin film hydration) utilizing different statistical designs (Box-Behnken, central composite, full factorial and D-optimal). Different factors were studied in each nanosystem regarding its composition as surfactant concentrations, surfactant type, amount of oleic acid, cholesterol, oleylamine, ceramide, sodium deoxycholate, terpene concentration and ethanol concentration. Numerous responses were studied such as percent entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), poly-dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and in vitro drug release. Selection of the optimum formula was based on numerical optimization accomplished by Design-Expert® software taking in consideration the largest EE %, ZP (as absolute value) and in vitro drug release and lowest PS and PDI. In vitro comparisons were done employing different techniques such as Transmission electron microscopy, pH determination, effect of gamma sterilization, elasticity evaluation and docking study. In addition to, ex vivo permeation, in vivo irritancy test, histopathological, antifungal activity and Kinetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadek Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,CONTACT Sadek Ahmed Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt
| | - Maha M. Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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M Elsharkawy F, M Amin M, A Shamsel-Din H, Ibrahim W, Ibrahim AB, Sayed S. Self-Assembling Lecithin-Based Mixed Polymeric Micelles for Nose to Brain Delivery of Clozapine: In-vivo Assessment of Drug Efficacy via Radiobiological Evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1577-1595. [PMID: 37007986 PMCID: PMC10065422 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s403707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The research objective is to design intranasal brain targeted CLZ loaded lecithin based polymeric micelles (CLZ- LbPM) aiming to improve central systemic CLZ bioavailability. Methods In our study, intranasal CLZ loaded lecithin based polymeric micelles (CLZ- LbPM) were formulated using soya phosphatidyl choline (SPC) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) with different CLZ:SPC:SDC ratios via thin film hydration technique aiming to enhance drug solubility, bioavailability and nose to brain targeting efficiency. Optimization of the prepared CLZ-LbPM using Design-Expert® software was achieved showing that M6 which composed of (CLZ:SPC: SDC) in respective ratios of 1:3:10 was selected as the optimized formula. The optimized formula was subjected to further evaluation tests as, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), TEM, in vitro release profile, ex vivo intranasal permeation and in vivo biodistribution. Results The optimized formula with the highest desirability exhibiting (0.845), small particle size (12.23±4.76 nm), Zeta potential of (-38 mV), percent entrapment efficiency of > 90% and percent drug loading of 6.47%. Ex vivo permeation test showed flux value of 27 μg/cm².h and the enhancement ratio was about 3 when compared to the drug suspension, without any histological alteration. The radioiodinated clozapine ([131I] iodo-CLZ) and radioiodinated optimized formula ([131I] iodo-CLZ-LbPM) were formulated in an excellent radioiodination yield more than 95%. In vivo biodistribution studies of [131I] iodo-CLZ-LbPM showed higher brain uptake (7.8%± 0.1%ID/g) for intranasal administration with rapid onset of action (at 0.25 h) than the intravenous formula. Its pharmacokinetic behavior showed relative bioavailability, direct transport percentage from nose to brain and drug targeting efficiency of 170.59%, 83.42% and 117% respectively. Conclusion The intranasal self-assembling lecithin based mixed polymeric micelles could be an encouraging way for CLZ brain targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M Elsharkawy
- Regulatory Affairs Department, Al Andalous for Pharmaceutical Industries, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha M Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A Shamsel-Din
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Walaa Ibrahim
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Ibrahim
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Correspondence: Sinar Sayed, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt, Tel +2 01010421543, Email
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Ahmed S, Amin MM, Sayed S. Ocular Drug Delivery: a Comprehensive Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:66. [PMID: 36788150 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human eye is a sophisticated organ with distinctive anatomy and physiology that hinders the passage of drugs into targeted ophthalmic sites. Effective topical administration is an interest of scientists for many decades. Their difficult mission is to prolong drug residence time and guarantee an appropriate ocular permeation. Several ocular obstacles oppose effective drug delivery such as precorneal, corneal, and blood-corneal barriers. Routes for ocular delivery include topical, intravitreal, intraocular, juxtascleral, subconjunctival, intracameral, and retrobulbar. More than 95% of marketed products exists in liquid state. However, other products could be in semi-solid (ointments and gels), solid state (powder, insert and lens), or mixed (in situ gel). Nowadays, attractiveness to nanotechnology-based carries is resulted from their capabilities to entrap both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, enhance ocular permeability, sustain residence time, improve drug stability, and augment bioavailability. Different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo characterization approaches help to predict the outcomes of the constructed nanocarriers. This review aims to clarify anatomy of the eye, various ocular diseases, and obstacles to ocular delivery. Moreover, it studies the advantages and drawbacks of different ocular routes of administration and dosage forms. This review also discusses different nanostructured platforms and their characterization approaches. Strategies to enhance ocular bioavailability are also explained. Finally, recent advances in ocular delivery are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadek Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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7
