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Almeida LG, Dera A, Murphy J, Santosa S. Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and body composition to modest weight loss are similar in those with adult- versus childhood-onset obesity. Clin Obes 2024; 14:e12623. [PMID: 37794721 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Adults who have had obesity from childhood are at greater risk of obesity-related comorbidities compared to those who only develop obesity in adulthood. The main way of mitigating these risks in obesity is with weight loss, which has been shown to positively affect the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition of adults. However, it is unclear whether the response of these outcomes to weight loss may be influenced by age of obesity onset. The objective of our study was to investigate how age of obesity onset mitigates the responsiveness of CRF, muscle strength and body composition to modest weight loss. Measurements were conducted at baseline and 12 weeks. In total, 37 participants (childhood-onset = 19, adult-onset = 18) lost 3.7% ± 0.4% through aerobic exercise and diet. The YMCA cycle ergometer test (YMCA) and the 20-m shuttle run test (20MSR) were used to estimate CRF (mL kg-1 min-1 ) and a handgrip dynamometer was used to estimate muscle strength. Total body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Overall, CRF and body composition improved (time effect: p < 0.05) after 12 weeks. There was no group-by-time interaction for YMCA, 20MSR, muscle strength and body composition variables. Therefore, the present study suggests that individuals with childhood-onset obesity and adult-onset obesity can improve their CRF and body composition similarly after mild weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Guimarães Almeida
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, School of Health, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Dera
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, School of Health, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Murphy
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, School of Health, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvia Santosa
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, School of Health, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ben-Porat T, Alberga A, Audet MC, Belleville S, Cohen TR, Garneau PY, Lavoie KL, Marion P, Mellah S, Pescarus R, Rahme E, Santosa S, Studer AS, Vuckovic D, Woods R, Yousefi R, Bacon SL. Understanding the impact of radical changes in diet and the gut microbiota on brain function and structure: rationale and design of the EMBRACE study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2023; 19:1000-1012. [PMID: 37088645 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery leads to profound changes in gut microbiota and dietary patterns, both of which may interact to impact gut-brain communication. Though cognitive function improves postsurgery, there is a large variability in outcomes. How bariatric surgery-induced modifications in the gut microbiota and dietary patterns influence the variability in cognitive function is still unclear. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the associations between bariatric surgery-induced changes in dietary and gut microbiota patterns with cognition and brain structure. SETTING University hospital. METHODS A total of 120 adult patients (≥30 years) scheduled to undergo a primary bariatric surgery along with 60 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched patients on the surgery waitlist will undergo assessments 3-months presurgery and 6- and 12-month postsurgery (or an equivalent time for the waitlist group). Additionally, 60 age-and sex-matched nonbariatric surgery eligible individuals will complete the presurgical assessments only. Evaluations will include sociodemographic and health behavior questionnaires, physiological assessments (anthropometrics, blood-, urine-, and fecal-based measures), neuropsychological cognitive tests, and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Cluster analyses of the dietary and gut microbiota changes will define the various dietary patterns and microbiota profiles, then using repeated measures mixed models, their associations with global cognitive and structural brain alterations will be explored. RESULTS The coordinating study site (Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, QC, Canada), provided the primary ethical approval (Research Ethics Board#: MP-32-2022-2412). CONCLUSIONS The insights generated from this study can be used to develop individually-targeted neurodegenerative disease prevention strategies, as well as providing critical mechanistic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tair Ben-Porat
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre (MBMC), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Quebec, Canada
| | - Angela Alberga
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Audet
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research centre of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-CSMTL), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamara R Cohen
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pierre Y Garneau
- Division of Bariatric Surgery, CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Canada; Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Kim L Lavoie
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre (MBMC), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec a Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Marion
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre (MBMC), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Quebec, Canada
| | - Samira Mellah
- Research centre of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-CSMTL), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Radu Pescarus
- Division of Bariatric Surgery, CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Canada; Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Elham Rahme
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvia Santosa
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Centre, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Studer
- Division of Bariatric Surgery, CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Canada; Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dajana Vuckovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robbie Woods
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre (MBMC), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reyhaneh Yousefi
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre (MBMC), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon L Bacon
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre (MBMC), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Quebec, Canada.
