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Curtis LM. Sex and Gender Differences in AKI. KIDNEY360 2024; 5:160-167. [PMID: 37990360 PMCID: PMC10833607 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in AKI continue to be identified. Generally, women are protected from AKI when compared to men. Much of the protection exhibited in women is diminished after menopause. These sex and age effects have also been noted in animal models of AKI. Gonadal hormones, as modifiers of incidence, severity, and progression of AKI, have been offered as likely contributors to this sex and age effect. In animal models of AKI, estrogen and testosterone seem to modulate susceptibility. Questions remain however regarding cellular and molecular changes that are initiated by modulation of these hormones because both estrogen and testosterone have effects across cell types that play a role in AKI. Although findings have largely been informed by studies in males, molecular pathways that are involved in the initiation and progression of AKI may be modulated by gonadal hormones. Compounding the hormone-receptor effects are developmental effects of sex chromosomal complement and epigenetic influences that may confer sex-based baseline differences in gene and protein expression, and gene dosage effects of X inactivation and escape on molecular pathways. Elucidation of sex-based protection may afford a more complete view of AKI and potential therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, the effect on susceptibility to AKI in transgender patients, who receive life-altering and essential gender-affirming hormone therapy, requires greater attention. In this review, several potential contributors to the sex differences observed in humans and animal models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Curtis
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Elliot SJ, Catanuto P, Pereira-Simon S, Xia X, Pastar I, Thaller S, Head CR, Stojadinovic O, Tomic-Canic M, Glassberg MK. Catalase, a therapeutic target in the reversal of estrogen-mediated aging. Mol Ther 2022; 30:947-962. [PMID: 34174444 PMCID: PMC8821897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing interest in the reversal of age-related processes, there is a paucity of data regarding the effects of post-menopausal-associated estrogen loss on cellular function. We studied human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) isolated from women younger than 45 years old (pre-menopause, pre-hASC) or older than 55 years old (post-menopause, post-hASC). In this study, we provide proof of concept that the age-related ineffective functionality of ASCs can be reversed to improve their ability in promoting tissue repair. We found reduced estrogen receptor expression, decreased estrogen receptor activation, and reduced sensitivity to 17β-estradiol in post-hASCs. This correlated with decreased antioxidants (catalase and superoxide dismutase [SOD] expression) and increased oxidative stress compared with pre-hASCs. Increasing catalase expression in post-hASCs restored estrogen receptor (ER) expression and their functional capacity to promote tissue repair as shown in human skin ex vivo wound healing and in vivo mouse model of lung injury. Our results suggest that the consequences of 17β-estradiol decline on the function of hASCs may be reversible by changing the oxidative stress/antioxidant composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J. Elliot
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Corresponding author: Sharon J. Elliot, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Paola Catanuto
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Simone Pereira-Simon
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xiaomei Xia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Seth Thaller
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Cheyanne R. Head
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Olivera Stojadinovic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marilyn K. Glassberg
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA,Corresponding author: Marilyn K. Glassberg, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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Yao Y, Chang X, Wang D, Ma H, Wang H, Zhang H, Li C, Wang J. Roles of ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in testes of hypothyroid rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1214-1224. [PMID: 30542605 PMCID: PMC6240896 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00122g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of the thyroid hormone (TH) could impair testicular function, but its mechanism is still rudimentary. This study aims to explore the roles of estrogen receptor (ER α, β) and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways in apoptosis in testes of hypothyroidism rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (C), low-(L) and high-hypothyroidism (H) groups [1 mL per 100 g BW per day normal saline, 0.001% and 0.1% propylthiouracil (PTU), respectively] by intragastrical gavage for 60 days. The levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in serum were measured. Expressions of ERα, ERβ and GPR30, pathway related protein expressions of ERK1/2 and PI3 K/AKT and apoptosis were detected in testicular homogenates. The results showed that T3 and T4 levels were decreased, and the TSH level was increased significantly in the H group. Protein expressions of ERα, ERβ and GPR30 decreased significantly in the H group. Significantly decreased protein expressions of p-ERK1/2, p-PI3K p85, p-AKT Ser473, Ras, p-Raf-1 Ser259, p-Raf-1 Ser338 and cyclin D1 in L and H groups as well PI3K p85, p-AKT and Thr308 in the H group were observed. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the Bad protein expression in L and H groups. In addition, there was a significant increase in the expression of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase 9 and cleaved caspase 3 and a significant decrease in the total caspase 3 protein expression in the H group. These results suggested that ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways could be suppressed by hypothyroidism via inhibiting the expressions of ERs and could finally induce apoptosis in testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Yao