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Ahmed S, Amin MM, El-Korany SM, Sayed S. Pronounced capping effect of olaminosomes as nanostructured platforms in ocular candidiasis management. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2945-2958. [PMID: 36073061 PMCID: PMC9848414 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2120926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to formulate and boost ocular targeting of Fenticonazole Nitrate (FTN)-loaded olaminosomes in order to improve drug corneal permeation and candidiasis treatment. Olaminosomes were formulated by ethanol injection technique applying a central composite design. The independent variables were: span 80 amount (mg) (A), oleylamine concentration (mg%) (B) and oleic acid: drug ratio (C). The dependent responses were: percent entrapment efficiency (EE %), particle size (PS), poly-dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP) and in vitro drug release after 10 hours (Q10h). Numerical optimization by Design-Expert® software was adopted to select the optimum formula. This formula was chosen based on highest EE %, ZP (as absolute value) and Q10h and lowest PS and PDI. The optimum formula was subjected to further in vitro characterization via Differential scanning calorimetry, Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, pH determination, effect of storage, influence of terminal sterilization, detection of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration and ex vivo corneal penetration analysis. Safety and antifungal activity of the optimum formula were tested through various in vivo studies like ocular irritancy, corneal tolerance, corneal uptake and susceptibility test. The optimum formula with the maximum desirability value (0.972) revealed EE% (84.24%), PS (117.55 nm), ZP (-74.85 mV) and Q10h (91.26%) respectively. The optimum formula demonstrated ocular tolerance with enhanced corneal penetration behavior (428.66 µg/cm2) and boosted antifungal activity (56.13%) compared to FTN suspension (174.66 µg/cm2 and 30.83%). The previous results ensured the ability of olaminosomes to enhance the corneal penetration and antifungal efficacy of Fenticonazole Nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadek Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,CONTACT Sadek Ahmed Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo11562, Egypt
| | - Maha M. Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah Mohamed El-Korany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdelmonem R, Al-Samadi IEI, El Nashar RM, Jasti BR, El-Nabarawi MA. Fabrication of nanostructured lipid carriers ocugel for enhancing Loratadine used in treatment of COVID-19 related symptoms: statistical optimization, in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo studies evaluation. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2868-2882. [PMID: 36065090 PMCID: PMC9448409 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Loratadine (LORA), is a topical antihistamine utilized in the treatment of ocular symptoms of COVID-19. The study aimed to develop a Loratadine Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Ocugel (LORA-NLCs Ocugel), enhance its solubility, trans-corneal penetrability, and bioavailability. full-factorial design was established with 24 trials to investigate the impact of several variables upon NLCs properties. LORA-NLCs were fabricated by using hot melt emulsification combined with high-speed stirring and ultrasonication methods. All obtained formulae were assessed in terms of percent of entrapment efficiency (EE%), size of the particle (PS), zeta potential (ZP), as well as in-vitro release. Via using Design Expert® software the optimum formula was selected, characterized using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and stability studies. Gel-based of optimized LORA-NLCs was prepared using 4% HPMC k100m which was further evaluated in terms of physicochemical properties, Ex-vivo, and In-vivo studies. The optimized LORA-NLCs, comprising Compritol 888 ATO®, Labrasol®, and Span® 60 showed EE% of 95.78 ± 0.67%, PS of 156.11 ± 0.54 nm, ZP of -40.10 ± 0.55 Mv, and Qh6% of 99.67 ± 1.09%, respectively. Additionally, it illustrated a spherical morphology and compatibility of LORA with other excipients. Consequently, gel-based on optimized LORA-NLCs showed pH (7.11 ± 0.52), drug content (98.62%± 1.31%), viscosity 2736 cp, and Q12% (90.49 ± 1.32%). LORA-NLCs and LORA-NLCs Ocugel exhibited higher ex-vivo trans-corneal penetrability compared with the aqueous drug dispersion. Confocal laser scanning showed valuable penetration of fluoro-labeled optimized formula and LORA-NLCs Ocugel through corneal. The optimized formula was subjected to an ocular irritation test (Draize Test) that showed the absence of any signs of inflammation in rabbits, and histological analysis showed no effect or damage to rabbit eyeballs. Cmax and the AUC0-24 were higher in LORA-NLCs Ocugel compared with pure Lora dispersion-loaded gel The research findings confirmed that NLCs could enhance solubility, trans-corneal penetrability, and the bioavailability of LORA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Abdelmonem
