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Wu L, Liu T, Gu Y. Microvillar dynamic in renal tubular epithelial cells mediated by insulin/PLCγ signal pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:1020-1025. [PMID: 33131771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Significant cellular morphology changes in renal tubules were observed in diabetes patients and animal models. However, the interaction between insulin and tubular epithelial cells microvillar structure remains obscure. To understand microvillar dynamics, we used Scanning Ion Conductance Microscope to visualize microvillar in the living cell. Here, we found two layers of microvilli on the tubular epithelial cell surface: short compact microvilli and netlike long microvilli. Insulin treatment could increase microvilli length and density. This process was mediated by the PI3K/PLCγ signaling pathway, other than the PI3K/Arp2/3 signal pathway. In conclusion, our findings present a novel insulin signaling transduction mechanism, which contributes to understanding renal tubular epithelial cell microvilli dynamic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Wu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China; Translational and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Tongri Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchun Gu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China; Translational and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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McKercher MA, Guan X, Tan Z, Wuttke DS. Multimodal Recognition of Diverse Peptides by the C-Terminal SH2 Domain of Phospholipase C-γ1 Protein. Biochemistry 2017; 56:2225-2237. [PMID: 28376302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SH2 domains recognize phosphotyrosine (pY)-containing peptide ligands and play key roles in the regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase pathways. Each SH2 domain has individualized specificity, encoded in the amino acids neighboring the pY, for defined targets that convey their distinct functions. The C-terminal SH2 domain (PLCC) of the phospholipase C-γ1 full-length protein (PLCγ1) typically binds peptides containing small and hydrophobic amino acids adjacent to the pY, including a peptide derived from platelet-derived growth factor receptor B (PDGFRB) and an intraprotein recognition site (Y783 of PLCγ1) involved in the regulation of the protein's lipase activity. Remarkably, PLCC also recognizes unexpected peptides containing amino acids with polar or bulky side chains that deviate from this pattern. This versatility in recognition specificity may allow PLCγ1 to participate in diverse, previously unrecognized, signaling pathways in response to binding chemically dissimilar partners. We have used structural approaches, including nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallography, to elucidate the mechanisms of noncognate peptide binding to PLCC by ligands derived from receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 and from the insulin receptor. The high-resolution peptide-bound structures reveal that PLCC has a relatively static backbone but contains a chemically rich protein surface comprised of a combination of hydrophobic pockets and amino acids with charged side chains. We demonstrate that this expansive and chemically diverse PLCC interface, in addition to peptide conformational plasticity, permits PLCC to recognize specific noncognate peptide ligands with multimodal specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A McKercher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Zhongping Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Deborah S Wuttke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Li C, Tong H, Yan Q, Tang S, Han X, Xiao W, Tan Z. L-Theanine Improves Immunity by Altering TH2/TH1 Cytokine Balance, Brain Neurotransmitters, and Expression of Phospholipase C in Rat Hearts. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:662-9. [PMID: 26922362 PMCID: PMC4772912 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of L-theanine on secretion of immune cytokines, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and mRNA expression of phospholipase C (PLC) in rats, and to explore its regulatory mechanism in immune function. Material/Methods Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats received daily intragastric infusion of different doses of L-theanine solution [0, 50 (LT), 200 (MT), and 400 (HT) mg/kg BW]. Cytokines, immunoglobulins, and hormones in the serum, neurotransmitters, and mRNA expression of PLC in the relevant tissues were assayed. Results L-theanine administration increased the splenic organ index and decreased the contents of ILs-4/6/10 and the ratio of IL-4/IFN-γ in the serum. High-dose L-theanine administration increased the levels of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the pituitary and hippocampus, resulting in decrease in corticosterone level in the serum. L-theanine administration decreased the mRNA expressions of PLC isomers in the liver and PLC-γ1 and PLC-δ1 in the spleen. Interestingly, mRNA expressions of PLC-βf1 in the spleen and PLC isomers mRNA in the heart were up-regulated by L-theanine administration. Conclusions Administration of 400 mg/kg BWL-theanine improved immune function of the rats by increasing the splenic weight, altering the Th2/Th1 cytokine balance, decreasing the corticosterone level in the serum, elevating dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain, and regulating the mRNA expression of PLC isomers in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Li
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Haiou Tong
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Qiongxian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xuefeng Han
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Browaeys-Poly E, Broutin I, Antoine AF, Marin M, Lescuyer A, Vilain JP, Ducruix A, Cailliau K. A non-canonical Grb2-PLC-gamma1-Sos cascade triggered by lipovitellin 1, an apolipoprotein B homologue. Cell Signal 2007; 19:2540-8. [PMID: 17869481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The injection of the Grb2 adapter in Xenopus oocytes promotes G2/M transition without stimulation from a receptor only the first day after the oocytes removal from the ovaries. This cell cycle reinitiation is Ras-dependent and requires the SH2 and SH3 domains of Grb2. The SH2 domain of Grb2 binds the tyrosine phosphorylated lipovitellin1, a homologue of the human apolipoprotein B. The N-SH3 domain of Grb2 is linked to a proline-rich sequence of the C2 domain of PLC-gamma1, PLC-gamma1 itself is linked, through its SH3 domain, to the C-terminal proline-rich region of Sos. When Grb2-PLC-gamma1-Sos is associated, PLC-gamma1 is not phosphorylated on Y783 but shows a phospholipase activity. Inhibition of lipovitellin 1 or PLC-gamma1 avoids Grb2-induced cell cycle reinitiation. Therefore, the Grb2-lipovitellin 1 association is the starting point of a novel signaling pathway, where PLC-gamma1 binds Grb2 and recruits Sos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Browaeys-Poly