- Department of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , China . ; Tel: +86-931-8915010
| | - Xiaoru Chang
- Department of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , China . ; Tel: +86-931-8915010
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , China . ; Tel: +86-931-8915010
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , China . ; Tel: +86-931-8915010
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Gynecology , Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital , Lanzhou , 730050 , China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Department of Hospital Infection , Gansu Provincial Hospital , Lanzhou , 730000 , China
| | - Chengyun Li
- Department of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , China . ; Tel: +86-931-8915010
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , 730000 , China . ; Tel: +86-931-8915010
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Koenig A, Buskiewicz I, Huber SA. Age-Associated Changes in Estrogen Receptor Ratios Correlate with Increased Female Susceptibility to Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1585. [PMID: 29201031 PMCID: PMC5696718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual bias is a hallmark in various diseases. This review evaluates sexual dimorphism in clinical and experimental coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) myocarditis, and how sex bias in the experimental disease changes with increased age. Coxsackieviruses are major causes of viral myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle, which is more frequent and severe in men than women. Young male mice infected with CVB3 develop heart-specific autoimmunity and severe myocarditis. Females infected during estrus (high estradiol) develop T-regulatory cells and when infected during diestrus (low estradiol) develop autoimmunity similar to males. During estrus, protection depends on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), which promotes type I interferon, activation of natural killer/natural killer T cells and suppressor cell responses. Estrogen receptor beta has opposing effects to ERα and supports pro-inflammatory immunity. However, the sexual dimorphism of the disease is significantly ameliorated in aged animals when old females become as susceptible as males. This correlates to a selective loss of the ERα that is required for immunosuppression. Therefore, sex-associated hormones control susceptibility in the virus-mediated disease, but their impact can alter with the age and physiological stage of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koenig
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Iwona Buskiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Sally A Huber
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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Rubio GA, Catanuto P, Glassberg MK, Lew JI, Elliot SJ. Estrogen receptor subtype expression and regulation is altered in papillary thyroid cancer after menopause. Surgery 2017; 163:143-149. [PMID: 29128169 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen receptors can regulate growth in papillary thyroid cancer and may affect prognosis after menopause. This study examines changes of estrogen receptor subtype ratio expression in papillary thyroid cancer cell lines derived from pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS Cells were harvested from papillary thyroid cancer and non-papillary thyroid cancer thyroid tissue (control) from pre- (n = 9) and postmenopausal women (n = 11). Protein expression of estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B were analyzed. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity was determined as a measure of tumor invasiveness. Mitochondrial retrograde signaling was altered with ethidium bromide to determine its effect on estrogen receptor α protein expression. RESULTS Estrogen receptor α expression was increased in postmenopausal papillary thyroid cancer cells compared with controls but was unchanged in premenopausal papillary thyroid cancer. Estrogen receptor β expression did not change in either group. Increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity was observed only in postmenopausal papillary thyroid cancer. Premenopausal papillary thyroid cancer cells demonstrated increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase and unchanged protein kinase B activation. Conversely, postmenopausal papillary thyroid cancer cells had decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase and increased protein kinase B activation. Ethidium bromide treatment resulted in increased estrogen receptor α protein expression only in premenopausal papillary thyroid cancer cells. CONCLUSION Increased estrogen receptor α expression may be involved in papillary thyroid cancer aggressiveness after menopause. This process may be regulated by differential activation of intracellular pathways and differing sensitivities to mitochondrial signaling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Rubio
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Paola Catanuto
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - John I Lew
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Division of Endocrine Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Sharon J Elliot
