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Langan EA. Prolactin: A Mammalian Stress Hormone and Its Role in Cutaneous Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7100. [PMID: 39000207 PMCID: PMC11241005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The hormone prolactin (PRL) is best recognised for its indispensable role in mammalian biology, specifically the regulation of lactation. Bearing in mind that the mammary gland is a modified sweat gland, it is perhaps unsurprising to discover that PRL also plays a significant role in cutaneous biology and is implicated in the pathogenesis of a range of skin diseases, often those reportedly triggered and/or exacerbated by psychological stress. Given that PRL has been implicated in over 300 biological processes, spanning reproduction and hair growth and thermo- to immunoregulation, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between PRL and the skin remains frustratingly elusive. In an historical curiosity, the first hint that PRL could affect skin biology came from the observation of seborrhoea in patients with post-encephalitic Parkinsonism as a result of another global pandemic, encephalitis lethargica, at the beginning of the last century. As PRL is now being postulated as a potential immunomodulator for COVID-19 infection, it is perhaps timeous to re-examine this pluripotent hormone with cytokine-like properties in the cutaneous context, drawing together our understanding of the role of PRL in skin disease to illustrate how targeting PRL-mediated signalling may represent a novel strategy to treat a range of skin diseases and hair disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A. Langan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany;
- Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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2
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Robles JP, Zamora M, Garcia-Rodrigo JF, Perez AL, Bertsch T, Martinez de la Escalera G, Triebel J, Clapp C. Vasoinhibin's Apoptotic, Inflammatory, and Fibrinolytic Actions Are in a Motif Different From Its Antiangiogenic HGR Motif. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad185. [PMID: 38057149 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Vasoinhibin, a proteolytic fragment of the hormone prolactin, inhibits blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) and permeability, stimulates the apoptosis and inflammation of endothelial cells, and promotes fibrinolysis. The antiangiogenic and antivasopermeability properties of vasoinhibin were recently traced to the HGR motif located in residues 46 to 48 (H46-G47-R48), allowing the development of potent, orally active, HGR-containing vasoinhibin analogues for therapeutic use against angiogenesis-dependent diseases. However, whether the HGR motif is also responsible for the apoptotic, inflammatory, and fibrinolytic properties of vasoinhibin has not been addressed. Here, we report that HGR-containing analogues are devoid of these properties. Instead, the incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with oligopeptides containing the sequence HNLSSEM, corresponding to residues 30 to 36 of vasoinhibin, induced apoptosis, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, expression of genes encoding leukocyte adhesion molecules (VCAM1 and ICAM1) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL1B, IL6, and TNF), and adhesion of peripheral blood leukocytes. Also, intravenous or intra-articular injection of HNLSSEM-containing oligopeptides induced the expression of Vcam1, Icam1, Il1b, Il6, and Tnf in the lung, liver, kidney, eye, and joints of mice and, like vasoinhibin, these oligopeptides promoted the lysis of plasma fibrin clots by binding to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Moreover, the inhibition of PAI-1, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, or NF-κB prevented the apoptotic and inflammatory actions. In conclusion, the functional properties of vasoinhibin are segregated into 2 different structural determinants. Because apoptotic, inflammatory, and fibrinolytic actions may be undesirable for antiangiogenic therapy, HGR-containing vasoinhibin analogues stand as selective and safe agents for targeting pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Robles
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro 76230, México
- VIAN Therapeutics, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Magdalena Zamora
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Jose F Garcia-Rodrigo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Alma Lorena Perez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg 90419, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Triebel
- Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg 90419, Germany
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro 76230, México
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Milano F, Chevrier A, De Crescenzo G, Lavertu M. Injectable Lyophilized Chitosan-Thrombin-Platelet-Rich Plasma (CS-FIIa-PRP) Implant to Promote Tissue Regeneration: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Solidification Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2919. [PMID: 37447564 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Freeze-dried chitosan formulations solubilized in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are currently evaluated as injectable implants with the potential for augmenting the standard of care for tissue repair in different orthopedic conditions. The present study aimed to shorten the solidification time of such implants, leading to an easier application and a facilitated solidification in a wet environment, which were direct demands from orthopedic surgeons. The addition of thrombin to the formulation before lyophilization was explored. The challenge was to find a formulation that coagulated fast enough to be applied in a wet environment but not too fast, which would make handling/injection difficult. Four thrombin concentrations were analyzed (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 NIH/mL) in vitro (using thromboelastography, rheology, indentation, syringe injectability, and thrombin activity tests) as well as ex vivo (by assessing the implant's adherence to tendon tissue in a wet environment). The biomaterial containing 0.5 NIH/mL of thrombin significantly increased the coagulation speed while being easy to handle up to 6 min after solubilization. Furthermore, the adherence of the biomaterial to tendon tissues was impacted by the biomaterial-tendon contact duration and increased faster when thrombin was present. These results suggest that our biomaterial has great potential for use in regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Milano
