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Bácskay I, Hosszú Z, Budai I, Ujhelyi Z, Fehér P, Kósa D, Haimhoffer Á, Pető Á. Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches Containing BGP-15. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:36. [PMID: 38258047 PMCID: PMC10819821 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BGP-15 is an active ingredient with many advantages, e.g., beneficial cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory effects. The transdermal administration of BGP-15 has great potential, which has not been investigated yet, despite the fact that it is a non-invasive and safe form of treatment. The aim of our study was to formulate transdermal patches containing BGP-15 and optimize the production with the Box-Behnken design of experiment. The most optimal formulation was further combined with penetration enhancers to improve bioavailability of the active ingredient, and the in vitro drug release and in vitro permeation of BGP-15 from the patches were investigated. FTIR spectra of BGP-15, the formulations and the components were also studied. The most optimal formulation based on the tested parameters was dried for 24 h, with 67% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) content and low ethanol content. The selected penetration enhancer excipients were not cytotoxic on HaCaT cells. The FTIR measurements and SEM photography proved the compatibility of the active substance and the vehicle; BGP-15 was present in the polymer matrix in dissolved form. The bioavailability of BGP-15 was most significantly enhanced by the combination of Transcutol and Labrasol. The in vitro permeation study confirmed that the formulated patches successfully enabled the transdermal administration of BGP-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Hosszú
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Budai
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, Ótemető Utca 2-4, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Kósa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágota Pető
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Nguyen KTT, Zillen D, van Heijningen FFM, van Bommel KJC, van Ee RJ, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Surface Engineering Methods for Powder Bed Printed Tablets to Optimize External Smoothness and Facilitate the Application of Different Coatings. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2193. [PMID: 37765163 PMCID: PMC10537163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous attempt to achieve ileo-colonic targeting of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (BIAP), we applied a pH-dependent coating, the ColoPulse coating, directly on powder bed printed (PBP) tablets. However, the high surface roughness necessitated an additional sub-coating layer [Nguyen, K. T. T., Pharmaceutics 2022]. In this study, we aimed to find a production method for PBP tablets containing BIAP that allows the direct application of coating systems. Alterations of the printing parameters, binder content, and printing layer height, when combined, were demonstrated to create visually less rough PBP tablets. The addition of ethanol vapor treatment further improved the surface's smoothness significantly. These changes enabled the direct application of the ColoPulse, or enteric coating, without a sub-coating. In vitro release testing showed the desired ileo-colonic release or upper-intestinal release for ColoPulse or enteric-coated tablets, respectively. Tablets containing BIAP, encapsulated within an inulin glass, maintained a high enzymatic activity (over 95%) even after 2 months of storage at 2-8 °C. Importantly, the coating process did not affect the activity of BIAP. In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, the successful production of PBP tablets with surfaces that are directly coatable with the ColoPulse coating while preserving the stability of the encapsulated biopharmaceutical, BIAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh T. T. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (K.T.T.N.); (D.Z.); (H.W.F.)
| | - Daan Zillen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (K.T.T.N.); (D.Z.); (H.W.F.)
| | - Franca F. M. van Heijningen
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (F.F.M.v.H.); (K.J.C.v.B.); (R.J.v.E.)
| | - Kjeld J. C. van Bommel
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (F.F.M.v.H.); (K.J.C.v.B.); (R.J.v.E.)
| | - Renz J. van Ee
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (F.F.M.v.H.); (K.J.C.v.B.); (R.J.v.E.)
| | - Henderik W. Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (K.T.T.N.); (D.Z.); (H.W.F.)
| | - Wouter L. J. Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (K.T.T.N.); (D.Z.); (H.W.F.)
