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Aboregela AM. Approaches based on natural products and miRNAs in pituitary adenomas: unveiling therapeutic intervention. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03347-6. [PMID: 39102032 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are tumors originating in the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain. They are the most common type of pituitary tumor, affecting approximately 1 in 10 people over their lifetime. Common symptoms include headaches, vision problems, hormonal imbalances, and weight changes. Treatment options depend on the type and size of the adenoma and may consist of medication, surgery, radiation therapy, or a combination. PAs are typically benign and slow-growing, but they can cause significant health issues if left untreated. Proper diagnosis and management by an experienced multidisciplinary team is important for achieving the best outcomes. Natural compounds like celastrol, curcumin, quercetin, apigenin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and genistein have shown the ability to inhibit cell growth, promote cell death, and suppress hormone activity in pituitary tumor cells, suggesting their potential as alternative or complementary treatments for PAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of tiny RNA molecules that do not code for proteins and have a vital function in controlling gene expression. These 21-23 nucleotide-long molecules regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in mRNA molecules, leading to mRNA degradation. miRNAs participate in a wide range of biological activities, including apoptosis, metastasis, differentiation, and proliferation. The research indicates that miRNAs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis, therapeutic approaches, diagnosis, and prognosis of PAs. This review article will provide a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of the efficacy of naturally derived anti-cancer agents in the treatment of PAs. Furthermore, the study provides a comprehensive assessment of the miRNAs in PAs, their role in the development of PAs, and their potential application in the treatment of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Mohamed Aboregela
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, P.O Box 551, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Wang X, Zhang W, Zhou S. Multifaceted physiological and therapeutical impact of curcumin on hormone-related endocrine dysfunctions: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3307-3336. [PMID: 38622915 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Over the past five decades, Curcumin (Cur), derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa), has gained considerable attention for its potential therapeutic applications. Synthesizing insights from clinical trials conducted over the last 25 years, this review delves into diseases where Cur has demonstrated promise, offering a nuanced understanding of its pharmacokinetics, safety, and effectiveness. Focusing on specific examples, the impact of Cur on various human diseases is explored. Endocrine glands and associated signaling pathways are highlighted, elucidating how Cur influences cellular signaling. The article underscores molecular mechanisms such as hormone level alteration, receptor interaction, cytokine and adipokine expression inhibition, antioxidant enzyme activity, and modulation of transcription factors. Cur showcases diverse protective mechanisms against inflammation and oxidative damage by suppressing antiapoptotic genes and impeding tumor promotion. This comprehensive overview emphasizes the potential of Cur as a natural agent for countering aging and degenerative diseases, calling for further dedicated research in this realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
| | - Shengxue Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
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3
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Duan JF, Zhang QJ, Zhu J, Lu JH. Curcumin affects autophagy of prolactinoma cells by upregulating miR-206 to exert antitumor effects. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23734. [PMID: 38764151 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
We explored the effects of curcumin on the aberrant biological behaviors of prolactinoma cells and the downstream pathways through which curcumin exerts its antitumor effects. We used quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays to measure miR-206 expression levels in peripheral blood samples from patients with prolactinoma before and after curcumin treatment. We also investigated the proliferation level, viability, and invasion ability of groups of cells treated with different concentrations of curcumin using 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assays, cell cloning assays, and Transwell assays, respectively. Furthermore, we determined the levels of autophagy-related proteins and protein kinase B/mammalian target of the rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway-related proteins in each group of treated cells by western blot. Curcumin treatment upregulated miR-206 expression levels in the peripheral blood of patients with prolactinoma and in GH3 cells. Knockdown of miR-206 expression enhanced the proliferation and invasive ability of GH3 cells, while curcumin treatment effectively inhibited the aberrant biological behavior of GH3 cells enhanced by miR-206 knockdown. miR-206 knockdown also activated the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibited autophagy in GH3 cells, and these changes were effectively reversed by curcumin treatment. Thus, curcumin inhibited the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and promoted cell autophagy by miR-206 upregulation, resulting in antitumor effects that inhibited prolactinoma cell proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Feng Duan
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Juan Zhang
- Department of neurology, Yueyang Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Hui Lu
- Department of hematology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Dlamini MB, Bao S, Gao Z, Mei J, Ge H, Jiang L, Geng C, Li Q, Shi X, Liu Y, Cao J. Curcumin attenuates Cr (VI)-induced cell growth and migration by targeting autophagy-dependent reprogrammed metabolism. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23193. [PMID: 35924427 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is a well-established carcinogen. Cr (VI)-treated cells are phenotypically characterized by aberrant levels of growth and migration. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound from the plant turmeric, has been found to possess antiproliferation, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant properties. In this study, the effect of curcumin on Cr (VI)-induced cell survival and migration and the underlying mechanism were investigated. Cell viability assay on A549 and human embryonic lung fibroblast cells showed that curcumin at the concentration of 10 µM could significantly attenuate Cr (VI)-induced viability in both cell lines. Following Western blot assay and metabolomics assays, cotreatment with curcumin and Cr (VI) resulted in the suppression of Cr (VI)-induced glycolysis-, autophagy-, and migration-related proteins. Meanwhile, curcumin increased Cr (VI)-reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-related proteins, COXIV and ND1. Moreover, curcumin suppressed Cr (VI)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial mass decrease, and mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Treatment with curcumin for 24 h significantly attenuated pcATG4B-induced autophagy and the subsequent expression of glucose transporter 1, hexokinase II, and pyruvate kinase M2. Wound healing and transwell assay demonstrated that curcumin reduced Cr (VI)-induced cell migration. Taken together, these results showed that curcumin was able to attenuate Cr (VI)-induced cell viability and migration by targeting autophagy-dependent reprogrammed metabolism from OXPHOS to glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mongameli B Dlamini
