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Alrashid MH, Al-Serri AE, Hussain RF, Al-Bustan SA, Al-Barrak J. Association Study of IGF-1 rs35767 and rs6214 Gene Polymorphisms with Cancer Susceptibility and Circulating Levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3166. [PMID: 38137390 PMCID: PMC10740888 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) increases the 5-year survival rate by 90%; therefore, non-invasive biomarkers such as measurable circulating proteins for early detection and prognosis are crucial. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) bind and inhibit the activity of IGF-1. It was inconsistently reported that high IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 and low IGFBP-3 circulating levels are associated with high cancer risk, poor prognosis, and tumor metastasis in several cancers. A total of 175 patients with CRC and 429 controls were enrolled in this study. We genotyped for IGF-1 rs35767 and rs6214 gene polymorphisms and assessed their association with circulating levels of IGF-1 and/or the risk for CRC. We also determined plasma levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3. Neither rs35767 nor rs2614 were associated with cancer risk or IGF-1 levels in our study cohort. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were higher in controls than in patients, whereas IGFBP-2 was higher in patients than in controls. Only IGFBP-2 was associated with increased tumor grade but not stage. Therefore, IGF-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 may be useful as early detection and prognostic biomarkers in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam H. Alrashid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait; (R.F.H.); (S.A.A.-B.)
| | - Ahmad E. Al-Serri
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait;
| | - Rubina F. Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait; (R.F.H.); (S.A.A.-B.)
| | - Suzanne A. Al-Bustan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait; (R.F.H.); (S.A.A.-B.)
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2
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Yang C, Lim W, Bae H, Bazer FW, Song G. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 induces proliferation and prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4527-4541. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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3
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Raymond AA, Javary J, Breig O, Neaud V, Rosenbaum J. Reptin regulates insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in hepatocellular carcinoma via the regulation of SHP-1/PTPN6. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:289-295. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Aurélie Raymond
- University of Bordeaux; INSERM, U1053, Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn; Bordeaux France
| | - Joaquim Javary
- University of Bordeaux; INSERM, U1053, Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn; Bordeaux France
| | - Osman Breig
- University of Bordeaux; INSERM, U1053, Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn; Bordeaux France
| | - Véronique Neaud
- University of Bordeaux; INSERM, U1053, Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn; Bordeaux France
| | - Jean Rosenbaum
- University of Bordeaux; INSERM, U1053, Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn; Bordeaux France
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Camp ME, Wiley AA, Boulos MB, Rahman KM, Bartol FF, Bagnell CA. Effects of age, nursing, and oral IGF1 supplementation on neonatal porcine cervical development. Reproduction 2014; 148:441-51. [PMID: 25074922 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nursing supports neonatal porcine uterine and testicular development, however, lactocrine effects on cervical development are undefined. Studies were conducted to determine the effects of i) age and the imposition of the lactocrine-null state from birth (postnatal day 0 (PND0)) by milk replacer feeding on cervical histology; ii) imposition of the lactocrine-null state for 2 days from birth on cervical cell proliferation, as reflected by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining; and iii) a single feeding of colostrum or milk replacer, administered at birth, with or without oral IGF1, on cervical cell proliferation and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein levels at 12 h postnatal. Cervical crypt depth and height of luminal epithelium (LE) increased with age by PND14, when both responses were reduced in replacer-fed gilts. Cell proliferation was reduced in LE at PND2, and in crypt epithelium and stroma by PND14 in replacer-fed gilts. Returning replacer-fed gilts to nursing on PND2 did not rescue the cervical phenotype by PND14. A single feeding of colostrum, but not milk replacer, was sufficient to support cervical cell proliferation at 12 h postnatal. IGF1 supplementation induced cell proliferation in replacer-fed gilts, and increased cervical pAKT and BCL2 levels in colostrum-fed gilts and replacer-fed gilts at 12 h postnatal. Results indicate that age and nursing support porcine cervical development, support is initiated at first ingestion of colostrum, IGF1 may be lactocrine-active, and identification of lactocrine-active factors can be accomplished by 12 h postnatal using this bioassay system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith E Camp
- Department of Animal SciencesEndocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USADepartment of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Anne A Wiley
- Department of Animal SciencesEndocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USADepartment of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Monica B Boulos
- Department of Animal SciencesEndocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USADepartment of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Kathleen M Rahman
- Department of Animal SciencesEndocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USADepartment of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Frank F Bartol
- Department of Animal SciencesEndocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USADepartment of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Carol A Bagnell
- Department of Animal SciencesEndocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USADepartment of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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Deficiency of MTMR14 promotes autophagy and proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 392:31-7. [PMID: 24623267 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
MTMR14 is a phosphoinositide phosphatase, which has been reported to regulate the maintenance of normal muscle performance and aging in mice. However, the function of MTMR14 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) remains largely unknown. In this study, we established MTMR14 WT and KO MEFs and showed that MTMR14 is localized in whole MEFs, with higher level in nucleus and lower in cytoplasm, partially overlapping with mitochondrial. Compared with the WT control, MTMR14 KO MEFs exhibit a higher proliferation rate and more obvious autophagy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that KO of MTMR14 significantly decreased the mRNA levels of p21 and p27, while increased those of cyclinD and cyclinE. Upon (insulin-like growth factor) IGF stimulation, we also found KO of MTMR14 enhanced the phosphorylation levels of AKT and ERK in MEFs. Based on these findings, we propose that defect of MTMR14 promotes autophagy and cell proliferation in MEFs.