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Inas Essam Ibrahim Al-Samadi
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha M El Nashar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bhaskara R Jasti
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Healthy Science-Pacific University, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed A El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Giza, Giza, Egypt
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9
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Ahmed S, Amin MM, El-Korany SM, Sayed S. Corneal targeted fenticonazole nitrate-loaded novasomes for the management of ocular candidiasis: Preparation, in vitro characterization, ex vivo and in vivo assessments. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2428-2441. [PMID: 35880688 PMCID: PMC9341384 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this manuscript was to develop and optimize Fenticonazole Nitrate (FTN)-loaded novasomes aiming to enhance drug corneal penetration and to improve its antifungal activity. Ethanol injection was used to formulate FTN-loaded novasomes adopting a central composite design. The researched factors were: stearic acid concentration (g%) (A), span 80: drug ratio (B) and cholesterol amount (mg) (C), and their effects on percent entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), poly-dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and in vitro drug release after 8 hours (Q8h) were studied. Numerical optimization by Design-Expert® software was employed to select the optimum formula in respect to highest EE%, ZP (as absolute value), and Q8h >80% and lowest PS and PDI. Additional evaluation of the optimum formula was accomplished by short term stability study, effect of gamma sterilization, determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration and ex vivo corneal permeation study. The in vivo evaluation of the optimum formula was done to ensure its safety via in vivo ocular irritancy and in vivo corneal tolerance studies. Also, the efficacy was confirmed through in vivo corneal uptake study and susceptibility test. The optimum formula with the highest desirability value (0.738) showed EE% (94.31%), PS (197.05 nm), ZP (-66.95 mV) and Q8h (85.33%). It revealed to be safe, with augmented corneal permeation (527.98 µg/cm2) that leads to higher antifungal activity. The above results confirmed the validity of novasomes to improve the corneal permeation and antifungal activity of Fenticonazole Nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadek Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah Mohamed El-Korany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Phyto-Therapeutic and Nanomedicinal Approaches: A New Hope for Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122213. [PMID: 36179926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Fahmy AM, Hassan M, El-Setouhy DA, Tayel SA, Al-Mahallawi AM. Statistical optimization of hyaluronic acid enriched ultradeformable elastosomes for ocular delivery of voriconazole via Box-Behnken design: in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:77-86. [PMID: 33342315 PMCID: PMC7875553 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1858997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Voriconazole (VCZ) is a well-known broad spectrum triazole antifungal, mainly used orally and intravenously. The study aimed to formulate VCZ into ultradeformable elastosomes for the topical treatment of ocular fungal keratitis. Different formulae were prepared using a modified ethanol injection method, employing a 33 Box-Behnken design. They were characterized by measuring their entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential (ZP). The optimized formula was subjected to further in vitro investigations and in vivo evaluation studies. The prepared vesicles had satisfactory EE%, PS, PDI and ZP values. The numerical optimization process suggested an optimal elastosomal formula (OE) composed of phosphatidyl choline and brij S100 at the weight ratio of 3.62: 1, 0.25%w/v hyaluronic acid and 5% (percentage from phosphatidyl choline/brij mixture) polyvinyl alcohol. It had high EE (72.6%), acceptable PS and PDI (362.4 nm and 0.25, respectively) and highly negative ZP of −41.7 mV. OE exhibited higher elasticity than conventional liposomes, with acceptable stability for three months. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the spherical morphology of vesicles with an external transparent coat of Hyaluronic acid. OE was expected to cause no ocular irritation or blurring in vision as reflected by pH and refractive index measurements. The histopathological study revealed the safety of OE for ocular use. The fungal susceptibility testing using Candida albicans demonstrated the superiority of OE to VCZ suspension, with greater and more durable growth inhibition. Therefore, OE can be regarded as a promising formula, achieving both safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Muhammad Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ahmed El-Setouhy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saadia Ahmed Tayel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz Mohsen