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Tribondeau A, Du Pasquier D, Benchouaia M, Blugeon C, Buisine N, Sachs LM. Overlapping action of T 3 and T 4 during Xenopus laevis development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1360188. [PMID: 38529399 PMCID: PMC10961411 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1360188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are involved in many biological processes such as neurogenesis, metabolism, and development. However, compounds called endocrine disruptors can alter thyroid hormone signaling and induce unwanted effects on human and ecosystems health. Regulatory tests have been developed to detect these compounds but need to be significantly improved by proposing novel endpoints and key events. The Xenopus Eleutheroembryonic Thyroid Assay (XETA, OECD test guideline no. 248) is one such test. It is based on Xenopus laevis tadpoles, a particularly sensitive model system for studying the physiology and disruption of thyroid hormone signaling: amphibian metamorphosis is a spectacular (thus easy to monitor) life cycle transition governed by thyroid hormones. With a long-term objective of providing novel molecular markers under XETA settings, we propose first to describe the differential effects of thyroid hormones on gene expression, which, surprisingly, are not known. After thyroid hormones exposure (T3 or T4), whole tadpole RNAs were subjected to transcriptomic analysis. By using standard approaches coupled to system biology, we found similar effects of the two thyroid hormones. They impact the cell cycle and promote the expression of genes involves in cell proliferation. At the level of the whole tadpole, the immune system is also a prime target of thyroid hormone action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Tribondeau
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Département Adaptation du Vivant, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Alliance Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | | | - Médine Benchouaia
- Genomique ENS, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universités Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
| | - Corinne Blugeon
- Genomique ENS, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universités Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Département Adaptation du Vivant, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Alliance Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Laurent M. Sachs
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Département Adaptation du Vivant, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Alliance Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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Tanizaki Y, Shibata Y, Na W, Shi YB. Cell cycle activation in thyroid hormone-induced apoptosis and stem cell development during Xenopus intestinal metamorphosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1184013. [PMID: 37265708 PMCID: PMC10230048 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibian metamorphosis resembles mammalian postembryonic development, a period around birth when many organs mature into their adult forms and when plasma thyroid hormone (T3) concentration peaks. T3 plays a causative role for amphibian metamorphosis. This and its independence from maternal influence make metamorphosis of amphibians, particularly anurans such as pseudo-tetraploid Xenopus laevis and its highly related diploid species Xenopus tropicalis, an excellent model to investigate how T3 regulates adult organ development. Studies on intestinal remodeling, a process that involves degeneration of larval epithelium via apoptosis and de novo formation of adult stem cells followed by their proliferation and differentiation to form the adult epithelium, have revealed important molecular insights on T3 regulation of cell fate during development. Here, we review some evidence suggesting that T3-induced activation of cell cycle program is important for T3-induced larval epithelial cell death and de novo formation of adult intestinal stem cells.
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Liu L, Zhang L, Li C, Qiu Z, Kuang T, Wu Z, Deng W. Effects of hormones on intestinal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:105. [PMID: 37101229 PMCID: PMC10134583 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of intestinal renewal and repair mainly depends on intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which can also contribute to the growth of intestinal tumours. Hormones, which are vital signalling agents in the body, have various effects on the growth and replacement of intestinal stem cells. This review summarises recent progress in the identification of hormones associated with intestinal stem cells. Several hormones, including thyroid hormone, glucagon-like peptide-2, androgens, insulin, leptin, growth hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone and progastrin, promote the development of intestinal stem cells. However, somatostatin and melatonin are two hormones that prevent the proliferation of intestinal stem cells. Therefore, new therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal illnesses can be identified by examining the impact of hormones on intestinal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lilong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhendong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tianrui Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Wang S, Shibata Y, Tanizaki Y, Zhang H, Yan W, Fu L, Shi YB. Comparative Analysis of Transcriptome Profiles Reveals Distinct and Organ-Dependent Genomic and Nongenomic Actions of Thyroid Hormone in Xenopus tropicalis Tadpoles. Thyroid 2023; 33:511-522. [PMID: 36503276 PMCID: PMC10122239 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine [T3]) is essential for development and organ metabolism in all vertebrates. T3 has both genomic and nongenomic effects on target cells. While much has been learnt on its genomic effects via T3 receptors (TRs) in vertebrate development, mostly through TR-knockout and TR-knockin studies, little is known about the effects of T3 on gene expression in animals in the absence of TR. We have been studying Xenopus metamorphosis as a model for mammalian postembryonic development, a period around birth when plasma T3 level peaks and many organs/tissues mature into their adult forms. We have recently generated TR double knockout (TRDKO) Xenopus tropicalis animals. This offers an opportunity to compare the effects of T3 on global gene expression in