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Sartelet H, Rougemont AL, Fabre M, Castaing M, Duval M, Fetni R, Michiels S, Beaunoyer M, Vassal G. Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/AKT pathway in neuroblastoma and its regulation by thioredoxin 1. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:1727-39. [PMID: 21641013 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric tumor with poor survival. The phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/AKT pathway is a crucial regulator of cellular processes including apoptosis. Thioredoxin 1, an inhibitor of tumor-suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog, is overexpressed in many tumors. The objective of this study was to explore phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/AKT pathway activation and regulation by thioredoxin 1 to identify potential therapeutic targets. Immunohistochemical analysis was done on tissue microarrays from tumor samples of 101 patients, using antibodies against phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, AKT, activated AKT, phosphatase and tensin homolog, phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homolog, thioredoxin 1, epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth receptor 2), platelet-derived growth factor receptors, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2, phosphorylated 70-kd S6 protein kinase, 4E-binding protein 1, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin. Using 3 neuroblastoma cell lines, we investigated cell viability with AKT-specific inhibitors (LY294002, RAD001) and thioredoxin 1 alone or in combination. We found activated AKT and AKT expressed in 97% and 98%, respectively, of neuroblastomas, despite a high expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog correlated with thioredoxin 1. AKT expression was greater in metastatic than primary tumors. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor type 2, vascular endothelial growth receptor 1, and downstream phosphorylated 70-kd S6 protein kinase were correlated with activated AKT. LY294002 and RAD001 significantly reduced AKT activity and cell viability and induced a G(1) cell cycle arrest. Thioredoxin 1 decreased cytotoxicity of AKT inhibitors and doxorubicin, up-regulated AKT activation, and induced cell growth. Thus, vascular endothelial growth receptor 1, tyrosine kinase receptor type 2, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, and thioredoxin 1 emerged as preferentially committed to phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/AKT pathway activation as observed in neuroblastoma. Thioredoxin 1 is a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Sartelet
- UPRES EA3535, University of Paris South, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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Finn RS, Bengala C, Ibrahim N, Roché H, Sparano J, Strauss LC, Fairchild J, Sy O, Goldstein LJ. Dasatinib as a Single Agent in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Results of an Open-Label Phase 2 Study. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:6905-13. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Burgos SA, Cant JP. IGF-1 stimulates protein synthesis by enhanced signaling through mTORC1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2010; 38:211-21. [PMID: 20163929 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using the MAC-T cell line as a model, the effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 on the regulation of protein synthesis through the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in bovine mammary epithelial cells were evaluated. Global rates of protein synthesis increased by 47% within 30 min of IGF-1 treatment. The effect of IGF-1 on protein synthesis was associated with enhanced association of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E with eIF4G and a concomitant reduction of eIF4E association with eIF4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1). There was a progressive increase in the phosphorylation state of ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1, a downstream target of mTORC1 in response to IGF-1. In addition, IGF-1 stimulated mTORC1 kinase activity toward 4E-BP1 in vitro. Phosphorylation on Ser473 of Akt was induced by IGF-1 within 5 min and remained elevated throughout a 30-min time course. The effect of IGF-1 on Akt phosphorylation was also concentration dependent. Activation of Akt by IGF-1 led to increased phosphorylation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 on Thr1426, without any change in its association with tuberous sclerosis complex 1. Phosphorylation of proline-rich Akt substrate of 40-kDa (PRAS40) at Thr246 was stimulated by IGF-1. The amount of PRAS40 associated with mTORC1 decreased in response to IGF-1, and PRAS40 binding to mTORC1 was inversely related to its phosphorylation level. Overall, these results suggest that activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway by IGF-1 stimulated global protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells through changes in the phosphorylation and association state of components of the mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Burgos
