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Vazakidou P, Evangelista S, Li T, Lecante LL, Rosenberg K, Koekkoek J, Salumets A, Velthut-Meikas A, Damdimopoulou P, Mazaud-Guittot S, Fowler PA, Leonards PEG, van Duursen MBM. The profile of steroid hormones in human fetal and adult ovaries. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:60. [PMID: 38778396 PMCID: PMC11110185 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproduction in women is at risk due to exposure to chemicals that can disrupt the endocrine system during different windows of sensitivity throughout life. Steroid hormone levels are fundamental for the normal development and function of the human reproductive system, including the ovary. This study aims to elucidate steroidogenesis at different life-stages in human ovaries. METHODS We have developed a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for 21 important steroid hormones and measured them at different life stages: in media from cultures of human fetal ovaries collected from elective terminations of normally progressing pregnancy and in media from adult ovaries from Caesarean section patients, and follicular fluid from women undergoing infertility treatment. Statistically significant differences in steroid hormone levels and their ratios were calculated with parametric tests. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to explore clustering of the ovarian-derived steroidogenic profiles. RESULTS Comparison of the 21 steroid hormones revealed clear differences between the various ovarian-derived steroid profiles. Interestingly, we found biosynthesis of both canonical and "backdoor" pathway steroid hormones and corticosteroids in first and second trimester fetal and adult ovarian tissue cultures. 17α-estradiol, a less potent naturally occurring isomer of 17β-estradiol, was detected only in follicular fluid. PCA of the ovarian-derived profiles revealed clusters from: adult ovarian tissue cultures with relatively high levels of androgens; first trimester and second trimester fetal ovarian tissue cultures with relatively low estrogen levels; follicular fluid with the lowest androgens, but highest corticosteroid, progestogen and estradiol levels. Furthermore, ratios of specific steroid hormones showed higher estradiol/ testosterone and estrone/androstenedione (indicating higher CYP19A1 activity, p < 0.01) and higher 17-hydroxyprogesterone/progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone /androstenedione (indicating higher CYP17A1 activity, p < 0.01) in fetal compared to adult ovarian tissue cultures. CONCLUSIONS Human ovaries demonstrate de novo synthesis of non-canonical and "backdoor" pathway steroid hormones and corticosteroids. Elucidating the steroid profiles in human ovaries improves our understanding of physiological, life-stage dependent, steroidogenic capacity of ovaries and will inform mechanistic studies to identify endocrine disrupting chemicals that affect female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Vazakidou
- Section Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
| | - Sara Evangelista
- Section Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Tianyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Laetitia L Lecante
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Kristine Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- Nova Vita Clinic, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jacco Koekkoek
- Section Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Andres Salumets
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
- Competence Center on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Agne Velthut-Meikas
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Séverine Mazaud-Guittot
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Inserm, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Section Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Majorie B M van Duursen
- Section Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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Muto M, Yoshizato T, Horinouchi T, Yokomine M, Sakamoto Y, Ishii S, Kinoshita M, Kozuma Y, Ushijima K. Risk Factors in Fetal Ovarian Cysts for Postnatal Adverse Outcomes. Kurume Med J 2024; 69:127-133. [PMID: 38233187 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms6934002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the natural history of fetal ovarian cysts and elucidate the risk factors for postnatal adverse outcomes in fetal ovarian cysts. METHODS The study subjects were 18 cases with ovarian cysts prenatally diagnosed using ultrasonography at our hospital between 2007 and 2020. The subjects were classified by cyst characteristics according to echogenic patterns [simple cyst (S) and complex cyst (C)], changes in echogenic patterns (S-to-S, S-to-C, and C-to-C), and diameters (<40 and ≥ 40 mm). Clinical parameters and outcomes were compared between S and C patterns, S-to-S and S-to-C patterns, and <40 and ≥ 40 mm diameters. RESULTS Cases with S and C patterns (15 and 3, respectively) had median gestational ages of 35 and 36 weeks, respectively, and maximum cyst diameters of 36 and 57mm, respectively. The number of cases with S-to-S, S-to-C and C-to-C patterns were 11, 4 and 3, respectively. The maximum cyst diameter in cases with S-to-C patterns (58 mm) was larger than that in cases with S-to-S patterns (34 mm) (P<0.05). Placental weight in cases with cysts >40 mm and/or cyst expansion was greater than that in cases with neither or both conditions (P<0.05). Spontaneous resolution (before and after birth) occurred in 8 of 9 and 3 of 9 cases with maximum cyst diameters <40 and ≥ 40 mm, respectively. Ovarian function was lost in 2 cases with S-to-C patterns and in 2 cases with C-to-C patterns. CONCLUSION Cases with cyst diameters ≥ 40 mm and/or cyst expansion during the late third trimester had greater placental weight and more postnatal adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Muto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Toshiyuki Yoshizato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Horinouchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Masato Yokomine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshitaka Sakamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Shinji Ishii
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | | | - Yutaka Kozuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Kimio Ushijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