- Laboratoire de Régulation des Signaux de Division, EA 4020, IFR 147, Bât. SN3, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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Baek MC, Kim SJ, Yea K, Kim Y, Lee BD, Kim J, Lee HJ, Kang MH, Choi SK, Kim JI, Lee TG, Suh PG, Ryu SH. Ligand profiling and identification technology for searching bioactive ligands. Proteomics 2006; 6:1741-9. [PMID: 16526000 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a new methodology named ligand profiling and identification for effective discovery of bioactive ligands such as peptide hormones. This technology was developed from a new concept of parallel column chromatography and active fraction profiling by nano-LC MS. Traditional methods use sequential column chromatography, and thus are inevitably limited by the low abundance of the peptide of interest and by a low yield due to the many column steps. Using this new technology, insulin was successfully identified and diarginylinsulin, a minor intermediate form of insulin, was unexpectedly also identified simultaneously from 100 mg of porcine pancreatic tissue. This integrative technology could be used to search for various low-abundance peptides (or bioactive molecules) rapidly and simultaneously, by applying this to the later stages of traditional sequential purification.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatography, Gel
- Chromatography, Ion Exchange
- Chromatography, Liquid/methods
- Densitometry
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Humans
- Insulin/analogs & derivatives
- Insulin/analysis
- Ligands
- Mass Spectrometry/methods
- Nanotechnology
- Pancreas/chemistry
- Peptide Hydrolases/pharmacology
- Peptides/analysis
- Rats
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Swine
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Chang Baek
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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Kwon YK, Jang HJ, Kole S, He HJ, Bernier M. Role of the pleckstrin homology domain of PLCgamma1 in its interaction with the insulin receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 163:375-84. [PMID: 14568990 PMCID: PMC2173518 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200301131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A thiol-reactive membrane-associated protein (TRAP) binds covalently to the cytoplasmic domain of the human insulin receptor (IR) β-subunit when cells are treated with the homobifunctional cross-linker reagent 1,6-bismaleimidohexane. Here, TRAP was found to be phospholipase C γ1 (PLCγ1) by mass spectrometry analysis. PLCγ1 associated with the IR both in cultured cell lines and in a primary culture of rat hepatocytes. Insulin increased PLCγ1 tyrosine phosphorylation at Tyr-783 and its colocalization with the IR in punctated structures enriched in cortical actin at the dorsal plasma membrane. This association was found to be independent of PLCγ1 Src homology 2 domains, and instead required the pleckstrin homology (PH)–EF-hand domain. Expression of the PH–EF construct blocked endogenous PLCγ1 binding to the IR and inhibited insulin-dependent phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not AKT. Silencing PLCγ1 expression using small interfering RNA markedly reduced insulin-dependent MAPK regulation in HepG2 cells. Conversely, reconstitution of PLCγ1 in PLCγ1−/− fibroblasts improved MAPK activation by insulin. Our results show that PLCγ1 is a thiol-reactive protein whose association with the IR could contribute to the activation of MAPK signaling by insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kook Kwon
- Diabetes Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
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Wang Y, Wang Z. Regulation of EGF-induced phospholipase C-gamma1 translocation and activation by its SH2 and PH domains. Traffic 2003; 4:618-30. [PMID: 12911816 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0854.2003.00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of phospholipase C-gamma1 is essential for its function in response to growth factors. However, in spite of recent progress, the phospholipase C-gamma1 translocation pattern and the molecular mechanism of the translocation are far from fully understood. Contradictory results were reported as to which domain, PH or SH2, controls the epidermal growth factor-induced translocation of phospholipase C-gamma1. In this communication, we studied epidermal growth factor-induced translocation of phospholipase C-gamma1 by using comprehensive approaches including biochemistry, indirect fluorescence and live fluorescence imaging. We provided original evidence demonstrating that: (i) endogenous phospholipase C-gamma1, similar to YFP-tagged phospholipase C-gamma1, translocated to endosomes following its initial translocation from cytosol to the plasma membrane in response to epidermal growth factor; (ii) phospholipase C-gamma1 remained phosphorylated in endosomes, but phospholipase C-gamma1 activity is not required for its translocation, which suggests a signaling role for phospholipase C-gamma1 in endosomes; (iii) the PH domain was not required for the initial translocation of phospholipase C-gamma1 from cytosol to the plasma membrane, but it stabilizes phospholipase C-gamma1 in the membrane at a later time; (iv) the function of the phospholipase C-gamma1 PH domain in stabilizing phospholipase C-gamma1 membrane association is very important in maintaining the activity of phospholipase C-gamma1; and (v) the role of the PH domain in phospholipase C-gamma1 membrane association and activation is dependent on PI3K activity. We conclude that the phospholipase C-gamma1 SH2 and PH domains coordinate to determine epidermal growth factor-induced translocation and activation of phospholipase C-gamma1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
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