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Annenkov A. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor type 1 (IGF1R) as an essential component of the signalling network regulating neurogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2009; 40:195-215. [PMID: 19714501 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-009-8081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor receptor type 1 (IGF1R) signalling pathway is activated in the mammalian nervous system from early developmental stages. Its major effect on developing neural cells is to promote their growth and survival. This pathway can integrate its action with signalling pathways of growth and morphogenetic factors that induce cell fate specification and selective expansion of specified neural cell subsets. This suggests that during developmental and adult neurogenesis cellular responses to many signalling factors, including ligands of Notch, sonic hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor family members, ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor, bone morphogenetic proteins and Wingless and Int-1, may be modified by co-activation of the IGF1R. Modulation of cell migration is another possible role that IGF1R activation may play in neurogenesis. Here, I briefly overview neurogenesis and discuss a role for IGF1R-mediated signalling in the developing and mature nervous system with emphasis on crosstalk between the signalling pathways of the IGF1R and other factors regulating neural cell development and migration. Studies on neural as well as on non-neural cells are highlighted because it may be interesting to test in neurogenic paradigms some of the models based on the information obtained in studies on non-neural cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Annenkov
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, UK.
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Leung ELH, Tam IYS, Tin VPC, Chua DTT, Sihoe ADL, Cheng LC, Ho JCM, Chung LP, Wong MP. SRC promotes survival and invasion of lung cancers with epidermal growth factor receptor abnormalities and is a potential candidate for molecular-targeted therapy. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:923-32. [PMID: 19491201 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular-targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an effective therapy for non-small cell lung cancer that harbor EGFR mutations. This study aimed to investigate the role of Src, a close EGFR associator, as a drug target in NSCLC cells with different EGFR genomic statuses. Src inhibition was achieved using 4-(4'-Phenoxyanilino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolinee (SKI-1) and the specificity of action was verified by RNA interference. The results showed that SKI-1 induced significant apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in cancer cells with high basal Src activation. Activation of FAK and p130Cas was involved in Src-mediated invasion in SKI-1-sensitive cells. SKI-1 inhibited phosphorylation of EGFR as well as EGFR downstream effectors, such as signal transducers and activators of transcription 3/5, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and AKT in the mutant cells but not the wild-type cells. This inhibition profile of EGFR implicates that induction of apoptosis and sensitivity of mutant cells to SKI treatment is mediated by EGFR and EGFR downstream pathways. Cotreatment with SKI-1 and gefitinib enhanced apoptosis in cancer cells that contained EGFR mutation and/or amplification. SKI-1 treatment alone induced significant apoptosis in H1975 cells known to be resistant to gefitinib. Src phosphorylation was shown by immunohistochemistry in around 30% of primary lung carcinomas. In 152 adenocarcinomas studied, p-Src was associated with EGFR mutations (P = 0.029). Overall, the findings indicated that Src could be a useful target for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Besides EGFR genomic mutations, other forms of EGFR and related family member abnormalities such as EGFR amplification might enhance SKI sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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11
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Loor JJ, Cohick WS. ASAS centennial paper: Lactation biology for the twenty-first century. J Anim Sci 2008; 87:813-24. [PMID: 18820152 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of general aspects of mammary gland function, including metabolic pathways and hormonal regulation of mammary gland development and lactation, in livestock species was obtained several decades ago. As basic biological information of growth factor action, apoptotic mechanisms, and signal transduction events has exploded, the mouse became the model of choice for studying fundamental mechanisms regulating mammary function. A complete sequenced genome also has made the mouse amenable for studies of mammary gene network expression. Advances in molecular biology techniques currently allow researchers to genetically modify mice to either overexpress or completely lack specific genes, thereby studying their function in an in vivo setting. Furthermore, the use of mammary-specific promoters has allowed genes related to mammary gland function to be eliminated from the mammary gland in a developmental and tissue-specific manner. These studies have demonstrated the complexity that underlies mammary gland development and function in rodents and may provide insight into the mechanisms that ultimately allow the ruminant or swine mammary gland to function in a coordinated fashion throughout puberty, pregnancy, lactation, and involution. The challenge facing animal scientists is how to obtain similar information in much larger and expensive livestock. One possible approach is to manipulate gene expression in vitro using mammary cell culture models derived from domestic animals (e.g., genes can be "knocked down" using small interfering RNA approaches). Ultimately, major advances in understanding lactation biology may come from coupling basic mechanistic information with functional genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches. A strong foundation in bioinformatics will also be required to optimize use of these new technologies. Stem cell biology also represents an exciting area in the next decade that holds promise for improving lactation efficiency. Strong training of our future scientists in these areas should facilitate livestock-focused mammary gland research that will allow basic information to be gained at unprecedented amounts, ultimately leading to optimization of livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