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3
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Overland MR, Li Y, Derpinghaus A, Aksel S, Cao M, Ladwig N, Cunha GR, Himelreich-Perić M, Baskin LS. Development of the human ovary: Fetal through pubertal ovarian morphology, folliculogenesis and expression of cellular differentiation markers. Differentiation 2023; 129:37-59. [PMID: 36347737 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A definition of normal human fetal and early postnatal ovarian development is critical to the ability to accurately diagnose the presence or absence of functional ovarian tissue in clinical specimens. Through assembling an extensive histologic and immunohistochemical developmental ontogeny of human ovarian specimens from 8 weeks of gestation through 16 years of postnatal, we present a comprehensive immunohistochemical mapping of normal protein expression patterns in the early fetal through post-pubertal human ovary and detail a specific expression-based definition of the early stages of follicular development. Normal fetal and postnatal ovarian tissue is defined by the presence of follicular structures and characteristic immunohistochemical staining patterns, including granulosa cells expressing Forkhead Box Protein L2 (FOXL2). However, the current standard array of immunohistochemical markers poorly defines ovarian stromal tissue, and additional work is needed to identify new markers to advance our ability to accurately identify ovarian stromal components in gonadal specimens from patients with disorders of sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya R Overland
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Amber Derpinghaus
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sena Aksel
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Mei Cao
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nicholas Ladwig
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Marta Himelreich-Perić
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Laurence S Baskin
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Lecante LL, Leverrier-Penna S, Gicquel T, Giton F, Costet N, Desdoits-Lethimonier C, Lesné L, Fromenty B, Lavoué V, Rolland AD, Mazaud-Guittot S. Acetaminophen (APAP, Paracetamol) Interferes With the First Trimester Human Fetal Ovary Development in an Ex Vivo Model. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1647-1661. [PMID: 35147701 PMCID: PMC9113793 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol) is widely used by pregnant women. Although long considered safe, growing evidence indicates that APAP is an endocrine disruptor since in utero exposure may be associated with a higher risk of male genital tract abnormalities. In rodents, fetal exposure has long-term effects on the reproductive function of female offspring. Human studies have also suggested harmful APAP exposure effects. OBJECTIVE Given that disruption of fetal ovarian development may impact women's reproductive health, we investigated the effects of APAP on fetal human ovaries in culture. DESIGN AND SETTING Human ovarian fragments from 284 fetuses aged 7 to 12 developmental weeks (DW) were cultivated ex vivo for 7 days in the presence of human-relevant concentrations of APAP (10-8 to 10-3 M) or vehicle control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes included examination of postculture tissue morphology, cell viability, apoptosis, and quantification of hormones, APAP, and APAP metabolites in conditioned culture media. RESULTS APAP reduced the total cell number specifically in 10- to 12-DW ovaries, induced cell death, and decreased KI67-positive cell density independently of fetal age. APAP targeted subpopulations of germ cells and disrupted human fetal ovarian steroidogenesis, without affecting prostaglandin or inhibin B production. Human fetal ovaries were able to metabolize APAP. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that APAP can impact first trimester human fetal ovarian development, especially during a 10- to 12-DW window of heightened sensitivity. Overall, APAP behaves as an endocrine disruptor in the fetal human ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia L Lecante
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Sabrina Leverrier-Penna
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Gicquel
- Inserm, Inrae, Univ Rennes, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer), Rennes, France
- Clinical and forensic Toxicology Laboratory Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Frank Giton
- AP-HP, Pôle Biologie-Pathologie Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- Inserm IMRB, Faculté de Santé, Créteil, France
| | - Nathalie Costet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | | | - Laurianne Lesné
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Inserm, Inrae, Univ Rennes, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer), Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Lavoué
- CHU Rennes, Service Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine D Rolland
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Séverine Mazaud-Guittot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
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du Toit T, Swart AC. Turning the spotlight on the C11-oxy androgens in human fetal development. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 212:105946. [PMID: 34171490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research into the biosynthesis of C11-oxy C19 steroids during human fetal development, specifically fetal adrenal development and during the critical period of sex differentiation, is currently lacking. Cortisol, which possesses a C11-hydroxyl moiety has, however, been firmly established in this context. Compelling questions are whether the C11-oxy C19 steroids (11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, 11-ketoandrostenedione and 11-ketotestosterone [11KT]) and the C11-oxy C21 steroids (11β-hydroxyprogesterone and 11-ketoprogesterone) are biosynthesised during gestation, and whether these hormones circulate between the placenta and the developing fetus, and between the placenta and the mother. This review will consider the role of cortisol, 11KT and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2) in determining the sex of teleost fish, while these hormones and 11βHSD2 will also be discussed with regards to murine mammals. The focus of the review will shift to highlight the potential role of C11-oxy steroids in human fetal development based on the timely expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the adrenal, testes and ovary, as well as in the placenta; summarising reported evidence of C11-oxy steroids in neonatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therina du Toit