tadpole tissues in the presence or absence of TR. Methods: We analyzed the effects of T3 on gene expression in tadpole tail and intestine by using RNA-seq analysis on wild-type and TRDKO tadpoles with or without T3 treatment. Results: We observed that removing TRs reduced the number of genes regulated by T3 in both organs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that T3 affected distinct biological processes and pathways in wild-type and TRDKO tadpoles. Many GO terms and KEGG pathways that were enriched among genes regulated in wild-type tissues are likely involved in mediating the effects of T3 on metamorphosis, for example, those related to development, stem cells, apoptosis, and cell cycle/cell proliferation. However, such GO terms and pathways were not enriched among T3-regulated genes in TRDKO tadpoles. Instead, in TRDKO tadpoles, GO terms and pathways related to "metabolism" and "immune response" were highly enriched among T3-regulated genes. We further observed strong divergence in the TR-independent nongenomic effects of T3 in the intestine and tail. Conclusions: Our data suggest that T3 has distinct and organ-dependent effects on gene expression in developing tadpoles. The TR-mediated effects are consistent with the metamorphic changes, in agreement with the fact that TR is necessary and sufficient to mediate the effects of T3 on metamorphosis. T3 appears to have a major effect on metabolism and immune response via TR-independent nongenomic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhong Wang
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis; National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuki Shibata
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis; National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuta Tanizaki
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis; National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongen Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Liezhen Fu
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis; National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis; National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Wang S, Shibata Y, Fu L, Tanizaki Y, Luu N, Bao L, Peng Z, Shi YB. Thyroid hormone receptor knockout prevents the loss of Xenopus tail regeneration capacity at metamorphic climax. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:40. [PMID: 36823612 PMCID: PMC9948486 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00989-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal regeneration is the natural process of replacing or restoring damaged or missing cells, tissues, organs, and even entire body to full function. Studies in mammals have revealed that many organs lose regenerative ability soon after birth when thyroid hormone (T3) level is high. This suggests that T3 play an important role in organ regeneration. Intriguingly, plasma T3 level peaks during amphibian metamorphosis, which is very similar to postembryonic development in humans. In addition, many organs, such as heart and tail, also lose their regenerative ability during metamorphosis. These make frogs as a good model to address how the organs gradually lose their regenerative ability during development and what roles T3 may play in this. Early tail regeneration studies have been done mainly in the tetraploid Xenopus laevis (X. laevis), which is difficult for gene knockout studies. Here we use the highly related but diploid anuran X. tropicalis to investigate the role of T3 signaling in tail regeneration with gene knockout approaches. RESULTS We discovered that X. tropicalis tadpoles could regenerate their tail from premetamorphic stages up to the climax stage 59 then lose regenerative capacity as tail resorption begins, just like what observed for X. laevis. To test the hypothesis that T3-induced metamorphic program inhibits tail regeneration, we used TR double knockout (TRDKO) tadpoles lacking both TRα and TRβ, the only two receptor genes in vertebrates, for tail regeneration studies. Our results showed that TRs were not necessary for tail regeneration at all stages. However, unlike wild type tadpoles, TRDKO tadpoles retained regenerative capacity at the climax stages 60/61, likely in part by increasing apoptosis at the early regenerative period and enhancing subsequent cell proliferation. In addition, TRDKO animals had higher levels of amputation-induced expression of many genes implicated to be important for tail regeneration, compared to the non-regenerative wild type tadpoles at stage 61. Finally, the high level of apoptosis in the remaining uncut portion of the tail as wild type tadpoles undergo tail resorption after stage 61 appeared to also contribute to the loss of regenerative ability. CONCLUSIONS Our findings for the first time revealed an evolutionary conservation in the loss of tail regeneration capacity at metamorphic climax between X. laevis and X. tropicalis. Our studies with molecular and genetic approaches demonstrated that TR-mediated, T3-induced gene regulation program is responsible not only for tail resorption but also for the loss of tail regeneration capacity. Further studies by using the model should uncover how T3 modulates the regenerative outcome and offer potential new avenues for regenerative medicines toward human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhong Wang
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuki Shibata
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liezhen Fu
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuta Tanizaki
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nga Luu
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lingyu Bao
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoyi Peng
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Suzuki M, Iida M, Hayashi T, Suzuki KIT. CRISPR-Cas9-Based Functional Analysis in Amphibians: Xenopus laevis, Xenopus tropicalis, and Pleurodeles waltl. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2637:341-357. [PMID: 36773159 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3016-7_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians have made many fundamental contributions to our knowledge, from basic biology to biomedical research on human diseases. Current genome editing tools based on the CRISPR-Cas system enable us to perform gene functional analysis in vivo, even in non-model organisms. We introduce here a highly efficient and easy protocol for gene knockout, which can be used in three different amphibians seamlessly: Xenopus laevis, Xenopus tropicalis, and Pleurodeles waltl. As it utilizes Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) for injection, this cloning-free method enables researchers to obtain founder embryos with a nearly complete knockout phenotype within a week. To evaluate somatic mutation rate and its correlation to the phenotype of a Cas9 RNP-injected embryo (crispant), we also present accurate and cost-effective genotyping methods using pooled amplicon-sequencing and a user-friendly web-based tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Suzuki
