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Samara IM, Ntorkou M, Gioumouxouzis CI, Karavasili C, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. Analytical QbD for the optimization of a multimode HPLC method for the investigation of hydrochlorothiazide, diltiazem and propranolol release from 3D printed formulation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116324. [PMID: 38924878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Since 3D printing technology is an emerging field in pharmaceutical technology, the present study aimed at the development of a mixed-mode liquid chromatographic method for the separation and determination of hydrochlorothiazide, diltiazem, and propranolol to investigate their in-vitro release performance from 3D printed tablets. Due to the unique properties of the mixed-mode stationary phase, the three drugs were separated in less than 8 min under isocratic elution. Method development was accomplished following the Analytical Quality by Design principles and was evaluated using risk assessment and multivariate analysis. The influences of critical method parameters on critical method attributes (were screened using a 2-level fractional factorial design and subsequently optimized through a central composite design. The method operable design region was approved by the establishment of a robust zone using Monte Carlo simulation and capability analysis. The validation of the HPLC method was performed based on the total error concept. The relative bias was varied between ─ 11.6 % and 10.5 % and the RSD values for repeatability and intermediate precision were below 4.4 % in all cases. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged between 0.17 - 0.90 μg/mL and were adequate for the specific application. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the studied drugs in in-vitro drug release samples obtained from 3D-printed tablets combining the above-mentioned active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maria Samara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Marianna Ntorkou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Christos I Gioumouxouzis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Christina Karavasili
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Paraskevas D Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Constantinos K Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
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Marzullo L, Gotti R, Orlandini S, Slavíčková P, Jireš J, Zapadlo M, Douša M, Nekvapilová P, Řezanka P, Furlanetto S. Analytical Quality by Design-Compliant Development of a Cyclodextrin-Modified Micellar ElectroKinetic Chromatography Method for the Determination of Trimecaine and Its Impurities. Molecules 2023; 28:4747. [PMID: 37375300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2022, the International Council for Harmonisation released draft guidelines Q2(R2) and Q14, intending to specify the development and validation activities that should be carried out during the lifespan of an analytical technique addressed to assess the quality of medicinal products. In the present study, these recommendations were implemented in Capillary Electrophoresis method development for the quality control of a drug product containing trimecaine, by applying Analytical Quality by Design. According to the Analytical Target Profile, the procedure should be able to simultaneously quantify trimecaine and its four impurities, with specified analytical performances. The selected operative mode was Micellar ElectroKinetic Chromatography employing sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles supplemented with dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin, in a phosphate-borate buffer. The Knowledge Space was investigated through a screening matrix encompassing the composition of the background electrolyte and the instrumental settings. The Critical Method Attributes were identified as analysis time, efficiency, and critical resolution values. Response Surface Methodology and Monte Carlo Simulations allowed the definition of the Method Operable Design Region: 21-26 mM phosphate-borate buffer pH 9.50-9.77; 65.0 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate; 0.25-1.29% v/v n-butanol; 21-26 mM dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin; temperature, 22 °C; voltage, 23-29 kV. The method was validated and applied to ampoules drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marzullo
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Jakub Jireš