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Blynskaya EV, Tishkov SV, Vinogradov VP, Alekseev KV, Marakhova AI, Vetcher AA. Polymeric Excipients in the Technology of Floating Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122779. [PMID: 36559272 PMCID: PMC9786229 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of targeted transport and improvement of the release profile of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is a current trend in the development of oral medicinal products (MP). A well-known way to implement this concept is to obtain floating gastroretentive delivery systems that provide a long stay of the dosage form (DF) on the surface of the stomach contents. The nomenclature of excipients (Es) of a polymeric nature used in the technology of obtaining floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) is discussed. Based on the data presented in research papers, the most widely used groups of polymers, their properties, and their purpose in various technological approaches to achieving buoyancy have been determined. In addition, ways to modify the release of APIs in these systems and the Es used for this are described. The current trends in the use of polymers in the technology of floating dosage forms (FDF) and generalized conclusions about the prospects of this direction are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia V. Blynskaya
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Tishkov
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Vinogradov
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V. Alekseev
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna I. Marakhova
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandre A. Vetcher
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Complementary and Integrative Health Clinic of Dr. Shishonin, 5 Yasnogorskaya St., 117588 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Haimhoffer Á, Vasvári G, Budai I, Béresová M, Deák Á, Németh N, Váradi J, Sinka D, Bácskay I, Vecsernyés M, Fenyvesi F. In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of a Verapamil-Containing Gastroretentive Solid Foam Capsule. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020350. [PMID: 35214082 PMCID: PMC8878168 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroretentive systems may overcome problems associated with incomplete drug absorption by localized release of the API in the stomach. Low-density drug delivery systems can float in the gastric content and improve the bioavailability of small molecules. The current publication presents verapamil–HCl-containing solid foam prepared by continuous manufacturing. Production runs were validated, and the foam structure was characterized by micro-CT scans and SEM. Dissolution properties, texture changes during dissolution, and floating forces were analyzed. An optimized formulation was chosen and given orally to Beagle dogs to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of the solid foam capsules. As a result, a 12.5 m/m% stearic acid content was found to be the most effective to reduce the apparent density of capsules. Drug release can be described by the first-order model, where 70% of verapamil dissolved after 10 h from the optimized formulation. The texture analysis proved that the structures of the solid foams are resistant. Additionally, the floating forces of the samples remained constant during their dissolution in acidic media. An in vivo study confirmed the prolonged release of the API, and gastroscopic images verified the retention of the capsule in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (D.S.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (D.S.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
| | - István Budai
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, Ótemető Street 2-4, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Monika Béresová
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 94, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Ádám Deák
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zsigmond u. 22, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Norbert Németh
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zsigmond u. 22, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (D.S.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Dávid Sinka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (D.S.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (D.S.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (D.S.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (D.S.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Haimhoffer Á, Fenyvesi F, Lekli I, Béresová M, Bak I, Czagány M, Vasvári G, Bácskay I, Tóth J, Budai I. Preparation of Acyclovir-Containing Solid Foam by Ultrasonic Batch Technology. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101571. [PMID: 34683864 PMCID: PMC8541121 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the application of solid foams has become widespread. Solid foams are not only used in the aerospace field but also in everyday life. Although foams are promising dosage forms in the pharmaceutical industry, their usage is not prevalent due to decreased stability of the solid foam structure. These special dosage forms can result in increased bioavailability of drugs. Low-density floating formulations can also increase the gastric residence time of drugs; therefore, drug release will be sustained. Our aim was to produce a stable floating formula by foaming. Matrix components, PEG 4000 and stearic acid type 50, were selected with the criteria of low gastric irritation, a melting range below 70 °C, and well-known use in oral drug formulations. This matrix was melted at 54 °C in order to produce a dispersion of active substance and was foamed by different gases at atmospheric pressure using an ultrasonic homogenizer. The density of the molded solid foam was studied by the pycnometer method, and its structure was investigated by SEM and micro-CT. The prolonged drug release and mucoadhesive properties were proved in a pH 1.2 buffer. According to our experiments, a stable foam could be produced by rapid homogenization (less than 1 min) without any surfactant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (F.F.); (G.V.); (I.B.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (F.F.); (G.V.); (I.B.)
| | - István Lekli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.L.); (I.B.)
| | - Mónika Béresová
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 94, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - István Bak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.L.); (I.B.)
| | - Máté Czagány
- Institute of Physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming and Nanotechnology, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary;
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (F.F.); (G.V.); (I.B.)
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (F.F.); (G.V.); (I.B.)
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Tóth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - István Budai
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, Ótemető Str. 2-4, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-202128618
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