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Midori Iida
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hayashi
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi T Suzuki
- Emerging Model Organisms Facility, Trans-scale Biology Center, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
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Rigolet M, Buisine N, Scharwatt M, Duvernois-Berthet E, Buchholz DR, Sachs LM. Crosstalk between Thyroid Hormone and Corticosteroid Signaling Targets Cell Proliferation in Xenopus tropicalis Tadpole Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213715. [PMID: 36430192 PMCID: PMC9692397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) and glucocorticoids (GC) are involved in numerous developmental and physiological processes. The effects of individual hormones are well documented, but little is known about the joint actions of the two hormones. To decipher the crosstalk between these two hormonal pathways, we conducted a transcriptional analysis of genes regulated by TH, GC, or both hormones together in liver of Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles using RNA-Seq. Among the differentially expressed genes (DE), 70.5% were regulated by TH only, 0.87% by GC only, and 15% by crosstalk between the two hormones. Gene ontology analysis of the crosstalk-regulated genes identified terms referring to DNA replication, DNA repair, and cell-cycle regulation. Biological network analysis identified groups of genes targeted by the hormonal crosstalk and corroborated the gene ontology analysis. Specifically, we found two groups of functionally linked genes (chains) mainly composed of crosstalk-regulated hubs (highly interactive genes), and a large subnetwork centred around the crosstalk-regulated genes psmb6 and cdc7. Most of the genes in the chains are involved in cell-cycle regulation, as are psmb6 and cdc7, which regulate the G2/M transition. Thus, the biological action of these two hormonal pathways acting together in the liver targets cell-cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Rigolet
- UMR PhyMA CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- UMR PhyMA CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marylou Scharwatt
- UMR PhyMA CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Daniel R. Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Laurent M. Sachs
- UMR PhyMA CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
- UMR7221 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP32, 7 Rue Cuvier, CEDEX 05, 75231 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-40-79-36-17
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Fu L, Liu R, Ma V, Shi YB. Upregulation of proto-oncogene ski by thyroid hormone in the intestine and tail during Xenopus metamorphosis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 328:114102. [PMID: 35944650 PMCID: PMC9530006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) is important for adult organ function and vertebrate development, particularly during the postembryonic period when many organs develop/mature into their adult forms. Amphibian metamorphosis is totally dependent on T3 and can be easily manipulated, thus offering a unique opportunity for studying how T3 controls postembryonic development in vertebrates. Numerous early studies have demonstrated that T3 affects frog metamorphosis through T3 receptor (TR)-mediated regulation of T3 response genes, where TR forms a heterodimer with RXR (9-cis retinoic acid receptor) and binds to T3 response elements (TREs) in T3 response genes to regulate their expression. We have previously identified many candidate direct T3 response genes in Xenopus tropicalis tadpole intestine. Among them is the proto-oncogene Ski, which encodes a nuclear protein with complex function in regulating cell fate. We show here that Ski is upregulated in the intestine and tail of premetamorphic tadpoles upon T3 treatment and its expression peaks at stage 62, the climax of metamorphosis. We have further discovered a putative TRE in the first exon that can bind to TR/RXR in vitro and mediate T3 regulation of the promoter in vivo. These data demonstrate that Ski is activated by T3 through TR binding to a TRE in the first exon during Xenopus tropicalis metamorphosis, implicating a role of Ski in regulating cell fate during metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liezhen Fu
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Liu
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vincent Ma
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Thyroid and Corticosteroid Signaling in Amphibian Metamorphosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101595. [PMID: 35626631 PMCID: PMC9139329 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, development is based in part on the integration of communication systems. Two neuroendocrine axes, the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal/interrenal axes, are central players in orchestrating body morphogenesis. In all vertebrates, the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis controls thyroid hormone production and release, whereas the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal/interrenal axis regulates the production and release of corticosteroids. One of the most salient effects of thyroid hormones and corticosteroids in post-embryonic developmental processes is their critical role in metamorphosis in anuran amphibians. Metamorphosis involves modifications to the morphological and biochemical characteristics of all larval tissues to enable the transition from one life stage to the next life stage that coincides with an ecological niche switch. This transition in amphibians is an example of a widespread phenomenon among vertebrates, where thyroid hormones and corticosteroids coordinate a post-embryonic developmental transition. The review addresses the functions and interactions of thyroid hormone and corticosteroid signaling in amphibian development (metamorphosis) as well as the developmental roles of these two pathways in vertebrate evolution.