- Zentiva, k.s., 10237 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Pavla Nekvapilová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Řezanka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Development and Validation of Two Optimized Multiplexed Serologic Assays for the 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Types. mSphere 2023; 8:e0096221. [PMID: 36926984 PMCID: PMC10117101 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00962-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Two multiplex immunoassays are routinely used to assess antibody responses in clinical trials of the 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine. The HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 competitive Luminex immunoassay (HPV-9 cLIA) and HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 total immunoglobulin G Luminex immunoassay are used for measurements of immunogenicity. Following their initial validation in 2010, both assays were redeveloped, and several parameters were optimized, including the coating concentration of virus-like particles, type of Luminex microspheres, serum sample and reference standard diluent, reference standard starting dilution and titration series, and vendor and concentration of the phycoerythrin-labeled antibodies. Validation studies evaluated the assay performance parameters, including the intra-assay precision (repeatability), intermediate precision, linearity, relative accuracy, and limits of quantitation. In addition, since maintaining a link to the original assays that were used in trials supporting vaccine licensure is critical, the assays were formally bridged to the previous assay versions by using individual patient sera from a 9vHPV vaccine clinical trial (n = 150 day 1 [prevaccination] samples; n = 100 month 7 [1 month post-last vaccine dose] and n = 100 month 36 [30 months post-last vaccine dose; antibody persistence] samples). The results of the validation studies indicate that both optimized assays are accurate, specific, and precise over their respective quantifiable ranges. There was a strong linear association between the new and previous versions of both assays. Assay serostatus cutoffs for the redeveloped assays were established based on the bridging studies and, for the HPV-9 cLIA, further refined, based on additional data from HPV vaccine clinical studies so as to align the seropositivity rates between assay versions. IMPORTANCE Assay modernization is a key aspect of vaccine life cycle management. Thus, new, reoptimized versions of two 9vHPV immunoassays have been developed and validated for use in ongoing and future HPV vaccine clinical trials. These assays are suitable for use in high-throughput testing for HPV antibodies in serum samples. Bridging to previous versions of the assays allows for the continuous monitoring of immune responses across assay versions, including in immunogenicity studies that involve new populations as well as long-term follow-up studies.
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Development of a Quantitative Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis Method for Sugar Components of Xiaochaihu Capsules Based on Quality by Design Concept. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Xiaochaihu capsule is composed of seven traditional Chinese medicines. The pharmacopoeia only focuses on the quantitative detection of baicalin, which cannot fully reflect the quality of the preparation. Some medium polar components were used to establish the fingerprint of Xiaochaihu capsule, but there was no report on the strong polar components. Methods: A high performance liquid chromatography-corona charged aerosol detection technology was used to establish a fingerprint analysis method for Xiaochaihu capsules following an analytical quality by design approach. Definitive screening designed experiments were used to optimize the method parameters. A stepwise regression method was used to build quantitative models. The method operable design region was calculated using the experimental error simulation method. Plackett–Burman designed experiments were carried out to test robustness. Results: The contents of four components were simultaneously determined. There were seven common peaks in the fingerprint. The common peak area accounted for 91.72%. Both fingerprint and quantitative analysis methods were validated as applicable in the methodology study. The quantitative fingerprint analysis method for sugar components can fill the gap in the detection of strong polar components in the existing methods. It provides a new technology for the comprehensive overall evaluation of Xiaochaihu capsule.
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De Ricco R, Rech F, Onnis V, Coccone SS, Scalia G, Marcozzi C, Gavini M, Beni S, Giannini S, Nompari L, Parlati C, Magagnoli C, Cianetti S, Berti F. Development of a New Solid-Phase Extraction Base Method for Free Saccharide Content Estimation of Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccines. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39875-39883. [PMID: 36385865 PMCID: PMC9648139 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) is currently developing a fully liquid presentation to ease the administration of the licensed quadrivalent conjugate vaccine (Menveo) against meningococcal serogroup A, C, W, and Y (MenACWY) infections. Herein, we report a new method for determining the free saccharide (FS) content of CRM197-MenACWY conjugated antigens, with the aim of improving accuracy and reproducibility. Mathematical models have been used to support technical knowledge in reducing the need for experimental development. This results in an improved, faster, and platform-based technique for FS separation with one single pretreatment applicable to all antigens of the multivalent meningococcal vaccine.