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shibo Bao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeyun Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junjie Mei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Ge
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chengyan Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Lab of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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5
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Manocha S, Dhiman S, Grewal AS, Guarve K. Nanotechnology: An approach to overcome bioavailability challenges of nutraceuticals. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Peter K, Kar SK, Gothalwal R, Gandhi P. Curcumin in Combination with Other Adjunct Therapies for Brain Tumor Treatment: Existing Knowledge and Blueprint for Future Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2022; 10:163-181. [PMID: 35178355 PMCID: PMC8800460 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.10.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors proliferate aggressively and have a debilitating outcome. Surgery followed by chemo-radiotherapy has been the standard procedure of care since 2005 but issues of therapeutic toxicity and relapse still remain unaddressed. Repurposing of drugs to develop novel combinations that can augment existing treatment regimens for brain tumors is the need of the hour. Herein, we discuss studies documenting the use of curcumin as an adjuvant to conventional and alternative therapies for brain tumors. Comprehensive analysis of data suggests that curcumin together with available therapies can generate a synergistic action achieved through multiple molecular targeting, which results in simultaneous inhibition of tumor growth, and reduced treatment-induced toxicity as well as resistance. The review also highlights approaches to increase bioavailability and bioaccumulation of drugs when co-delivered with curcumin using nano-cargos. Despite substantial preclinical work on radio-chemo sensitizing effects of curcumin, to date, there is only a single clinical report on brain tumors. Based on available lab evidence, it is proposed that antibody-conjugated nano-curcumin in combination with sub-toxic doses of conventional or repurposed therapeutics should be designed and tested in clinical studies. This will increase tumor targeting, the bioavailability of the drug combination, reduce therapy resistance, and tumor recurrence through modulation of aberrant signaling cascades; thus improving clinical outcomes in brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Peter
- Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M.P, India
| | | | - Ragini Gothalwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M.P, India
| | - Puneet Gandhi
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, M.P, India
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7
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Tang C, Zhu J, Yuan F, Yang J, Cai X, Ma C. Curcumin Sensitizes Prolactinoma Cells to Bromocriptine by Activating the ERK/EGR1 and Inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6170-6185. [PMID: 34463926 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although bromocriptine (BRC) as first-line drug is recommended for treating patients with prolactinoma, a minority of patients with prolactinoma are resistance to BRC. Moreover, our previous study showed the difference in drug sensitivity in BRC-treated rat prolactinoma cells, MMQ cells are more resistant to BRC, and GH3 cells are more sensitive to BRC. Curcumin (Cur) has been shown to inhibit proliferation of prolactinoma cell lines. The aim of this study is to further investigate whether Cur could enhance the growth-inhibitory effect of BRC resistance on prolactinoma cell lines and its possible mechanism. CCK-8 kit was used to test cell growth. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were performed by flow cytometry. Electron microscopy was used to test autophagosome. The mRNA expression profiles were analyzed using the Affymetrix Gene-Chip array. Western blot was used to test protein expression. Our data showed that Cur enhanced the growth-inhibitory effect of BRC on GH3 and MMQ cell proliferation. BRC and Cur both induced cell apoptosis, and Cur could significantly increase the apoptosis of BRC on pituitary adenoma cells through the ERK/EGR1 signaling pathway. Moreover, Cur could enhance the autophagic cell death (ACD) of BRC on tumor cells by inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway. The same results were confirmed invivo study. Taken together, Cur sensitizes rat prolactinoma cells to BRC by activating the ERK/EGR1 and inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhao Zhu
- Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangming Cai
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Mohseni M, Sahebkar A, Askari G, Johnston TP, Alikiaii B, Bagherniya M. The clinical use of curcumin on neurological disorders: An updated systematic review of clinical trials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6862-6882. [PMID: 34528307 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotective effects of curcumin have been shown in previous studies. This updated systematic review of clinical trials aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on neurological disorders. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify clinical trials investigating the effects of curcumin/turmeric supplements alone, or in combination with other ingredients, on neurological diseases. Nineteen studies comprising 1,130 patients met the inclusion criteria. Generally, intervention and study outcomes were heterogeneous. In most of the studies, curcumin had a favorable effect on oxidative stress and inflammation. However, with the exception of AD, curcumin supplementation either alone, or in combination with other ingredients, had beneficial effects on clinical outcomes for the other aforementioned neurodegenerative diseases. For example, the frequency, severity, and duration of migraine attacks, scores on the revised ALS functional rating scale, and the occurrence of motor complications in PD were all significantly improved with curcumin supplementation either alone or in combination with other ingredients. However, in three studies, several adverse side effects (mostly gastrointestinal in nature) were reported. Curcumin supplementation may have favorable effects on inflammatory status and clinical outcomes of patients with neurological disease, although the results were not consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohseni
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Babak Alikiaii
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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9
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Sohrevardi SM, Heydari B, Azarpazhooh MR, Teymourzadeh M, Simental-Mendía LE, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A, Karimi-Zarchi M. Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Receiving Metformin: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1308:109-117. [PMID: 33861440 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility, for which the insulin sensitizer metformin has been used therapeutically. It has been shown that curcumin also exhibits insulin-sensitizing properties. Given that metformin acts as an ovulation inducing agent and both curcumin and metformin can reduce insulin resistance, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of metformin with and without curcumin nanomicelles in the treatment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. This clinical trial was conducted on 100 women with PCOS, diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria, who were sequentially recruited and randomly divided into two groups (n = 50 each). Group 1 received 500 mg metformin three times daily and group 2 received 80 mg/day capsule of curcumin nanomicelle and 500 mg metformin three times a day for 3 months. After collecting fasting blood samples, biochemical parameters including triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, plasma glucose, alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were evaluated based on enzymatic methods. Hormonal parameters were assessed using immunoassay kits. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were also assessed. After treatment, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and total testosterone in group 2 were significantly lower than those in group 1 (p < 0.05). Post-treatment LDL-C levels in groups 1 and 2 were 117.9 ± 24 and 91.12 ± 19.46 mg/dL, respectively (p < 0.01). In addition, HDL-C levels were increased with curcumin (group 1: 38.1 ± 4.36 mg/dL; group 2: 44.12 ± 7.3 mg/dL, p < 0.05). Total cholesterol was decreased with curcumin level (group 1: 207.9 ± 39.84 mg/dL; group 2; 159.7 ± 48.43 mg/dL, p < 0.05), with a decrease in triglycerides levels (group 1: 141.6 ± 9.57; group 2: 97.5 ± 8.8 mg/dL, p < 0.01). This study showed that curcumin has a synergistic effect with metformin in the improvement of insulin resistance and lipid profile in patients with PCOS. Therefore, the combined use of metformin and curcumin may have therapeutic utility in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Sohrevardi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Center, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Behrooz Heydari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Azarpazhooh