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Wang Y, Sun W, Yan S, Meng Z, Jia M, Tian S, Huang S, Sun X, Han S, Pan C, Diao J, Wang Q, Zhu W. A new strategy to alleviate the obesity induced by endocrine disruptors-A unique lysine metabolic pathway of nanoselenium Siraitia grosvenorii to repair gut microbiota and resist obesity. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113737. [PMID: 36944396 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity caused by endocrine disruptors (EDCs) has become a hot topic threatening human health. Recently, Nanoselenium Siraitia grosvenorii (NSG) has been shown to have potential health-modulating uses. Based on the results of 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis, NSG has the unique function of improving gut microbiota and inhibiting obesity. Specifically, NSG can enhance gut microbiota diversity and change their composition. A significant positive correlation exists between the liver change in lysine and the high-importance dominant species ([Ruminococcus]_gnavus, Alistipes_finegoldii, etc.). NSG metabolites analysis showed that the lysine level increased by 44.45% and showed a significantly negatively correlated with (TG, TC, Leptin, etc.). Significantly, NSG reduces the degradation of lysine metabolism in the liver and inhibits fatty acid β-oxidation. In addition, NSG decreased Acetyl-CoA levels by 24% and regulated the downregulation of TCA genes (CS, Ogdh, Fh1, and Mdh2) and the upregulation of ketone body production genes (BDH1). NSG may have a positive effect on obesity by reducing the participation of Acetyl-CoA in the TCA cycle pathway and enhancing the ketogenic conversion of Acetyl-CoA. In conclusion, the results of this study may provide a new dietary intervention strategy for preventing endocrine disruptor-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sinuo Tian
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shiran Huang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shihang Han
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Torres-Sánchez A, Ruiz-Rodríguez A, Ortiz P, Moreno MA, Ampatzoglou A, Gruszecka-Kosowska A, Monteoliva-Sánchez M, Aguilera M. Exploring Next Generation Probiotics for Metabolic and Microbiota Dysbiosis Linked to Xenobiotic Exposure: Holistic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12917. [PMID: 36361709 PMCID: PMC9655105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation of gut microbiota in metabolic diseases seems to be related to dysbiosis induced by exposure to multiple substances called Microbiota Disrupting Chemicals (MDCs), which are present as environmental and dietary contaminants. Some recent studies have focused on elucidating the alterations of gut microbiota taxa and their metabolites as a consequence of xenobiotic exposures to find possible key targets involved in the severity of the host disease triggered. Compilation of data supporting the triad of xenobiotic-microbiota-metabolic diseases would subsequently allow such health misbalances to be prevented or treated by identifying beneficial microbe taxa that could be Next Generation Probiotics (NGPs) with metabolic enzymes for MDC neutralisation and mitigation strategies. In this review, we aim to compile the available information and reports focused on variations of the main gut microbiota taxa in metabolic diseases associated with xenobiotic exposure and related microbial metabolite profiles impacting the host health status. We performed an extensive literature search using SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. The data retrieval and thorough analyses highlight the need for more combined metagenomic and metabolomic studies revealing signatures for xenobiotics and triggered metabolic diseases. Moreover, metabolome and microbiome compositional taxa analyses allow further exploration of how to target beneficial NGP candidates according to their alleged variability abundance and potential therapeutic significance. Furthermore, this holistic approach has identified limitations and the need of future directions to expand and integrate key knowledge to design appropriate clinical and interventional studies with NGPs. Apart from human health, the beneficial microbes and metabolites identified could also be proposed for various applications under One Health, such as probiotics for animals, plants and environmental bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alicia Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Ortiz
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Alejandra Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonis Ampatzoglou
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mercedes Monteoliva-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Margarita Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Study on the Mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in Treating Dyslipidemia Based on Network Pharmacology. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:2457706. [PMID: 36061816 PMCID: PMC9433299 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2457706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study aimed to determine the active ingredients of Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD) and the targets for treating dyslipidemia through network pharmacology to facilitate further application of HJJDD in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Methods. Potential drug targets for dyslipidemia were identified with a protein-protein interaction network. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed to elucidate the biological function and major pathways involved in the HLJDD-mediated treatment of dyslipidemia. Results. This approach revealed 22 components, 234 targets of HLJDD, and 221 targets of dyslipidemia. There were 14 components and 31 common targets between HLJDD and dyslipidemia treatment. GO enrichment analysis showed that these targets were mainly associated with the response to DNA-binding transcription factor activity, lipid localization and storage, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, and inflammatory response. The results of KEGG analysis indicated that the AGE-RAGE, NF-κB, HIF-1, IL-17, TNF, FoxO, and PPAR signalling pathways were enriched in the antidyslipidemic action of HLJDD. Conclusion. This study expounded the pharmacological actions and molecular mechanisms of HLJDD in treating dyslipidemia from a holistic perspective, which may provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of HLJDD.
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