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Kiser JN, Clancey E, Moraes JGN, Dalton J, Burns GW, Spencer TE, Neibergs HL. Identification of loci associated with conception rate in primiparous Holstein cows. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:840. [PMID: 31718557 PMCID: PMC6852976 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subfertility is a major issue facing the dairy industry as the average US Holstein cow conception rate (CCR) is approximately 35%. The genetics underlying the physiological processes responsible for CCR, the proportion of cows able to conceive and maintain a pregnancy at each breeding, are not well characterized. The objectives of this study were to identify loci, positional candidate genes, and transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) associated with CCR and determine if there was a genetic correlation between CCR and milk production in primiparous Holstein cows. Cows were bred via artificial insemination (AI) at either observed estrus or timed AI and pregnancy status was determined at day 35 post-insemination. Additive, dominant, and recessive efficient mixed model association expedited (EMMAX) models were used in two genome-wide association analyses (GWAA). One GWAA focused on CCR at first service (CCR1) comparing cows that conceived and maintained pregnancy to day 35 after the first AI (n = 494) to those that were open after the first AI (n = 538). The second GWAA investigated loci associated with the number of times bred (TBRD) required for conception in cows that either conceived after the first AI (n = 494) or repeated services (n = 472). Results The CCR1 GWAA identified 123, 198, and 76 loci associated (P < 5 × 10− 08) in additive, dominant, and recessive models, respectively. The TBRD GWAA identified 66, 95, and 33 loci associated (P < 5 × 10− 08) in additive, dominant, and recessive models, respectively. Four of the top five loci were shared in CCR1 and TBRD for each GWAA model. Many of the associated loci harbored positional candidate genes and TFBS with putative functional relevance to fertility. Thirty-six of the loci were validated in previous GWAA studies across multiple breeds. None of the CCR1 or TBRD associated loci were associated with milk production, nor was their significance with phenotypic and genetic correlations to 305-day milk production. Conclusions The identification and validation of loci, positional candidate genes, and TFBS associated with CCR1 and TBRD can be utilized to improve, and further characterize the processes involved in cattle fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Kiser
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Erin Clancey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Joao G N Moraes
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Joseph Dalton
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Caldwell, ID, United States
| | - Gregory W Burns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Holly L Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
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Martinez-deMena R, Calvo RM, Garcia L, Obregon MJ. Effect of glucocorticoids on the activity, expression and proximal promoter of type II deiodinase in rat brown adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 428:58-67. [PMID: 26994513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Triiodothyronine (T3) is important for thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Type II deiodinase (DIO2) produces T3 required for intracellular needs in BAT. Brown adipocytes in culture require T3 for the adrenergic stimulation of DIO2. Glucocorticoids induce adipocyte differentiation (lipogenesis). We investigated the regulation of DIO2 activity, Dio2 mRNA and Dio2 promoter activity by glucocorticoids in primary cultures of rat brown adipocytes using dexamethasone (DEX) and hydrocortisone (HC). DEX and HC regulated the adrenergic stimulation of DIO2 activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner, inhibiting DIO2 activity at short treatment times and large doses (1-10 μM) and stimulating DIO2 at low HC doses (1-100 nM) and longer times (DEX). Insulin depletion reduced DIO2 activity but the response to glucocorticoids remained unchanged. DEX and HC inhibited basal DIO2 activity. DEX had no effect on DIO2 half-life, whereas HC stabilized DIO2 activity. DEX and HC inhibited the adrenergic stimulation of Dio2 mRNA expression (100-10000 nM, 14-96 h), but stabilized Dio2 mRNA, particularly DEX. DEX increased basal Dio2 mRNA levels, possibly through stabilization of Dio2 mRNA. An 807 bp construct of the murine Dio2 proximal promoter showed maximal reporter activity, with the cAMP response element (CRE) essential for transcriptional activity. DEX caused inhibition in most constructs containing the CRE element whereas HC stimulated reporter activity in the 807 bp construct. Glucocorticoids inhibited the adrenergic stimulation of Dio2 at the transcriptional level in brown adipocytes, although DIO2 activity increased with HC, possibly due to stabilization of Dio2 activity and mRNA. The CRE and cEBP elements of the Dio2 promoter seem involved in the regulation by glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martinez-deMena
- Molecular Physiopathology and Nervous System, Inst Investigaciones Biomedicas (IIB), Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM (Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Autonoma Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Calvo