Al-Mahallawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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Abdelhakeem E, El-Nabarawi M, Shamma R. Effective Ocular Delivery of Eplerenone Using Nanoengineered Lipid Carriers in Rabbit Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4985-5002. [PMID: 34335024 PMCID: PMC8318821 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s319814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eplerenone (Epl) is a selective mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonist used for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy treatment. Our goal was to enhance the corneal performance of Epl-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) through surface modification using different coating polymers. Methods Epl-loaded modified NLCs (Epl-loaded MNLCs) were prepared by coating the surface of Epl-loaded NLCs using different polymers, namely hyaluronic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide lactate, and hydrogenated collagen. A 31×41 full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of the surface modification on the properties of the prepared systems. Selected optimal Epl-loaded MNLCs were further evaluated for in vitro drug release, morphology, pH, rheological properties, corneal mucoadhesion, irritation, and penetration. Results Epl-loaded MNLCs were successfully prepared with high drug-entrapment efficiency and nanosized particles with low size distribution. Transmission electron microscopy revealed nanosized spherical particles surrounded by a coating layer of the surface modifier. The pH, refractive index, and viscosity results of the Epl-loaded MNLCs confirmed the ocular compatibility of the systems with no blurring of vision. The safety and ocular tolerance of the optimal MNLCs were confirmed using the hen’s egg test on chorioallantoic membrane and by histopathological evaluation of rabbit eyes treated with the optimal systems. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy of corneal surfaces confirmed successful transcorneal permeation of the Epl-loaded MNLCs compared to the unmodified Epl-loaded NLCs, revealed by higher corneal fluorescence intensity at all time intervals. Conclusion Overall, the results confirmed the potential of Epl-loaded MNLCs as a direct approach for Epl ocular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelhakeem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sayed S, Elsharkawy FM, Amin MM, Shamsel-Din HA, Ibrahim AB. Brain targeting efficiency of intranasal clozapine-loaded mixed micelles following radio labeling with Technetium-99m. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1524-1538. [PMID: 34266360 PMCID: PMC8288143 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1951895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The research objective is to design intranasal (IN) brain targeted CLZ-loaded polymeric nanomicellar systems (PNMS) aiming to improve central systemic CLZ bioavailability. Direct equilibrium method was used to prepare CLZ-PNMS using two hydrophobic poloxamines; Tetronic® 904 (T904) and Tetronic® 701 (T701) and one hydrophilic poloxamer; Synperonic® PE/F127 (F127). Optimization is based on higher percent transmittance, solubilizing efficiency, and in vitro release after 24 h with smaller particle size was achieved using Design-Expert® software. The optimized formula was further evaluated via TEM, ex vivo nasal permeation in addition to in vivo biodistribution using radiolabeling technique of the optimized formula by Technetium-99m (99mTc). The optimized formula M5 has small size (217 nm) with relative high percentage of transmittance (97.72%) and high solubilization efficacy of 60.15-fold following 92.79% of CLZ released after 24 h. Ex vivo nasal permeation showed higher flux of 36.62 μg/cm2.h compared to 7.324 μg/cm2.h for CLZ suspension with no histological irritation. In vivo biodistribution results showed higher values of radioactivity percentage of the labeled optimized formula (99mTc-M5) in brain and brain/blood ratio following IN administration of 99mTc-M5 complex which were greater than their corresponding values following intravenous route. It is obvious that nasal delivery of CLZ-PNMS could be a promising way to improve central systemic CLZ bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Elsharkawy
- Regulatory Affairs Department, Al Andalous for Pharmaceutical Industries, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha M Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A Shamsel-Din
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Ibrahim
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Co-polymer mixed micelles enhanced transdermal transport of Lornoxicam: in vitro characterization, and in vivo assessment of anti-inflammatory effect and antinociceptive activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Abstract
