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Larid G, Vix J, Preuss P, Robin F, Tison A, Delaveau C, Krajewski F, Bouvard B, Chu Miow Lin D, Guggenbuhl P, Maugars Y, Saraux A, Debiais F. Detection of hypophosphatasia in hospitalised adults in rheumatology and internal medicine departments: a multicentre study over 10 years. RMD Open 2024; 10:e004316. [PMID: 38580346 PMCID: PMC11002352 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2024-004316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene encoding the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Mild HPP is usually misdiagnosed in adult age. While an elevated serum ALP value draws more attention than a low value, low serum ALP should be better recognised and may lead to HPP detection. METHODS Patients were selected from the records of the biochemistry department of six University Hospitals in France. Patients were hospitalised in the departments of rheumatology and internal medicine between 2007 and 2017. RESULTS 56 321 hospitalised patients had at least 2 serum ALP dosages and 664 of these patients had at least 2 low serum ALP≤35 UI/L. Among these 664 patients, 482 (72.6%) had fluctuating low values (mean age 62.9 years; 60% of women) and 182 patients (27.4%) had persistent low values below 35 IU/L (mean age 53.4 years; 67% of women). Among patients with persistent hypophosphatasaemia treated with bisphosphonates, 70.8% never had ALP measurement before treatment and 20.8% were treated despite an abnormal decrease of ALP. Genetic testing was performed in 18 patients and was positive in 11. Genetic diagnosis of HPP was at least 6.0% in persistent hypophosphatasaemia and at least 15.9% in patients with at least three symptoms suggestive of HPP. CONCLUSION In this 10-year retrospective study, 0.32% of adult patients hospitalised in the rheumatology and internal medicine departments had persistently low serum ALP, and among them, 6% had genetically proven HPP. Reported hypophosphatasaemia represented only 3.6% of hospitalised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Larid
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- LITEC, Poitiers University, Poitiers, France
| | - Justine Vix
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Delphine Chu Miow Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, France
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Cinque L, Pugliese F, Salcuni AS, Trombetta D, Battista C, Biagini T, Augello B, Nardella G, Conti F, Corbetta S, Fischetto R, Foiadelli T, Gaudio A, Giannini C, Grosso E, Guabello G, Massuras S, Palermo A, Politano L, Pigliaru F, Ruggeri RM, Scarano E, Vicchio P, Cannavò S, Celli M, Petrizzelli F, Mastroianno M, Castori M, Scillitani A, Guarnieri V. Clinical and molecular description of the first Italian cohort of 33 subjects with hypophosphatasia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1205977. [PMID: 37600704 PMCID: PMC10433156 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1205977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disease caused by inactivating variants of the ALPL gene. Few data are available on the clinical presentation in Italy and/or on Italian HPP surveys. Methods There were 30 suspected HPP patients recruited from different Italian tertiary cares. Biological samples and related clinical, biochemical, and anamnestic data were collected and the ALPL gene sequenced. Search for large genomic deletions at the ALPL locus (1p36) was done. Phylogenetic conservation and modeling were applied to infer the effect of the variants on the protein structure. Results There were 21 ALPL variants and one large genomic deletion found in 20 out of 30 patients. Unexpectedly, NGS-driven differential diagnosis allowed uncovering three hidden additional HPP cases, for a total of 33 HPP subjects. Eight out of 24 coding variants were novel and classified as "pathogenic", "likely pathogenic", and "variants of uncertain significance". Bioinformatic analysis confirmed that all the variants strongly destabilize the homodimer structure. There were 10 cases with low ALP and high VitB6 that resulted negative to genetic testing, whereas two positive cases have an unexpected normal ALP value. No association was evident with other biochemical/clinical parameters. Discussion We present the survey of HPP Italian patients with the highest ALPL mutation rate so far reported and confirm the complexity of a prompt recognition of the syndrome, mostly for HPP in adults. Low ALP and high VitB6 values are mandatory for the genetic screening, this latter remaining the gold standard not only to confirm the clinical diagnosis but also to make differential diagnosis, to identify carriers, to avoid likely dangerous therapy in unrecognized cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Cinque
- Department of Pediatrics, “G D’Annunzioof Pediatrics, ” University of Chieti-Pescara, Foggia, Italy
| | - Flavia Pugliese
- Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Stefano Salcuni
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Claudia Battista
- Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Augello
- Department of Pediatrics, “G D’Annunzioof Pediatrics, ” University of Chieti-Pescara, Foggia, Italy
| | - Grazia Nardella