- Molecular Physiopathology and Nervous System, Inst Investigaciones Biomedicas (IIB), Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM (Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Autonoma Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Garcia
- Molecular Physiopathology and Nervous System, Inst Investigaciones Biomedicas (IIB), Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM (Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Autonoma Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Obregon
- Molecular Physiopathology and Nervous System, Inst Investigaciones Biomedicas (IIB), Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM (Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Autonoma Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
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Maher SK, Wojnarowicz P, Ichu TA, Veldhoen N, Lu L, Lesperance M, Propper CR, Helbing CC. Rethinking the biological relationships of the thyroid hormones, l-thyroxine and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 18:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhen YH, Wang L, Riaz H, Wu JB, Yuan YF, Han L, Wang YL, Zhao Y, Dan Y, Huo LJ. Knockdown of CEBPβ by RNAi in porcine granulosa cells resulted in S phase cell cycle arrest and decreased progesterone and estradiol synthesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:90-8. [PMID: 24607812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cultured ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) are essential models to study molecular mechanisms of gene regulation during folliculogenesis. CCAAT enhancer binding proteins β (CEBPβ) has been identified in the ovary and is critical for follicular growth, ovulation and luteinization in mice. In the present study, hormonal treatment indicated that luteinizing hormone (LH) and exogenous human chorionic gonadotropins (hCG) significantly increased the expression of CEBPβ in porcine GCs. By RNAi-Ready pSIREN-RetroQ-ZsGreen Vector mediated recombinant pshRNA vectors, CEBPβ gene was successfully knocked down in porcine GCs, confirmed by mRNA and protein level analyzed by real time PCR and western blot, respectively. We further found that knockdown of CEBPβ significantly increased the expression of p-ERK1/2. Furthermore, CEBPβ knockdown arrested the GCs at S phase of cell cycle, but had no effects on cell apoptosis. More importantly, it markedly down regulated the concentration of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in the culture medium. To uncover the regulatory mechanism of CEBPβ knockdown on cell cycle and steroids synthesis, we found that the mRNA expression of bcl-2 (anti-apoptosis), StAR and Runx2 (steroid hormone synthesis) was up-regulated, while genes related to apoptosis (Caspase-3 and p53), hormonal synthesis (CYP11A1) and cell cycle (cyclinA1, cyclinB1, cyclinD1) were down-regulated, suggesting that knockdown of CEBPβ may inhibit apoptosis, regulate cell cycle and hormone secretions at the transcriptional level in porcine GCs. Furthermore, knockdown of CEBPβ significantly increased the expression of PTGS2 and decreased the expression of IGFBP4, Has2 and PTGFR which are important for folliculogenesis in porcine GCs. In conclusion, this study reveals that CEBPβ is a key regulator of porcine GCs through modulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, steroid synthesis, and other regulators of folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hasan Riaz
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jia-Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi Dan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li-Jun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China.
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Notch and NF-kB signaling pathways regulate miR-223/FBXW7 axis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 28:2324-35. [PMID: 24727676 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling deregulation is linked to the onset of several tumors including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Deregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression is also associated with several cancers, including leukemias. However, the transcriptional regulators of miRNAs, as well as the relationships between Notch signaling and miRNA deregulation, are poorly understood. To identify miRNAs regulated by Notch pathway, we performed microarray-based miRNA profiling of several Notch-expressing T-ALL models. Among seven miRNAs, consistently regulated by overexpressing or silencing Notch3, we focused our attention on miR-223, whose putative promoter analysis revealed a conserved RBPjk binding site, which was nested to an NF-kB consensus. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays on the promoter region of miR-223 show that both Notch and NF-kB are novel coregulatory signals of miR-223 expression, being able to activate cooperatively the transcriptional activity of miR-223 promoter. Notably, the Notch-mediated activation of miR-223 represses the tumor suppressor FBXW7 in T-ALL cell lines. Moreover, we observed the inverse correlation of miR-223 and FBXW7 expression in a panel of T-ALL patient-derived xenografts. Finally, we show that miR-223 inhibition prevents T-ALL resistance to γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) treatment, suggesting that miR-223 could be involved in GSI sensitivity and its inhibition may be exploited in target therapy protocols.
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