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Park G, Kim MK, Go SH, Choi M, Jang YP. Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) Approach to the Development of Analytical Procedures for Medicinal Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212960. [PMID: 36365413 PMCID: PMC9653622 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Scientific regulatory systems with suitable analytical methods for monitoring quality, safety, and efficacy are essential in medicinal plant drug discovery. There have been only few attempts to adopt the analytical quality by design (AQbD) strategy in medicinal plants analysis over the last few years. AQbD is a holistic method and development approach that understands analytical procedure, from risk assessment to lifecycle management. The enhanced AQbD approach reduces the time and effort necessary to develop reliable analytical methods, leads to flexible change control through the method operable design region (MODR), and lowers the out-of-specification (OOS) results. However, it is difficult to follow all the AQbD workflow steps in the field of medicinal plants analysis, such as defining the analytical target profiles (ATPs), identifying critical analytical procedure parameters (CAPPs), among others, because the complexity of chemical and biological properties in medicinal plants acts as a barrier. In this review, various applications of AQbD to medicinal plant analytical procedures are discussed. Unlike the analysis of a single compound, medicinal plant analysis is characterized by analyzing multiple components contained in biological materials, so it will be summarized by focusing on the following points: Analytical methods showing correlations within analysis parameters for the specific medicinal plant analysis, plant raw material diversity, one or more analysis targets defined for multiple phytochemicals, key analysis attributes, and analysis control strategies. In addition, the opportunities available through the use of design-based quality management techniques and the challenges that coexist are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonha Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kim
- Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Go
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Minsik Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Young Pyo Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-9421
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Orlandini S, Hancu G, Szabó ZI, Modroiu A, Papp LA, Gotti R, Furlanetto S. New Trends in the Quality Control of Enantiomeric Drugs: Quality by Design-Compliant Development of Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207058. [PMID: 36296650 PMCID: PMC9607418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a potent method for analyzing chiral substances and is commonly used in the enantioseparation and chiral purity control of pharmaceuticals from different matrices. The adoption of Quality by Design (QbD) concepts in analytical method development, optimization and validation is a widespread trend observed in various analytical approaches including chiral CE. The application of Analytical QbD (AQbD) leads to the development of analytical methods based on sound science combined with risk management, and to a well understood process clarifying the influence of method parameters on the analytical output. The Design of Experiments (DoE) method employing chemometric tools is an essential part of QbD-based method development, allowing for the simultaneous evaluation of experimental parameters as well as their interaction. In 2022 the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) released two draft guidelines (ICH Q14 and ICH Q2(R2)) that are intended to encourage more robust analytical procedures. The ICH Q14 guideline intends to harmonize the scientific approaches for analytical procedures’ development, while the Q2(R2) document covers the validation principles for the use of analytical procedures including the recent applications that require multivariate statistical analyses. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the new prospects for chiral CE method development applied for the enantiomeric purity control of pharmaceuticals using AQbD principles. The review also provides an overview of recent research (2012–2022) on the applicability of CE methods in chiral drug impurity profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Adriana Modroiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Lajos-Attila Papp
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
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Lalchandani DS, Paritala S, Gupta PK, Porwal PK. Application of Supervised and Unsupervised Learning Approaches for Mapping Storage Conditions of Biopharmaceutical Product-A Case Study of Human Serum Albumin. J Chromatogr Sci 2022:6640002. [PMID: 35817343 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The stability of biopharmaceutical therapeutics over the storage period/shelf life has been a challenging concern for manufacturers. A noble strategy for mapping best and suitable storage conditions for recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) in laboratory mixture was optimized using chromatographic data as per principal component analysis (PCA), and similarity was defined using hierarchical cluster analysis. In contrast, separability was defined using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) models. The quantitation was performed for rHSA peak (analyte of interest) and its degraded products, i.e., dimer, trimer, agglomerates and other degradation products. The chromatographic variables were calculated using validated stability-indicating assay method. The chromatographic data mapping was done for the above-mentioned peaks over three months at different temperatures, i.e., 20°C, 5-8°C and at room temperature (25°C). The PCA had figured out the ungrouped variable, whereas supervised mapping was done using LDA. As an outcome result of LDA, about 60% of data were correctly classified with the highest sensitivity for 25°C (Aq), 25°C and 5-8°C (Aq with 5% glucose as a stabilizer), whereas the highest specificity was observed for samples stored at 5-8°C (Aq with 5% glucose as a stabilizer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple S Lalchandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati (NIPER-G), Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Sreeteja Paritala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati (NIPER-G), Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Maharajpura, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474 005, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Porwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati (NIPER-G), Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