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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Catanuto P, Xia X, Pereira-Simon S, Elliot S. Estrogen receptor subtype ratio change protects against podocyte damage. CURRENT TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2017; 9:19-29. [PMID: 29367812 PMCID: PMC5777622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Women are relatively protected against the development and progression of glomerulosclerosis (GS) prior to menopause. However, the "female advantage" is lost in women who are either diabetic, post-menopausal or both. We showed that 17β-estradiol (E2) was effective in prevention of diabetic GS development in part through the stabilization of podocyte cytoskeleton and a change in estrogen receptor (ER) subtype ratio. The objective of this study was to examine whether resveratrol (RSV), reported to have estrogen-like action and renoprotective activity against diabetic GS, would affect similar pathways. After in vitro treatment with RSV we found a change in the ERα and ERβ expression ratio in favor of ERβ, suppression of heat shock protein 25 (Hsp25) expression and increase in β1-integrin expression, important for maintaining podocyte cytoskeleton. We noted a reduction of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGFR1) expression, decrease in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decrease in cleaved-caspase 3 expression. We found an increase in [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) and an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activity. Using cre-loxP strategy we developed podocyte-specific ERα knockout mice to show the importance of ERβ. In isolated podocytes, we confirmed reduction of ERα expression in conjunction with a decrease in IGFR1 expression, ERK and increase of MMP-2 similar to that of our in vitro treatment with RSV. Taken together these data suggest an important role for ERβ and ER subtype ratio in podocyte stabilization. Therefore RSV or other regulators of ER pathways could offer protection against diabetic and age-related podocyte changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Catanuto
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaomei Xia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Simone Pereira-Simon
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sharon Elliot
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Pereira-Simon S, Rubio GA, Xia X, Cai W, Choi R, Striker GE, Elliot SJ. Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) Accumulation by Pyridoxamine Modulates Glomerular and Mesangial Cell Estrogen Receptor α Expression in Aged Female Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159666. [PMID: 27428057 PMCID: PMC4948910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related increases in oxidant stress (OS) play a role in regulation of estrogen receptor (ER) expression in the kidneys. In this study, we establish that in vivo 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement can no longer upregulate glomerular ER expression by 21 months of age in female mice (anestrous). We hypothesized that advanced glycation end product (AGE) accumulation, an important source of oxidant stress, contributes to these glomerular ER expression alterations. We treated 19-month old ovariectomized female mice with pyridoxamine (Pyr), a potent AGE inhibitor, in the presence or absence of E2 replacement. Glomerular ERα mRNA expression was upregulated in mice treated with both Pyr and E2 replacement and TGFβ mRNA expression decreased compared to controls. Histological sections of kidneys demonstrated decreased type IV collagen deposition in mice receiving Pyr and E2 compared to placebo control mice. In addition, anti-AGE defenses Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and advanced glycation receptor 1 (AGER1) were also upregulated in glomeruli following treatment with Pyr and E2. Mesangial cells isolated from all groups of mice demonstrated similar ERα, SIRT1, and AGER1 expression changes to those of whole glomeruli. To demonstrate that AGE accumulation contributes to the observed age-related changes in the glomeruli of aged female mice, we treated mesangial cells from young female mice with AGE-BSA and found similar downregulation of ERα, SIRT1, and AGER1 expression. These results suggest that inhibition of intracellular AGE accumulation with pyridoxamine may protect glomeruli against age-related oxidant stress by preventing an increase of TGFβ production and by regulation of the estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pereira-Simon
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gustavo A. Rubio
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiaomei Xia
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Weijing Cai
- Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rhea Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gary E. Striker
- Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sharon J. Elliot
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Järvensivu P, Saloniemi-Heinonen T, Awosanya M, Koskimies P, Saarinen N, Poutanen M. HSD17B1 expression enhances estrogen signaling stimulated by the low active estrone, evidenced by an estrogen responsive element-driven reporter gene in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 234:126-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Clarke M, Pearl CA. Alterations in the estrogen environment of the testis contribute to declining sperm production in aging rats. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2014; 60:89-97. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2014.885995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Clarke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, MIUSA
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