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Amanda C Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
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6
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Zhang FL, Kong L, Zhao AH, Ge W, Yan ZH, Li L, De Felici M, Shen W. Inflammatory cytokines as key players of apoptosis induced by environmental estrogens in the ovary. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111225. [PMID: 33971129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic environmental estrogens (EEs), interfering with the physiological functions of the body's estrogens, are widespread and are rising much concern for their possible deleterious effects on human and animal health, in particular on reproduction. In fact, increasing evidence indicate that EEs can be responsible for a variety of disfunctions of the reproductive system especially in females such as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Because of their great structural diversity, the modes of action of EEs are controversial. One important way through which EEs exert their effects on reproduction is the induction of apoptosis in the ovary. In general, EEs can exert pro-and anti-apoptotic effects by agonizing or antagonizing numerous estrogen-dependent signaling pathways. In the present work, results concerning apoptotic pathways and diseases induced by representative EEs (such as zearalenone, bisphenol A and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), in ovaries throughout development are presented into an integrated network. By reviewing and elaborating these studies, we propose inflammatory factors, centered on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as a major cause of the induction of apoptosis by EEs in the mammalian ovary. As a consequence, potential strategies to prevent such EE effect are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Li Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Li Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ai-Hong Zhao
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zi-Hui Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Liu X, Li W, Yang Y, Chen K, Li Y, Zhu X, Ye H, Xu H. Transcriptome Profiling of the Ovarian Cells at the Single-Cell Resolution in Adult Asian Seabass. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647892. [PMID: 33855024 PMCID: PMC8039529 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is widely adopted for identifying the signature molecular markers or regulators in cells, as this would benefit defining or isolating various types of cells. Likewise, the signature transcriptome profile analysis at the single cell level would well illustrate the key regulators or networks involved in gametogenesis and gonad development in animals; however, there is limited scRNA-seq analysis on gonadal cells in lower vertebrates, especially in the sexual reversal fish species. In this study, we analyzed the molecular signature of several distinct cell populations of Asian seabass adult ovaries through scRNA-seq. We identified five cell types and also successfully validated some specific genes of germ cells and granulosa cells. Likewise, we found some key pathways involved in ovarian development that may concert germline-somatic interactions. Moreover, we compared the transcriptomic profiles across fruit fly, mammals, and fish, and thus uncovered the conservation and divergence in molecular mechanisms that might drive ovarian development. Our results provide a basis for studying the crucial features of germ cells and somatic cells, which will benefit the understandings of the molecular mechanisms behind gametogenesis and gonad development in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaili Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Yao S, Lopez-Tello J, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Developmental programming of the female reproductive system-a review. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:745-770. [PMID: 33354727 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposures to adverse conditions in utero can lead to permanent changes in the structure and function of key physiological systems in the developing fetus, increasing the risk of disease and premature aging in later postnatal life. When considering the systems that could be affected by an adverse gestational environment, the reproductive system of developing female offspring may be particularly important, as changes have the potential to alter both reproductive capacity of the first generation, as well as health of the second generation through changes in the oocyte. The aim of this review is to examine the impact of different adverse intrauterine conditions on the reproductive system of the female offspring. It focuses on the effects of exposure to maternal undernutrition, overnutrition/obesity, hypoxia, smoking, steroid excess, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and pollutants during gestation and draws on data from human and animal studies to illuminate underlying mechanisms. The available data indeed indicate that adverse gestational environments alter the reproductive physiology of female offspring with consequences for future reproductive capacity. These alterations are mediated via programmed changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and the structure and function of reproductive tissues, particularly the ovaries. Reproductive programming may be observed as a change in the timing of puberty onset and menopause/reproductive decline, altered menstrual/estrous cycles, polycystic ovaries, and elevated risk of reproductive tissue cancers. These reproductive outcomes can affect the fertility and fecundity of the female offspring; however, further work is needed to better define the possible impact of these programmed changes on subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Yao
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jorge Lopez-Tello