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Teymourzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Mojgan Karimi-Zarchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Bhat A, Mahalakshmi AM, Ray B, Tuladhar S, Hediyal TA, Manthiannem E, Padamati J, Chandra R, Chidambaram SB, Sakharkar MK. Benefits of curcumin in brain disorders. Biofactors 2019; 45:666-689. [PMID: 31185140 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is widely consumed in Asia either as turmeric directly or as one of the culinary ingredients in food recipes. The benefits of curcumin in different organ systems have been reported extensively in several neurological diseases and cancer. Curcumin has got its global recognition because of its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial activities. Additionally, it is used in diabetes and arthritis as well as in hepatic, renal, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, there is growing attention on usage of curcumin to prevent or delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes available data from several recent studies on curcumin in various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Prions disease, stroke, Down's syndrome, autism, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anxiety, depression, and aging. Recent advancements toward increasing the therapeutic efficacy of curcuma/curcumin formulation and the novel delivery strategies employed to overcome its minimal bioavailability and toxicity studies have also been discussed. This review also summarizes the ongoing clinical trials on curcumin for different neurodegenerative diseases and patent details of curcuma/curcumin in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Arehally M Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Sunanda Tuladhar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Tousif A Hediyal
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Esther Manthiannem
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Jagadeeswari Padamati
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Saravana B Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Meena K Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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11
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Faggi L, Giustina A, Tulipano G. Effects of metformin on cell growth and AMPK activity in pituitary adenoma cell cultures, focusing on the interaction with adenylyl cyclase activating signals. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 470:60-74. [PMID: 28962892 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
For a few years we have been investigating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a target for drug therapy of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas. Aim of this study was to investigate the direct effects of metformin, which causes AMPK activation in different cell types, on rat pituitary adenoma cell growth and on related cell signalling pathways. Our results suggest that metformin can exert a growth-inhibitory activity in rat pituitary tumor cells mediated by AMPK activation, although multiple mechanisms are most likely involved. Membrane proteins, including growth factor receptors, are valuable targets of AMPK. The inhibition of the mTOR-p70S6 kinase signalling pathway plays a role in the suppressive effect of metformin on pituitary tumor cell growth. Metformin did not affect the MTT reduction activity in energetic stress conditions. Finally, metformin was still able to induce AMPK activation and to inhibit cell growth in cells treated with forskolin and in transfected cells overexpressing GHRH-receptor and treated with GHRH. Hence, adenylyl cyclase over-activation does not account for the lack of response of some human pituitary tumors to AMPK-activating compounds in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Faggi
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy; Endocrine Service, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tulipano
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
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12
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Wei Y, Zhou X, Ren L, Wang C, Li Y. The prolactin‐release inhibitor paeoniflorin suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in prolactinoma cells via the mitochondria‐dependent pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5704-5714. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyi Wei
- Department of PharmacyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of PharmacyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Liying Ren
- Department of PharmacyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of PharmacyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism GroupSydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineNew South WalesAustralia
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13
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Chávez-Zamudio R, Ochoa-Flores AA, Soto-Rodríguez I, Garcia-Varela R, García HS. Preparation, characterization and bioavailability by oral administration of O/W curcumin nanoemulsions stabilized with lysophosphatidylcholine. Food Funct 2018; 8:3346-3354. [PMID: 28856361 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00933j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is the main and most abundant bioactive component in Curcuma longa L. with documented properties in the prevention and treatment of chronic degenerative and infectious diseases. However, curcumin has low solubility in aqueous media, hence low bioavailability when administered orally. The use of nanoemulsions as carriers can provide a partial solution to bioavailability restrictions. In our study, O/W nanoemulsions of curcumin were prepared using lysophosphatidylcholine, a phospholipid with proven emulsification capacity; nevertheless, such qualities have not been previously reported in the preparation of nanoemulsions. Lysophosphatidylcholine was obtained by enzymatic removal of one fatty acid residue from phosphatidylcholine. The objective of our work was to formulate stable curcumin nanoemulsions and evaluate their bioavailability in BALB/c mice plasma after oral administration. Formulated nanoemulsions had a droplet size mean of 154.32 ± 3.10 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.34 ± 0.07 and zeta potential of -10.43 ± 1.10 mV; stability was monitored for 12 weeks. Lastly, in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters, using BALB/c mice, were obtained; namely, Cmax of 610 ± 65.0 μg mL-1 and Tmax of 2 h. Pharmacokinetic data revealed a higher bioavailability of emulsified as opposed to free curcumin. Research regarding other potential emulsifiers that may provide better health benefits and carry nano-encapsulated bioactive compounds more effectively, is necessary. This study provides important data on the preparation and design of nanoencapsulated Curcumin using lysophosphatidylcholine as an emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Chávez-Zamudio
- UNIDA, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. de Quevedo 2779, Col. Formando Hogar, Veracruz, Ver. 91897, Mexico.