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Anik Chevrier
- Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marc Lavertu
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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4
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Zhao H, Gong S, Shi Y, Luo C, Qiu H, He J, Sun Y, Huang Y, Wang S, Miao Y, Wu W. The role of prolactin/vasoinhibins in cardiovascular diseases. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 6:81-91. [PMID: 35923071 PMCID: PMC10158951 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a polypeptide hormone that is mainly synthesized and secreted by the lactotroph cells of the pituitary. There are two main isoforms of PRL: 23-kDa PRL (named full-length PRL) and vasoinhibins (including 5.6-18 kDa fragments). Both act as circulating hormones and cytokines to stimulate or inhibit vascular formation at different stages and neovascularization, including endothelial cell proliferation and migration, protease production, and apoptosis. However, their effects on vascular function and cardiovascular diseases are different or even contrary. In addition to the structure, secretion regulation, and signal transduction of PRL/vasoinhibins, this review focuses on the pathological mechanism and clinical significance of PRL/vasoinhibins in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sugang Gong
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongcong Shi
- Respiratory Medicine, Dongchuan District People's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Cijun Luo
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongling Qiu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxia Huang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Triebel J, Robles JP, Zamora M, Clapp C, Bertsch T. New horizons in specific hormone proteolysis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:371-377. [PMID: 35397984 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis of protein hormones is primarily acknowledged in the context of breakdown and metabolic clearance by hepatorenal elimination. However, less explored is the specific proteolytic processing of large protein hormones, for which canonical signaling pathways were already established [e.g., prolactin (PRL)], to generate unique messengers that impact cellular functions via pathways unrelated to the receptors of their precursor molecules. Yet, the proteolysis of PRL to generate new messengers evolved under positive selection, and cleaved protein hormones regulate essential functions to maintain homeostasis at the organismal, tissue, or organ levels. The cleavage sites at which proteolysis occurs and the proteases with their determinants define a hormone-metabolism junction at which specific proteolytic cleavage, pathological alteration, and hepatorenal elimination occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Juan Pablo Robles
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Magdalena Zamora
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany; Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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6
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Ortiz G, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Wu Z, García-Rodrigo JF, Adan N, Martinez-Diaz OF, De Los Ríos EA, López-Barrera F, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Vasoinhibin is Generated and Promotes Inflammation in Mild Antigen-induced Arthritis. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6550860. [PMID: 35305012 PMCID: PMC9272195 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis defines a family of diseases influenced by reproductive hormones. Vasoinhibin, a fragment of the hormone prolactin (PRL), has antiangiogenic and proinflammatory properties. We recently showed that vasoinhibin reduces joint inflammation and bone loss in severe antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) by an indirect mechanism involving the inhibition of pannus vascularization. This unexpected finding led us to hypothesize that a severe level of inflammation in AIA obscured the direct proinflammatory action of vasoinhibin while allowing the indirect anti-inflammatory effect via its antiangiogenic properties. In agreement with this hypothesis, here we show that the intra-articular injection of an adeno-associated virus type-2 vector encoding vasoinhibin reduced joint inflammation in a severe AIA condition, but elevated joint inflammation in a mild AIA model. The proinflammatory effect, unmasked in mild AIA, resulted in joint swelling, enhanced leukocyte infiltration, and upregulation of expression of genes encoding proinflammatory mediators (Il1b, Il6, Inos, Mmp3), adhesion molecule (Icam1), and chemokines (Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl3, Ccl2). Furthermore, vasoinhibin induced the expression of proinflammatory mediators and chemokines in cultured synovial fibroblasts through nuclear factor-κB. Finally, matrix metalloproteases and cathepsin D, upregulated in the arthritic joint, cleaved PRL to vasoinhibin, and vasoinhibin levels increased in the circulation of mice subjected to AIA. We suggest that vasoinhibin is generated during inflammatory arthritis and acts on synovial fibroblasts and endothelial cells to initially promote and later inhibit inflammation, respectively. These opposite effects may work together to help keep joint inflammation under balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Ortiz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | - Maria G Ledesma-Colunga
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | - Zhijian Wu
- Ocular Gene Therapy Laboratory, Neurobiology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jose F García-Rodrigo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | - Norma Adan
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | - Oscar F Martinez-Diaz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | - Ericka A De Los Ríos
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | - Fernando López-Barrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
- Correspondence: Carmen Clapp, PhD, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México.