- Department of Pediatrics, “G D’Annunzioof Pediatrics, ” University of Chieti-Pescara, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Conti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Corbetta
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Fischetto
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children’s Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Thomas Foiadelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation-University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Agostino Gaudio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Grosso
- Medical Genetics, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Gregorio Guabello
- Reumatology Unit, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Massuras
- Medical Genetics, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Politano
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pigliaru
- Endocrine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Human Pathology DETEV “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarano
- Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Orsola, Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piera Vicchio
- Department of Pediatrics, Jazzolino Hospital, Vibo Valentia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cannavò
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Human Pathology DETEV “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mauro Celli
- Rare Bone Metabolism Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrizzelli
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Mastroianno
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Department of Pediatrics, “G D’Annunzioof Pediatrics, ” University of Chieti-Pescara, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Scillitani
- Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vito Guarnieri
- Department of Pediatrics, “G D’Annunzioof Pediatrics, ” University of Chieti-Pescara, Foggia, Italy
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Marini F, Giusti F, Marasco E, Xumerle L, Kwiatkowska KM, Garagnani P, Biver E, Ferrari S, Iolascon G, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML. High frequency of heterozygous rare variants of the SLC34A1 and SLC9A3R1 genes in patients with atypical femur fracture. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 188:6986589. [PMID: 36762943 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atypical femur fractures (AFFs) are rare fragility fractures originating at the lateral cortex of the femur, affecting the subtrochanteric or diaphyseal area of thebone with a transverse morphology. Occurrence of AFF is specifically associated with a small number of rare monogenic congenital metabolic bone disorders, such as hypophosphatasia, and with long-term treatment with antiresorptiondrugs. The exact pathogenesis of these fractures remains poorly understood and, except for cases of diagnosed HPP or other AFF-causing bone diseases, it is not possible to assess which patients are at higher riskof developing AFFs as a consequence of anti-resorption therapy. DESIGN We genetically screened 25 unrelated patients who had developed at least one AFF. INTERVENTION Genetic screening was performed through a nextgeneration sequencing analysis with a customized panel containing 76 human genes involved in the regulation of the mineralization processWe genetically screened 25 unrelated patients who had developed at least one AFF. RESULTS We found a relatively high frequency (32.0%) of heterozygous rare variants inthe SLC34A1 and SLC9A3R1 genes, two genes whose heterozygous inactivating mutations have been respectively associated with autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic nephrolithiasis/osteoporosis types 1 and 2 (NPHLOP1and NPHLOP2). Other heterozygous rare variants were found in the BMPR1B, CYP27B1, FBN1, MEPE, PIGO, and PHOSPHO1 genes, each in a single AFF case (4.0%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our findings suggest that rarevariants of SLC34A1 and SLC9A3R1 could represent a possible genetic risk factor for the occurrence of AFFs. On the other hand, AFFs could represent an unsuspected clinical manifestation and/or an anti-resorption therapycorrelatedadverse event in patients with NPHLOP disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marini
- FirmoLab, FIRMO Onlus, Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, Florence 50141, Italy
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Donatello Bone Clinic, Villa Donatello Hospital, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Elena Marasco
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Personal Genomics SRL, Verona 37136, Italy
| | - Luciano Xumerle
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Personal Genomics SRL, Verona 37136, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Garagnani
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Personal Genomics SRL, Verona 37136, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- FirmoLab, FIRMO Onlus, Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, Florence 50141, Italy
- Donatello Bone Clinic, Villa Donatello Hospital, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
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