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Tanizaki Y, Shibata Y, Zhang H, Shi YB. Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Controls the Hind Limb Metamorphosis by Regulating Cell Proliferation and Wnt Signaling Pathways in Xenopus tropicalis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031223. [PMID: 35163147 PMCID: PMC8835992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) receptors (TRs) mediate T3 effects on vertebrate development. We have studied Xenopus tropicalis metamorphosis as a model for postembryonic human development and demonstrated that TRα knockout induces precocious hind limb development. To reveal the molecular pathways regulated by TRα during limb development, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation- and RNA-sequencing on the hind limb of premetamorphic wild type and TRα knockout tadpoles, and identified over 700 TR-bound genes upregulated by T3 treatment in wild type but not TRα knockout tadpoles. Interestingly, most of these genes were expressed at higher levels in the hind limb of premetamorphic TRα knockout tadpoles than stage-matched wild-type tadpoles, suggesting their derepression upon TRα knockout. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that these genes were highly enriched with cell cycle and Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) signaling-related genes. Furthermore, cell cycle and Wnt signaling pathways were also highly enriched among genes bound by TR in wild type but not TRα knockout hind limb. These findings suggest that direct binding of TRα to target genes related to cell cycle and Wnt pathways is important for limb development: first preventing precocious hind limb formation by repressing these pathways as unliganded TR before metamorphosis and later promoting hind limb development during metamorphosis by mediating T3 activation of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tanizaki
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Cell Regulation and Development Affinity Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuki Shibata
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Cell Regulation and Development Affinity Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.); (Y.S.)
- Center for the Development of New Model Organisms, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hongen Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Cell Regulation and Development Affinity Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Fu L, Crawford L, Tong A, Luu N, Tanizaki Y, Shi YB. Sperm associated antigen 7 is activated by T3 during Xenopus tropicalis metamorphosis via a thyroid hormone response element within the first intron. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:48-58. [PMID: 34862790 PMCID: PMC8810736 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) affects many diverse physiological processes such as metabolism, organogenesis, and growth. The two highly related frog species, diploid Xenopus tropicalis and pseudo tetraploid Xenopus laevis, have been used as models for analyzing the effects of T3 during vertebrate development. T3 regulates T3-inducible gene transcription through T3 receptor (TR)-binding to T3-response elements (TREs). We have previously identified sperm associated antigen 7 (spag7) as a candidate T3 target gene that is potentially involved in adult stem cell development and/or proliferation during intestinal metamorphosis. To investigate whether T3 regulates spag7 directly at the transcriptional level via TR, we first conducted qRT-PCR to analyze its expression during natural and T3-induced metamorphosis and found that spag7 was up-regulated during natural metamorphosis in the intestine, tail, brain and hindlimb, peaking at the climax of metamorphosis in all those organs, and upon T3 treatment of premetamorphic tadpoles. Next, we demonstrated that an intronic TRE in spag7, first identified through bioinformatic analysis, could bind to TR in vitro and in vivo during metamorphosis. A dual luciferase assay utilizing a reconstituted frog oocyte transcription system showed that the TRE could mediate promoter activation by liganded TR. These results indicate that spag7 expression is directly regulated by T3 through the TRE in the first intron during metamorphosis, implicating a role for spag7 early during T3-regulated tissue remodeling and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liezhen Fu
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - LaTaijah Crawford
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Tong
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nga Luu
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuta Tanizaki
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Rousseau K, Dufour S, Sachs LM. Interdependence of Thyroid and Corticosteroid Signaling in Vertebrate Developmental Transitions. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.735487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-embryonic acute developmental processes mainly allow the transition from one life stage in a specific ecological niche to the next life stage in a different ecological niche. Metamorphosis, an emblematic type of these post-embryonic developmental processes, has occurred repeatedly and independently in various phylogenetic groups throughout metazoan evolution, such as in cnidarian, insects, molluscs, tunicates, or vertebrates. This review will focus on metamorphoses and developmental transitions in vertebrates, including typical larval metamorphosis in anuran amphibians, larval and secondary metamorphoses in teleost fishes, egg hatching in sauropsids and birth in mammals. Two neuroendocrine axes, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axes, are central players in the regulation of these life transitions. The review will address the molecular and functional evolution of these axes and their interactions. Mechanisms of integration of internal and environmental cues, and activation of these neuroendocrine axes represent key questions in an “eco-evo-devo” perspective of metamorphosis. The roles played by developmental transitions in the innovation, adaptation, and plasticity of life cycles throughout vertebrates will be discussed. In the current context of global climate change and habitat destruction, the review will also address the impact of environmental factors, such as global warming and endocrine disruptors on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axes, and regulation of developmental transitions.