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Mohammadi S, Kayedpoor P, Karimzadeh-Bardei L, Nabiuni M. The Effect of Curcumin on TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP Expression in a Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as an Inflammation State. J Reprod Infertil 2017; 18:352-360. [PMID: 29201665 PMCID: PMC5691251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having low-grade chronic inflammation such as elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aimed at investigating the therapeutic effects of curcumin on IL-6, CRP and TNF-α and symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome. METHODS In this research, 72 female adult Wistar rats were divided into control (n=12), PCOS (n=12) and curcumin-treated PCOS groups (n=48). PCOS was induced by injection of estradiol valerate (2 mg/kg-one-step). PCOS rats were divided into control and experimental groups which received daily intraperitoneal injection of curcumin. After 60 days of syndrome induction, ovaries were collected for histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Serum IL-6 and CRP was detected by the ELISA kit. Data were analyzed using In-Stat 3 via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Histological studies showed a significant reduction in thickness of theca layer and increase in the number of corpus luteum (CL) diameter in the curcumin-treated group compared with the PCOS group; also inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and CRP significantly decreased in groups treated with curcumin compared with PCOS groups. Regarding immunohistochemical analysis, the expression of TNF-α in granulosa layer and follicular fluid of follicles and ovarian cysts in PCOS group was more than the control group's expression. However, expression of this factor in the ovaries treated with curcumin was decreased. CONCLUSION This study showed that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of curcumin on PCOS may be due to its inhibitory effect on expression and levels of TNF-α, serum IL-6 and CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mohammadi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Kayedpoor
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Latifeh Karimzadeh-Bardei
- Laboratory’s Animal Center & Cellular and Molecular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nabiuni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Klinger NV, Mittal S. Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin for the Treatment of Brain Tumors. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9324085. [PMID: 27807473 PMCID: PMC5078657 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9324085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain malignancies currently carry a poor prognosis despite the current multimodal standard of care that includes surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation. As new therapies are desperately needed, naturally occurring chemical compounds have been studied for their potential chemotherapeutic benefits and low toxicity profile. Curcumin, found in the rhizome of turmeric, has extensive therapeutic promise via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo data have shown it to be an effective treatment for brain tumors including glioblastoma multiforme. These effects are potentiated by curcumin's ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, activation of apoptotic pathways, induction of autophagy, disruption of molecular signaling, inhibition of invasion, and metastasis and by increasing the efficacy of existing chemotherapeutics. Further, clinical data suggest that it has low toxicity in humans even at large doses. Curcumin is a promising nutraceutical compound that should be evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of human brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil V. Klinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Srinivasan R, Natarajan D, Shivakumar M. In vitroevaluation of antioxidant, antiproliferative potentials of bioactive extract-cum-rutin compound Isolated fromMemecylon eduleleaves and its molecular docking study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2016.1173592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Bitgen N, Donmez-Altuntas H, Bayram F, Cakir I, Hamurcu Z, Diri H, Baskol G, Senol S, Durak AC. Increased micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridge, nuclear bud frequency and oxidative DNA damage associated with prolactin levels and pituitary adenoma diameters in patients with prolactinoma. Biotech Histochem 2015; 91:128-36. [PMID: 26720589 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactinoma is the most common pituitary tumor. Most pituitary tumors are benign, but they often are clinically significant. We investigated cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN cyt) assay parameters and oxidative DNA damage in patients with prolactinoma to assess the relations among age, prolactin level, pituitary adenoma diameter and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level in patients with prolactinoma. We investigated 27 patients diagnosed with prolactinoma and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We measured CBMN cyt parameters and plasma 8-OHdG levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with prolactinoma and controls. The frequencies of micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge, nuclear bud, apoptotic and necrotic cells, and plasma 8-OHdG levels in patients with prolactinoma were significantly greater than controls. MN frequency was correlated positively with age, prolactin levels and pituitary adenoma diameters in patients with prolactinoma. The increased chromosomal and oxidative DNA damage, and the positive correlation between MN frequency, prolactin levels and pituitary adenoma diameters may be associated with increased risk of cancer in patients with prolactinoma, because increased MN frequency is a predictor of cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bitgen
- a Department of Chemical Technology , Technical Sciences Vocational School, Aksaray University , Aksaray , Turkey
| | - H Donmez-Altuntas
- b Department of Medical Biology , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - F Bayram
- c Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - I Cakir
- c Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Z Hamurcu
- b Department of Medical Biology , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - H Diri
- c Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - G Baskol
- d Department of Biochemistry , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - S Senol
- e Department of Radiology , Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - A C Durak
- e Department of Radiology , Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