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Pawar A, Pandita N. Application of the "Method Operable Design Region" (MODR) approach for the development of a UHPLC method for the assay and purity determination of risperidone in risperidone drug substance and other formulations. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5433. [PMID: 35760414 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To understand the role of analytics in drug development, regulatory bodies also started using the approach of Quality by Design (QbD) during analytical method developments. The present study deals with the development of the "Method Operable Design Region" for assay and purity determination of risperidone in risperidone drug substance and formulations usingy UHPLC. Five different column chemistries, five different pH buffers, oven temperatures from 25 to 45°C, and different organic modifier composition, column lengths and flow rates were studied and statistically evaluated using Fusion QbD software. The final method parameters were selected by performing multivariable changes in a single run and evaluated using the Monte Carlo simulation approach. The uniqueness of this method is that it is mass compatible, a total of 10 peaks are separated within a short run time of 12.0 min and it uses a "Platforming approach", which means the use of a single method for testing the drug substance, different strengths of a drug product and different formulations. The same method can be also used for the determination of the preservative (benzoic acid) in risperidone 1 mg/ml oral solution. The use of the QbD approach is aligned with the US Pharmacopeia <1220>, BP supplementary chapter 2022 and the International Conference on Harmonization Q14 guidelines for life cycle management of analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nancy Pandita
- Department of Chemistry, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Daniel S, Kis Z, Kontoravdi C, Shah N. Quality by Design for enabling RNA platform production processes. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1213-1228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Verch T, Campa C, Chéry CC, Frenkel R, Graul T, Jaya N, Nakhle B, Springall J, Starkey J, Wypych J, Ranheim T. Analytical Quality by Design, Life Cycle Management, and Method Control. AAPS J 2022; 24:34. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAnalytical methods are utilized throughout the biopharmaceutical and vaccines industries to conduct research and development, and to help control manufacturing inputs and outputs. These analytical methods should continuously provide quality data to support decisions while managing the remaining of risk and uncertainty. Analytical quality by design (AQbD) can provide a systematic framework to achieve a continuously validated, robust assay as well as life cycle management. AQbD is rooted in ICH guidelines Q8 and Q9 that were translated to the analytical space through several white papers as well as upcoming USP 1220 and ICH Q14. In this white paper, we expand on the previously published concepts of AQbD by providing additional context for implementation in relation to ICH Q14. Using illustrative examples, we describe the AQbD workflow, its relation to traditional approaches, and potential pathways for ongoing, real-time verification. We will also discuss challenges with respect to implementation and regulatory strategies.
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Dong Y, Liu Z, Li C, Pinter E, Potts A, Tadey T, Weiser W. Perspectives in modeling and model validation during analytical quality by design chromatographic method evaluation: a case study. AAPS OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41120-021-00037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDesign of experiments (DOE)-based analytical quality by design (AQbD) method evaluation, development, and validation is gaining momentum and has the potential to create robust chromatographic methods through deeper understanding and control of variability. In this paper, a case study is used to explore the pros, cons, and pitfalls of using various chromatographic responses as modeling targets during a DOE-based AQbD approach. The case study involves evaluation of a reverse phase gradient HPLC method by a modified circumscribed central composite (CCC) response surface DOE.Solid models were produced for most responses and their validation was assessed with graphical and numeric statistics as well as chromatographic mechanistic understanding. The five most relevant responses with valid models were selected for multiple responses method optimization and the final optimized method was chosen based on the Method Operable Design Region (MODR). The final method has a much larger MODR than the original method and is thus more robust.This study showcases how to use AQbD to gain deep method understanding and make informed decisions on method suitability. Discoveries and discussions in this case study may contribute to continuous improvement of AQbD chromatography practices in the pharmaceutical industry.
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