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Xue L, Bao L, Roediger J, Su Y, Shi B, Shi YB. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 regulates cell proliferation and differentiation in adult mouse adult intestine. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:113. [PMID: 34158114 PMCID: PMC8220849 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adult stem cells play an essential role in adult organ physiology and tissue repair and regeneration. While much has been learnt about the property and function of various adult stem cells, the mechanisms of their development remain poorly understood in mammals. Earlier studies suggest that the formation of adult mouse intestinal stem cells takes place during the first few weeks after birth, the postembryonic period when plasma thyroid hormone (T3) levels are high. Furthermore, deficiency in T3 signaling leads to defects in adult mouse intestine, including reduced cell proliferation in the intestinal crypts, where stem cells reside. Our earlier studies have shown that protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), a T3 receptor coactivator, is highly expressed during intestinal maturation in mouse. Methods We have analyzed the expression of PRMT1 by immunohistochemistry and studied the effect of tissue-specific knockout of PRMT1 in the intestinal epithelium. Results We show that PRMT1 is expressed highly in the proliferating transit amplifying cells and crypt base stem cells. By using a conditional knockout mouse line, we have demonstrated that the expression of PRMT1 in the intestinal epithelium is critical for the development of the adult mouse intestine. Specific removal of PRMT1 in the intestinal epithelium results in, surprisingly, more elongated adult intestinal crypts with increased cell proliferation. In addition, epithelial cell migration along the crypt-villus axis and cell death on the villus are also increased. Furthermore, there are increased Goblet cells and reduced Paneth cells in the crypt while the number of crypt base stem cells remains unchanged. Conclusions Our finding that PRMT1 knockout increases cell proliferation is surprising considering the role of PRMT1 in T3-signaling and the importance of T3 for intestinal development, and suggests that PRMT1 likely regulates pathways in addition to T3-signaling to affect intestinal development and/or homeostasis, thus affecting cell proliferating and epithelial turn over in the adult. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00627-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xue
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lingyu Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Julia Roediger
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yijun Su
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging and Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Shibata Y, Tanizaki Y, Zhang H, Lee H, Dasso M, Shi YB. Thyroid Hormone Receptor Is Essential for Larval Epithelial Apoptosis and Adult Epithelial Stem Cell Development but Not Adult Intestinal Morphogenesis during Xenopus tropicalis Metamorphosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030536. [PMID: 33802526 PMCID: PMC8000126 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate postembryonic development is regulated by thyroid hormone (T3). Of particular interest is anuran metamorphosis, which offers several unique advantages for studying the role of T3 and its two nuclear receptor genes, TRα and TRβ, during postembryonic development. We have recently generated TR double knockout (TRDKO) Xenopus tropicalis animals and reported that TR is essential for the completion of metamorphosis. Furthermore, TRDKO tadpoles are stalled at the climax of metamorphosis before eventual death. Here we show that TRDKO intestine lacked larval epithelial cell death and adult stem cell formation/proliferation during natural metamorphosis. Interestingly, TRDKO tadpole intestine had premature formation of adult-like epithelial folds and muscle development. In addition, T3 treatment of premetamorphic TRDKO tadpoles failed to induce any metamorphic changes in the intestine. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed that TRDKO altered the expression of many genes in biological pathways such as Wnt signaling and the cell cycle that likely underlay the inhibition of larval epithelial cell death and adult stem cell development caused by removing both TR genes. Our data suggest that liganded TR is required for larval epithelial cell degeneration and adult stem cell formation, whereas unliganded TR prevents precocious adult tissue morphogenesis such as smooth-muscle development and epithelial folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shibata
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuta Tanizaki
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hongen Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Hangnoh Lee
- Section on Cell Cycle Regulation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.L.); (M.D.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Dasso
- Section on Cell Cycle Regulation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-402-1004; Fax: +1-301-402-1323
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