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Tulipano G, Faggi L, Cacciamali A, Spinello M, Cocchi D, Giustina A. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase activators in antiproliferative multi-drug pituitary tumour therapies: effects of combined treatments with compounds affecting the mTOR-p70S6 kinase axis in cultured pituitary tumour cells. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:20-32. [PMID: 25323047 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated under conditions that deplete cellular ATP levels and elevate AMP levels. We have recently shown that AMPK can represent a valid target for improving the medical treatment of growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas and the effects of its activation or inhibition in pituitary tumour cells are worthy of further characterisation. We aimed to determine whether AMPK may have a role in combined antiproliferative therapies based on multiple drugs targeting cell anabolic functions at different levels in pituitary tumour cells to overcome the risk of cell growth escape phenomena. Accordingly, we tried to determine whether a rationale exists in combining compounds activating AMPK with compounds targeting the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway. AMPK down-regulation by specific small-interfering RNAs confirmed that activated AMPK had a role in restraining growth of GH3 cells. Hence, we compared the effects of compounds directly targeting the mTOR-p70S6K axis, namely the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and the p70S6K inhibitor PF-4708671, with the effects of the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on cell signalling and cell growth, in rat pituitary GH3 cells. AICAR was able to reduce growth factor-induced p70S6K activity, as shown by the decrease of phospho-p70S6K levels. However, it was far less effective than rapamycin and PF-4708671. We observed significant differences between the growth inhibitory effects of the three compounds in GH3 and GH1 cells. Interestingly, PF-4708671 was devoid of any effect. AICAR was at least as effective as rapamycin and the co-treatment was more effective than single treatments. AICAR induced apoptosis of GH3 cells, whereas rapamycin caused preferentially a decrease of cell proliferation. Finally, AICAR and rapamycin differed in their actions on growth factor-induced extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest the increased efficacy of combined antiproliferative therapies, including rapamycin analogues and AMPK activators in GH-secreting pituitary tumours, as a result of complementary and only partially overlapping mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tulipano
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Tulipano G, Faggi L, Cacciamali A, Spinello M, Cocchi D, Giustina A. Interplay between the intracellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the estrogen receptor activities in regulating rat pituitary tumor cell (GH3) growth in vitro. Pituitary 2014; 17:203-9. [PMID: 23649927 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-013-0488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α has a role in regulating rat somatolactotroph tumor cell growth (GH3 cells). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic checkpoint which is able to negatively regulate intracellular signaling downstream of growth factors receptors in conditions increasing cellular AMP levels. We have recently reported on the role of AMPK activation in affecting viability and proliferation of GH3 cells. In the present study, we investigated the interplay between ER- and AMPK-pathways. Results can be regarded as relevant to the development of novel multi-targeted pharmacological therapies against pituitary tumors. We confirmed that estradiol (E2) and the ER antagonist fulvestrant exert stimulatory and inhibitory effects, respectively on GH3 cell growth in a competitive manner. The upstream kinase LKB1 is known to phosphorylate and activate AMPK. Here we showed that neither E2 nor fulvestrant caused a downregulation of LKB1 expression and phospho-AMPK levels in GH3 cells. Actually, fulvestrant strongly reduced the phosphorylation of ACC, which is a direct target of AMPK and a known index of AMPK activity. 2-deoxyglucose, a compound reducing glucose utilization, caused an increase in AMPK activity vs baseline and was able to hinder the stimulatory effect of E2 on cell viability, confirming that the exposure of GH3 cells to estrogens does not prevent them from being responsive to the inhibitory activity of compounds activating AMPK. Finally, the AMPK activator AICAR (AMP analog) did not cause further decrease in cell viability in the course of co-treatments with fulvestrant versus fulvestrant alone, in agreement with impaired phospho-AMPK activity in the presence of the anti-estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tulipano
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy,
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Liu TY, Tan ZJ, Jiang L, Gu JF, Wu XS, Cao Y, Li ML, Wu KJ, Liu YB. Curcumin induces apoptosis in gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBC-SD cells. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:64. [PMID: 23802572 PMCID: PMC3733655 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gallbladder carcinoma is a malignant tumor with a very low 5-year survival rate because of the difficulty with its early diagnosis and the very poor prognosis of the advanced cancer state. The aims of this study were to determine whether curcumin could induce the apoptosis of a gallbladder carcinoma cell line, GBC-SD, and to clarify its related mechanism. Methods First, the anti-proliferative activities of curcumin-treated and untreated GBC-SD cells were determined using the MTT and colony formation assays. Then, the early apoptosis of cells was detected by the annexin V/propidium iodide double-staining assay and Hoechst 33342 staining assay. Detection of mitochondrial membrane potential was used to validate the ability of curcumin on inducing apoptosis in GBC-SD cells. Cell cycle changes were detected by flow cytometric analysis. Finally, the expressions of the apoptosis-related proteins or genes caspase-3, PARP, Bcl-2, and Bax were analyzed by western blot and quantitative real time PCR assay. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student’s t-test for comparison of the results obtained from cells with or without curcumin treatment. Results The MTT assay revealed that curcumin had induced a dose- and a time-dependent decrease in cell viability. Colony counting indicated that curcumin had induced a dose-dependent decrease in the colony formation ability in GBC-SD cells. Cells treated with curcumin were arrested at the S phase, according to the flow cytometric analysis. A significant induction of both the early and late phases of apoptosis was shown by the annexin V-FITC and PI staining. Morphological changes in apoptotic cells were also found by the Hoechst 33342 staining. After treatment with curcumin fluorescence shifted from red to green as ΔΨm decreased. Furthermore, western blot and quantitative real time PCR assays demonstrated that the curcumin induced apoptosis in GBC-SD cells by regulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and activating the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Conclusions Taken together, the results indicate that curcumin may be a potential agent for the treatment of gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Haddad NF, Teodoro AJ, Leite de Oliveira F, Soares N, de Mattos RM, Hecht F, Dezonne RS, Vairo L, Goldenberg