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TAKETANI T, YAMAGATA Y, TAKASAKI A, MATSUOKA A, TAMURA H, SUGINO N. Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 on progesterone production in human luteinized granulosa cells. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:744-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yin X, Li B, Chen H, Catt KJ. Differential signaling pathways in angiotensin II- and epidermal growth factor-stimulated hepatic C9 cells. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 74:1223-33. [PMID: 18687808 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.048504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin1 (Cav1) is an important component of the plasmamembrane microdomains, such as caveolae/lipid rafts, that are associated with angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors in certain cell types. The interactions of Cav1 with other signaling molecules that mediate AT(1) receptor function were analyzed in angiotensin II (Ang II)- and EGF-stimulated hepatic C9 cells. This study demonstrated that cholesterol-rich domains mediate the actions of early upstream signaling molecules such as Src and intracellular Ca(2+) in cells stimulated by Ang II, but not by EGF, and that Cav1 has a scaffolding role in the process of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Furthermore, Cav1 phosphorylation by Ang II and EGF was regulated by intracellular Ca(2+) and Src, further indicating reciprocal interactions among Cav1, Src, and intracellular Ca(2+) through the AT(1) receptor. Phosphorylation of Cav1 and the EGF receptor by Ang II, but not of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, was dependent on intracellular Ca(2+). The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors, 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4H)-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride (LY294002) and wortmannin, differentially modulated both Cav1 and EGF receptor activation by Ang II through intracellular Ca(2+). These findings further demonstrate the importance of Cav1 in conjunction with the receptor-mediated signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival. It is clear that differential signaling pathways are operative in Ang II- and EGF-stimulated C9 cells and that cholesterol-enriched microdomains are essential components in cellular signaling processes that are dependent on specific agonists and/or cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yin
- Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Sartelet H, Oligny LL, Vassal G. AKT pathway in neuroblastoma and its therapeutic implication. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2008; 8:757-69. [PMID: 18471048 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.8.5.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a frequent pediatric tumor with a poor outcome in spite of aggressive treatment, even with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The overall cure rate of 40% is unsatisfactory and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. AKT is a major mediator of survival signals that protect cells from apoptosis and regulate cell proliferation. The AKT signaling network is considered a key determinant of the biological aggressiveness of these tumors. In this article, the authors discuss the relation between activators of AKT in neuroblastoma, in particular, growth factors such as IGF-1, TRK, GDNF, VEGF and EGF, and their effects on tumoral proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Numerous other proteins interact with AKT in neuroblastoma. Several are relatively well characterized, such as PTEN and retinoic acid; others are new and potentially interesting, such as PKC and anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Specific inhibition of AKT has been studied, such as with LY249002, with significant effects on cell progression and apoptosis in tumoral cells. Moreover, a series of new drugs, such as geldanamycin and rapamycin, directly modify the expression of AKT in tumoral cells. Few specific inhibitors of AKT are available; less specific inhibitors are probably unsuitable therapeutic options in neuroblastoma. Drugs with a direct or indirect inhibitory effect on the AKT pathway, used alone or in combination with other drugs, seem to hold great promise as a new therapeutic modality in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Sartelet
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal and Pediatric Pathologist, Department of Pathology, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Growth and development. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:79-101. [PMID: 18185067 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282f4f084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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