The aim of this work is to survey the potential of cubogel as an ocular dosage form to boost the corneal permeability of Dorzolamide Hydrochloride DZ; an antiglaucomal drug. DZ-loaded cubosomal dispersions were prepared according to Box-Behnken design, where the effect of independent variables; Monoolein MO concentration (2.5, 5 and 7.5%w/w), Pluronic® F127 concentration (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75%w/w) and magnetic stirrer speed of (400, 800 and 1200 rpm) was studied on PS (nm), Zp (−mV) and Q 2 h (%) respectively. The prepared formulae were characterized via drug content DC (%), particle size PS (nm), polydispersity index PDI, zeta potential Zp (−mV), in-vitro drug release (Q 2 h%) and finally TEM. The optimized formulation composed of: 6.13% w/w of MO, 0.75% w/w of F127 and prepared at 1200 rpm stirring speed was chosen based on the criteria of minimum PS (nm), maximum Zp (−mV) and minimum Q 2 h (%). Results revealed that the optimum formula showed PS of 153.3 ± 8.4 n, Zp of 32 ± 3 −mV and 37.78 ± 1.3% released after 2 h. Carbopol 934 (1% w/v) as gelling agent was used to prepare the optimum cubogel, which was further evaluated by DSC, ex-vivo permeation and stability studies at 4 °C for three months. Moreover, in vivo studies of the optimized cubogel include; draize test, histological examination, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. Results revealed that the optimized cubogel was considerably safe, stable and competent to corneal delivery as assured by draize and histological examination. CLSM showed a deeper penetration of more than 2.5-fold. A higher bioavailability (288.24 mg. h/ml) was attained from cubogel compared to the market product Trusopt® eye drops (115.40 mg. h/ml) following IOP measurement. Therefore, DZ-loaded cubogel could be considered as promising delivery system to boost the transcorneal permeation hence corneal bioavailability of DZ as antiglaucomal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinar Sayed
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Maha Mohamed Amin
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Fahmy AM, Hassan M, El-Setouhy DA, Tayel SA, Al-Mahallawi AM. Voriconazole Ternary Micellar Systems for the Treatment of Ocular Mycosis: Statistical Optimization and In Vivo Evaluation. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:2130-2138. [PMID: 33346033 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Voriconazole (VRC) is a broad spectrum, second generation triazole antifungal. The main use of VRC is via the oral and intravenous route. The study aimed to formulate VRC into ternary micellar systems (TMSs) for the topical treatment of ocular mycosis. TMSs were successfully prepared by water addition/solvent evaporation method, applying a 3-factor D-optimal design. The numerical optimization process suggested an optimal formula (OTMS) composed of total Pluronics to drug weight ratio of 22.89: 1, 1:1 weight ratio of Pluronic® P123 and F68, and 2% w/v of Labrasol. OTMS had high solubilization efficiency of 98.0%, small micellar size of 21.8 nm and suitable zeta potential and polydispersity index values of -9.0 mV and 0.261, respectively. OTMS exhibited acceptable stability for 3 months. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the spherical morphology of micelles. OTMS was expected to cause no ocular irritation or blurring in vision as reflected by pH and refractive index measurements. The histopathological study revealed the safety of OTMS for ocular use. The fungal susceptibility testing using Candida albicans demonstrated the superiority of OTMS to VRC suspension, with greater and more durable growth inhibition. Therefore, ocular application of optimized VRC-loaded TMSs can be a promising treatment for ocular mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Muhammad Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ahmed El-Setouhy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saadia Ahmed Tayel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz Mohsen Al-Mahallawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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Aboali FA, Habib DA, Elbedaiwy HM, Farid RM. Curcumin-loaded proniosomal gel as a biofreindly alternative for treatment of ocular inflammation: In-vitro and in-vivo assessment. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119835. [PMID: 32890654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ocular inflammation is a natural defensive phenomenon, but, it results in discomfort in the eye; as well as makes the eye vulnerable to other diseases. The aim of this work is to investigate that Curcumin (CUR) could be an effective safer biofreindly alternative for treatment of ocular inflammation. Complete in-vitro characterization of proniosomal gel loading-CUR using different surfactants was studied. A comparative in-vivo evaluation of selected formulation to a marketed corticosteroid drops in induced-eye inflammation model in rabbits was assessed. The selected formulation (FCr 300) composed of Cremophore RH surfactant, lecithin and cholesterol (9:9:1) loading CUR (1.2% w/w). The formulation showed mean PS(212.0 ± 0.1)nm, PDI (0.3 ± 0.1) , ZP(-5.1 ± 0.2)mV and % EE (96.0 ± 0.1). TEM showed multilamellar circular shaped niosomes with smooth surface. SEM showed ruptured vesicles for the lyophilized formula. Selected proniosomal gel showed enhanced permeability 3.22-fold and 1.76-fold higher than CUR dispersion and its lyophilized form respectively. Both proniosomal gel (FCr300) and corticosteroid drops reduced the induced inflammatory signs effectively by 40% on day-one and complete recovery on day-four. This anti-inflammatory result was confirmed by histopathological analysis after treatment. Assessment of cumulative IOP as a predicted side effect verified the goal of this work. In conclusion, the use of CUR as a natural biofreindly alternative to the current chemical conventional ocular anti-inflammatory treatment protocols is comparable as an anti-inflammatory drug with much less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doaa A Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Heba M Elbedaiwy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ragwa M Farid
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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