RCDS, Gomes FCA, de Carvalho DP, Gadelha MR, Nasciutti LE, Miranda-Alves L. Lycopene and beta-carotene induce growth inhibition and proapoptotic effects on ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62773. [PMID: 23667519 PMCID: PMC3647049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas comprise approximately 10-15% of intracranial tumors and result in morbidity associated with altered hormonal patterns, therapy and compression of adjacent sella turcica structures. The use of functional foods containing carotenoids contributes to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and vascular disorders. In this study, we evaluated the influence of different concentrations of beta-carotene and lycopene on cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, hormone secretion, intercellular communication and expression of connexin 43, Skp2 and p27(kip1) in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma cells, the AtT20 cells, incubated for 48 and 96 h with these carotenoids. We observed a decrease in cell viability caused by the lycopene and beta-carotene treatments; in these conditions, the clonogenic ability of the cells was also significantly decreased. Cell cycle analysis revealed that beta-carotene induced an increase of the cells in S and G2/M phases; furthermore, lycopene increased the proportion of these cells in G0/G1 while decreasing the S and G2/M phases. Also, carotenoids induced apoptosis after 96 h. Lycopene and beta-carotene decreased the secretion of ACTH in AtT20 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Carotenoids blocked the gap junction intercellular communication. In addition, the treatments increased the expression of phosphorylated connexin43. Finally, we also demonstrate decreased expression of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) and increased expression of p27(kip1) in carotenoid-treated cells. These results show that lycopene and beta-carotene were able to negatively modulate events related to the malignant phenotype of AtT-20 cells, through a mechanism that could involve changes in the expression of connexin 43, Skp2 and p27(kip1); and suggest that these compounds might provide a novel pharmacological approach to the treatment of Cushing's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália F. Haddad
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anderson J. Teodoro
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Nutrição e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Nathália Soares
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Hecht
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Vairo
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mônica R. Gadelha
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tulipano G, Faggi L, Losa M, Mortini P, Spinello M, Sibilia V, Pagani F, Cocchi D, Giustina A. Effects of AMPK activation and combined treatment with AMPK activators and somatostatin on hormone secretion and cell growth in cultured GH-secreting pituitary tumor cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 365:197-206. [PMID: 23116772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the AMPK activator AICAR as compared to somatostatin-14 on cell viability and GH secretion in human GH-secreting pituitary adenomas in vitro and in rat GH3 cells. Overnight treatment with AICAR increased phospho-(threonine-172) AMPK levels (activated AMPK) in cultured human adenomas. As to the effects on cell viability, four adenomas out of 15 were responsive to AICAR (0.4mM) and five adenomas were responsive to SS-14 (100 nM). One adenoma was responsive to both somatostatin and AICAR. The effects of cotreatment with SS-14 and AICAR were investigated in eight adenomas. In two adenomas, the effects of AICAR+SS-14 did not exceed the effect of AICAR. In two adenomas which were not responsive to either AICAR or SS-14, the cotreatment was able to reduce cell viability versus control. Two adenomas were not responsive to any treatment. As to the effects on GH secretion, nine adenomas out of 15 were responsive to AICAR. Twelve adenomas were responsive to SS-14. Eight adenomas were responsive to both AICAR and SS-14. Cotreatment exceeded the effect of single treatments in 4 out of 10 adenomas. In GH3 cells, AICAR reduced the activity of p70S6 kinase, which plays an important role in cell growth. SS-14 did not affect significantly AMPK phosphorylation and p70S6K activity but it was able to enhance the inhibitory effect of AICAR on phospho-S6 levels. Moreover, AICAR and SS-14 reduced ERK phosphorylation with a different time course. The combined treatment reduced phospho-ERK levels at any time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tulipano
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Italy.
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Hu YH, Huang XR, Qi MX, Hou BY. Curcumin inhibits proliferation of human lens epithelial cells: a proteomic analysis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012; 13:402-7. [PMID: 22556179 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of after-cataracts [also known as posterior capsular opacification (PCO)] is between 30% and 50% three years following cataract surgery. Suppressing the proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is a primary goal in preventing PCO. Here, we investigated the proteomic regulation of the inhibitory effects of curcumin (Cur) on the proliferation of human lens epithelial B3 (HLE-B3) cells. METHODS Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) was used to induce proliferation of HLE-B3 cells, which were incubated with 20 mg/L Cur in a CO(2) incubator for 24 h. RESULTS We found that the absorbance (A) value of rhbFGF group was significantly higher than the A value of the control group. Furthermore, the A value of the Cur group was significantly lower compared to the rhbFGF group, with an inhibition of 53.7%. Five different protein spots were obtained from proliferative HLE-B3 cells induced by rhbFGF. Eight different protein spots were obtained in HLE-B3 cells incubated with Cur. There were the common variational protein spots at mass/charge (m/z) ratios of 8093 and 13767 between rhbFGF group and control group as well as between the Cur group and rhbFGF group. CONCLUSIONS These results show that Cur effectively inhibited HLE-B3 cell proliferation induced by rhbFGF. The protein spots at m/z of 8093 and 13767 may be the targets of Cur-induced inhibition of HLE-B3 cell proliferation. Cur may be a reliable and effective drug for prevention and treatment of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-hong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