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7
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Leuchs A, Davies N, Friedrich C, Trier S, Clapp C, Bertsch T, Triebel J. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of prolactin cleavage sites for the generation of vasoinhibin in vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 320:114011. [PMID: 35231488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Vasoinhibin is a pleiotropic protein hormone with endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine effects on blood vessel growth, permeability, and dilation, and a role in several human diseases. It is generated by proteolytic cleavage of the pituitary hormone prolactin by cathepsin D. Several isoforms with a variation in the number of amino acids and corresponding molecular mass exist. This in silico study investigated the cathepsin D cleavage sites in prolactin responsible for the generation of vasoinhibin in vertebrate species. Ninety-one prolactin protein sequences from species of the taxa primates, rodents, laurasiatheria, mammals, sauropsida, and fish were retrieved, and a multiple sequence alignment was performed. Each sequence was investigated for the presence of a vasoinhibin-generating cathepsin D cleavage site and its corresponding substrate affinity using a scoring system. Primates demonstrated the highest substrate affinity for the generation of the 15 kDa vasoinhibin isoform, and fish the highest affinity for the 16.8 kDa isoform. In both cases, this associates to the presence of leucine in the cleavage site, which is not present in species of the other taxa. In primate evolution, the presence of leucine in the cleavage site occurs with the emergence of simiiformes 42 million years ago and is conserved in higher primates across all subsequent speciation nodes. The 17.2 kDa vasoinhibin isoform has a constant substrate affinity in all taxa. The presence of leucine in vasoinhibin generating cleavage sites appears as an important feature of the molecular evolution of vasoinhibin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Leuchs
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Nils Davies
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Christin Friedrich
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Trier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.
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Adán-Castro E, Siqueiros-Márquez L, Ramírez-Hernández G, Díaz-Lezama N, Ruíz-Herrera X, Núñez FF, Núñez-Amaro CD, Robles-Osorio ML, Bertsch T, Triebel J, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinaemia increases retinal vasoinhibin and protects against diabetic retinopathy in rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13091. [PMID: 35078262 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Excessive vasopermeability and angiogenesis compromise vision in diabetic macular oedema (DME) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Vasoinhibin is a fragment of the hormone prolactin (PRL) that inhibits diabetes-induced retinal hypervasopermeability and ischaemia-induced retinal angiogenesis in rodents. Hyperprolactinaemia generated by the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, levosulpiride, is associated with higher levels of vasoinhibin in the vitreous of patients with DR, implying a beneficial outcome due to vasoinhibin-mediated inhibition of retinal vascular alterations. Here, we tested whether hyperprolactinaemia induced by racemic sulpiride increases intraocular vasoinhibin levels and inhibits retinal hypervasopermeability in diabetic rats. Diabetes was generated with streptozotocin and, 4 weeks later, rats were treated for 2 weeks with sulpiride or osmotic minipumps delivering PRL. ELISA, Western blot, and Evans blue assay were used to evaluate serum PRL, retinal vasoinhibin, and retinal vasopermeability, respectively. Hyperprolactinaemia in response to sulpiride or exogenous PRL was associated with increased levels of vasoinhibin in the retina and reduced retinal hypervasopermeability. Furthermore, sulpiride decreased retinal haemorrhages in response to the intravitreal administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Neither sulpiride nor exogenous PRL modified blood glucose levels or bodyweight. We conclude that sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinaemia inhibits the diabetes- and VEGF-mediated increase in retinal vasopermeability by promoting the intraocular conversion of endogenous PRL to vasoinhibin. These findings support the therapeutic potential of sulpiride and its levorotatory enantiomer, levosulpiride, against DME and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva Adán-Castro
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | | | | | - Nundehui Díaz-Lezama
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Xarubet Ruíz-Herrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Francisco Freinet Núñez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Carlos D Núñez-Amaro
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