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Shan B, Schaaf C, Schmidt A, Lucia K, Buchfelder M, Losa M, Kuhlen D, Kreutzer J, Perone MJ, Arzt E, Stalla GK, Renner U. Curcumin suppresses HIF1A synthesis and VEGFA release in pituitary adenomas. J Endocrinol 2012; 214:389-98. [PMID: 22739211 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenolic compound derived from the spice plant Curcuma longa, displays multiple actions on solid tumours including anti-angiogenic effects. Here we have studied in rodent and human pituitary tumour cells the influence of curcumin on the production of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1A) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), two key components involved in tumour neovascularisation through angiogenesis. Curcumin dose-dependently inhibited basal VEGFA secretion in corticotroph AtT20 mouse and lactosomatotroph GH3 rat pituitary tumour cells as well as in all human pituitary adenoma cell cultures (n=32) studied. Under hypoxia-mimicking conditions (CoCl(2) treatment) in AtT20 and GH3 cells as well as in all human pituitary adenoma cell cultures (n=8) studied, curcumin strongly suppressed the induction of mRNA synthesis and protein production of HIF1A, the regulated subunit of the hypoxia-induced transcription factor HIF1. Curcumin also blocked hypoxia-induced mRNA synthesis and secretion of VEGFA in GH3 cells and in all human pituitary adenoma cell cultures investigated (n=18). Thus, curcumin may inhibit pituitary adenoma progression not only through previously demonstrated anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic actions but also by its suppressive effects on pituitary tumour neovascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shan
- Neuroendocrinology Group, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 10, D-80804 Munich, Germany
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Song F, Zhang L, Yu HX, Lu RR, Bao JD, Tan C, Sun Z. The mechanism underlying proliferation-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of curcumin on papillary thyroid cancer cells. Food Chem 2012; 132:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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26
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Wang C, Hu ZQ, Chu M, Wang Z, Zhang WG, Wang LZ, Li CG, Wang JS. Resveratrol inhibited GH3 cell growth and decreased prolactin level via estrogen receptors. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012; 114:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Artesunate inhibits cell proliferation and decreases growth hormone synthesis and secretion in GH3 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:6227-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Apoptosis modulation as a promising target for treatment of systemic sclerosis. Int J Rheumatol 2011; 2011:495792. [PMID: 21912551 PMCID: PMC3170778 DOI: 10.1155/2011/495792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fatal autoimmune disease characterized by an excessive ECM deposition inducing a loss of function of skin and internal organs. Apoptosis is a key mechanism involved in all the stages of the disease: vascular damage, immune dysfunction, and fibrosis. The purpose of this paper is to gather new findings in apoptosis related to SSc, to highlight relations between apoptosis and fibrosis, and to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Tulipano G, Giovannini M, Spinello M, Sibilia V, Giustina A, Cocchi D. AMP-activated protein kinase regulates normal rat somatotroph cell function and growth of rat pituitary adenomatous cells. Pituitary 2011; 14:242-52. [PMID: 21213053 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-010-0288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated under conditions that deplete cellular ATP and elevate AMP levels such as glucose deprivation and hypoxia. The AMPK system is primarily thought of as a regulator of metabolism and cell proliferation. Little is known about the regulation and the effects of AMPK in somatotroph cells. We present results from "in vitro" studies showing that AMPK activity has a role in regulating somatotroph function in normal rat pituitary and is a promising target for the development of new pharmacological treatments affecting cell proliferation and viability of pituitary adenomatous cells. In parallel, we show "in vivo" data obtained in the rat suggesting that AMPK is an intracellular transducer that may play a role in mediating the effects of the pharmacological treatment with dexamethasone on somatotrophs. In rat pituitary cell cultures, the AMP analog AICAR induced a rapid and clear-cut activation of AMPK. AICAR decreased GH release and total cellular GH content. An appropriate level of AMPK activation was essential for GH3 adenomatous cells. Remarkably, over-activation by AICAR induced apoptosis of GH3 whereas the AMPK inhibitor compound C was more effective at reducing cell proliferation. The role of endocrine or paracrine factors in regulating AMPK phosphorylation and activity in GH3 cells has been also studied. As to "in vivo" studies, western blot analysis revealed a significant decrease of phosphorylated AMPK alpha-subunit in pituitary homogenates of DEX-treated rats versus controls, suggesting reduced AMPK activity. In conclusion, our studies showed that AMPK has a role in regulating somatotroph function in normal rat pituitary and proliferation of pituitary adenomatous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tulipano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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Sukumari-Ramesh S, Singh N, Jensen MA, Dhandapani KM, Vender JR. Anacardic acid induces caspase-independent apoptosis and radiosensitizes pituitary adenoma cells. J Neurosurg 2011; 114:1681-90. [PMID: 21275565 DOI: 10.3171/2010.12.jns10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Pituitary adenomas, which are common intracranial tumors, are associated with significant patient morbidity due to hormone secretion or mass effect or as a complication of therapy. Epigenetic regulation has emerged as an important component of malignant tumor pathogenesis, although the contribution in the progression of benign pituitary tumors remains largely unexplored. The present study evaluates the effect of anacardic acid (6-pentadecyl salicylic acid), a natural histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, on pituitary adenoma cells. METHODS The concentration- and time-dependent effects of anacardic acid on the viability of GH3 and MMQ pituitary adenoma cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell cycle phase distribution, protein expression, and percentage of apoptotic cells were assessed by flow cytometry and Western blotting. Colony forming assays were used to study the radiosensitizing effect of anacardic acid. RESULTS The present study identifies a novel antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect of anacardic acid on pituitary adenoma cells. These effects were associated with an increase in poly([adenosine diphosphate]-ribose) polymerase cleavage, sub-G1 arrest, and annexin V staining, consistent with apoptotic cell death; however, the pancaspase inhibitor carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-(O-methyl)-fluoromethylketone failed to reverse anacardic acid-induced cell death, suggesting a possible nonclassical apoptotic mechanism. Anacardic acid also reduced the expression of survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, antiapoptotic proteins associated with cellular survival and radioresistance, and radiosensitized pituitary adenoma cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings warrant further exploration of anacardic acid as a single agent or as an adjunct to radiation therapy for the treatment of pituitary tumors.
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Al-Suhaimi EA, Al-Riziza NA, Al-Essa RA. Physiological and therapeutical roles of ginger and turmeric on endocrine functions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2011; 39:215-31. [PMID: 21476200 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x11008762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The natural product ginger (Zingiber officinale) has active constituents gingerol, Shogaol and Zerumbone, while turmeric (Curcuma longa) contains three active major curcuminoids, namely, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. They have the same scientific classification and are reported to have anti-inflammatory and many therapeutic effects. This article reviews the physiological and therapeutic effects of ginger and turmeric on some endocrine gland functions, and signal pathways involved to mediate their actions. With some systems and adipose tissue, ginger and turmeric exert their actions through some/all of the following signals or molecular mechanisms: (1) through reduction of high levels of some hormones (as: T4, leptin) or interaction with hormone receptors; (2) by inhibition of cytokines/adipokine expression; (3) acting as a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating enzymes, which play an essential role between inflammation and progression of diseases; (4) mediation of their effects through the inhibition of signaling transcription factors; and/or (5) decrease the proliferative potent by down-regulation of antiapoptotic genes, which may suppress tumor promotion by blocking signal transduction pathways in the target cells. These multiple mechanisms of protection against inflammation and oxidative damage make ginger and curcumin particularly promising natural agents in fighting the ravages of aging and degenerative diseases, and need to be paid more attention by studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam A Al-Suhaimi
- Department of Biology, Sciences College, Dammam University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Bangaru MLY, Woodliff J, Raff H, Kansra S. Growth suppression of mouse pituitary corticotroph tumor AtT20 cells by curcumin: a model for treating Cushing's disease. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9893. [PMID: 20405005 PMCID: PMC2854133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary corticotroph tumors secrete excess adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) resulting in Cushing's disease (CD). Standard treatment includes surgery and, if not successful, radiotherapy, both of which have undesirable side effects and frequent recurrence of the tumor. Pharmacotherapy using PPARgamma agonists, dopamine receptor agonists, retinoic acid or somatostatin analogs is still experimental. Curcumin, a commonly used food additive in South Asian cooking, has potent growth inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. Our laboratory recently demonstrated that curcumin inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in prolactin- and growth hormone-producing tumor cells. Subsequently, Schaaf et.al. confirmed our findings and also showed the in vivo effectiveness of curcumin to suppress pituitary tumorigenesis. However the molecular mechanism that mediate this effect of curcumin are still unknown. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using the mouse corticotroph tumor cells, AtT20 cells, we report that curcumin had a robust, irreversible inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and clonogenic property. The curcumin-induced growth inhibition was accompanied by decreased NFkappaB activity. Further, curcumin down-regulated the pro-survival protein Bcl-xL, depolarized the mitochondrial membrane, increased PARP cleavage, which led to apoptotic cell death. Finally, curcumin had a concentration-dependent suppressive effect on ACTH secretion from AtT20 cells. CONCLUSION The ability of curcumin to inhibit NFkappaB and induce apoptosis in pituitary corticotroph tumor cells leads us to propose developing it as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Latha Yadav Bangaru
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Clinical Nutrition, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Woodliff
- Department of Pediatrics, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hershel Raff
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Clinical Nutrition, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Kansra
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Clinical Nutrition, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Chen L, Tian G, Shao C, Cobos E, Gao W. Curcumin modulates eukaryotic initiation factors in human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:3105-10. [PMID: 19826913 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound, is the active component of Curcuma longa and has been extensively investigated as an anticancer drug that modulates multiple pathways. Eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) have been known to play important roles in translation initiation, which controls cell growth and proliferation. Little is known about the effects of curcumin on eIFs in lung cancer. The objective of this study was to exam the curcumin cytotoxic effect and modulation of two major rate-limiting translation initiation factors, including eIF2α and eIF4E protein expression levels in lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line A549. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and protein changes were determined by Western blot. A549 cells were treated with 0-240 μM curcumin for 4-96 h. The inhibitory effects of curcumin on cytotoxicity were dose- and time-dependent (P < 0.001). The 50% inhibitory curcumin concentrations (IC50s) at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 93, 65, 40, and 24 μM, respectively. Protein expressions of eIF2α, eIF4E, Phospho-4E-BP1 were down-regulated, while Phospho-eIF2α and Phospho-eIF4E were up-regulated after A549 cells were treated with 20 and 40 μM curcumin for 24 h. In addition, the effects of curcumin on these protein expression changes followed a significant dose-response (P < 0.05, trend test). These findings suggest that curcumin could reduce cell viability through prohibiting the initiation of protein synthesis by modulating eIF2α and eIF4E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Maji SK, Perrin MH, Sawaya MR, Jessberger S, Vadodaria K, Rissman RA, Singru PS, Nilsson KPR, Simon R, Schubert D, Eisenberg D, Rivier J, Sawchenko P, Vale W, Riek R. Functional amyloids as natural storage of peptide hormones in pituitary secretory granules. Science 2009; 325:328-32. [PMID: 19541956 DOI: 10.1126/science.1173155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 771] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids are highly organized cross-beta-sheet-rich protein or peptide aggregates that are associated with pathological conditions including Alzheimer's disease and type II diabetes. However, amyloids may also have a normal biological function, as demonstrated by fungal prions, which are involved in prion replication, and the amyloid protein Pmel17, which is involved in mammalian skin pigmentation. We found that peptide and protein hormones in secretory granules of the endocrine system are stored in an amyloid-like cross-beta-sheet-rich conformation. Thus, functional amyloids in the pituitary and other organs can contribute to normal cell and tissue physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir K Maji
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Wolfgang-Paulistrasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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