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Markl-Hahn H, Neugebauer L, Lenke L, Ecker S, Merz T, McCook O, Khoder N, Brucker C, Radermacher P, Waller C, Clapp C, Bertsch T, Triebel J. Human Placental Tissue Contains a Placental Lactogen Derived Vasoinhibin. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac029. [PMID: 35265784 PMCID: PMC8900287 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormonal factors affecting the vascular adaptions of the uteroplacental unit in noncomplicated and complicated pregnancies are of interest. Here, 4 human placentas from women with and without preeclampsia (PE) were investigated for the presence of placental lactogen (PL)-derived, antiangiogenic vasoinhibin. Western blotting and mass spectrometry of placental tissue revealed the presence of a 9-kDa PL-derived vasoinhibin, the normal 22-kDa full-length PL, and a 28-kDa immunoreactive protein of undetermined nature. The sequence of the 9-kDa vasoinhibin includes the antiangiogenic determinant of vasoinhibin and could constitute a relevant factor in normal pregnancy and PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Markl-Hahn
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Leon Neugebauer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Livia Lenke
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Ecker
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Merz
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oscar McCook
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Noura Khoder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Cosima Brucker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christiane Waller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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10
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Clapp C, Ortiz G, García-Rodrigo JF, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Martínez-Díaz OF, Adán N, Martínez de la Escalera G. Dual Roles of Prolactin and Vasoinhibin in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:905756. [PMID: 35721729 PMCID: PMC9202596 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.905756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term inflammatory arthritis defines a family of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), caused by an overactive immune system, and influenced by host aspects including sex, reproductive state, and stress. Prolactin (PRL) is a sexually dimorphic, reproductive, stress-related hormone long-linked to RA under the general assumption that it aggravates the disease. However, this conclusion remains controversial since PRL has both negative and positive outcomes in RA that may depend on the hormone circulating levels, synthesis by joint tissues, and complex interactions at the inflammatory milieu. The inflamed joint is rich in matrix metalloproteases that cleave PRL to vasoinhibin, a PRL fragment with proinflammatory effects and the ability to inhibit the hyperpermeability and growth of blood vessels. This review addresses this field with the idea that explanatory mechanisms lie within the PRL/vasoinhibin axis, an integrative framework influencing not only the levels of systemic and local PRL, but also the proteolytic conversion of PRL to vasoinhibin, as vasoinhibin itself has dual actions on joint inflammation. In this review, we discuss recent findings from mouse models suggesting the upregulation of endogenous vasoinhibin by the pro-inflammatory environment and showing dichotomous actions and signaling mechanisms of PRL and vasoinhibin on joint inflammation that are cell-specific and context-dependent. We hypothesize that these opposing actions work together to balance the inflammatory response and provide new insights for understanding the pathophysiology of RA and the development of new treatments.
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Triebel J, Bertsch T, Clapp C. Prolactin and vasoinhibin are endogenous players in diabetic retinopathy revisited. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:994898. [PMID: 36157442 PMCID: PMC9500238 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.994898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are major causes for visual loss in adults. Nearly half of the world's population with diabetes has some degree of DR, and DME is a major cause of visual impairment in these patients. Severe vision loss occurs because of tractional retinal detachment due to retinal neovascularization, but the most common cause of moderate vision loss occurs in DME where excessive vascular permeability leads to the exudation and accumulation of extracellular fluid and proteins in the macula. Metabolic control stands as an effective mean for controlling retinal vascular alterations in some but not all patients with diabetes, and the search of other modifiable factors affecting the risk for diabetic microvascular complications is warranted. Prolactin (PRL) and its proteolytic fragment, vasoinhibin, have emerged as endogenous regulators of retinal blood vessels. PRL acquires antiangiogenic and anti-vasopermeability properties after undergoing proteolytic cleavage to vasoinhibin, which helps restrict the vascularization of ocular organs and, upon disruption, promotes retinal vascular alterations characteristic of DR and DME. Evidence is linking PRL (and other pituitary hormones) and vasoinhibin to DR and recent preclinical and clinical evidence supports their translation into novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, General Hospital Nuremberg and Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jakob Triebel,
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, General Hospital Nuremberg and Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
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