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Baskin L, Sinclair A, Derpinghaus A, Cao M, Li Y, Overland M, Aksel S, Cunha GR. Estrogens and development of the mouse and human external genitalia. Differentiation 2020; 118:82-106. [PMID: 33092894 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Jost hypothesis states that androgens are necessary for normal development of the male external genitalia. In this review, we explore the complementary hypothesis that estrogens can elicit abnormal development of male external genitalia. Herein, we review available data in both humans and mice on the deleterious effects of estrogen on external genitalia development, especially during the "window of susceptibility" to exogenous estrogens. The male and female developing external genitalia in both the human and mouse express ESR1 and ESR2, along with the androgen receptor (AR). Human clinical data suggests that exogenous estrogens can adversely affect normal penile and urethral development, resulting in hypospadias. Experimental mouse data also strongly supports the idea that exogenous estrogens cause penile and urethral defects. Despite key differences, estrogen-induced hypospadias in the mouse displays certain morphogenetic homologies to human hypospadias, including disruption of urethral fusion and preputial abnormalities. Timing of estrogenic exposure, or the "window of susceptibility," is an important consideration when examining malformations of the external genitalia in both humans and mice. In addition to a review of normal human and mouse external genital development, this article aims to review the present data on the role of estrogens in normal and abnormal development of the mouse and human internal and external genitalia. Based on the current literature for both species, we conclude that estrogen-dependent processes may play a role in abnormal genital development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Baskin
- University of California, San Francisco, Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, 550 16th St, 5th Floor, Mission Hall Pediatric Urology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Adriane Sinclair
- University of California, San Francisco, Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, 550 16th St, 5th Floor, Mission Hall Pediatric Urology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Amber Derpinghaus
- University of California, San Francisco, Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, 550 16th St, 5th Floor, Mission Hall Pediatric Urology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Mei Cao
- University of California, San Francisco, Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, 550 16th St, 5th Floor, Mission Hall Pediatric Urology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Yi Li
- University of California, San Francisco, Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, 550 16th St, 5th Floor, Mission Hall Pediatric Urology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Maya Overland
- University of California, San Francisco, Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, 550 16th St, 5th Floor, Mission Hall Pediatric Urology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Sena Aksel
- University of California, San Francisco, Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, 550 16th St, 5th Floor, Mission Hall Pediatric Urology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- University of California, San Francisco, Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, 550 16th St, 5th Floor, Mission Hall Pediatric Urology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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10
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Satirapod C, Wang N, MacDonald JA, Sun M, Woods DC, Tilly JL. Estrogen regulation of germline stem cell differentiation as a mechanism contributing to female reproductive aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7313-7333. [PMID: 32302290 PMCID: PMC7202493 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Progressive loss of ovarian estrogen (E2) production is a hallmark feature of, if not a driving force behind, reproductive aging and the menopause. Recent genetic studies in mice have shown that female germline or oogonial stem cells (OSCs) contribute to maintenance of adult ovarian function and fertility under physiological conditions through support of de-novo oogenesis. Here we show that mouse OSCs express E2 receptor-α (ERα). In the presence of E2, ERα interacts with the stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (Stra8) promoter to drive Stra8 expression followed by oogenesis. Treatment of mice with E2 in vivo increases Stra8 expression and oogenesis, and these effects are nullified by ERα (Esr1), but not ERβ (Esr2), gene disruption. Although mice lacking ERα are born with a normal quota of oocytes, ERα-deficient females develop premature ovarian insufficiency in adulthood due to impaired oogenesis. Lastly, mice treated with reversible ER antagonists show a loss of Stra8 expression and oocyte numbers; however, both endpoints rebound to control levels after ceasing drug treatment. These findings establish a key physiological role for E2-ERα signaling in promoting OSC differentiation as a potential mechanism to maintain adequate numbers of ovarian follicles during reproductive life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonthicha Satirapod
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Current address: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Julie A. MacDonald
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Current address: Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minghan Sun
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dori C. Woods
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Tilly
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Heinosalo T, Saarinen N, Poutanen M. Role of hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase type 1 in reproductive tissues and hormone-dependent diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:9-31. [PMID: 30149044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal synthesis and metabolism of sex steroids is involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, such as endometriosis and cancers arising from the breast and uterus. Steroid biosynthesis is a multistep enzymatic process proceeding from cholesterol to highly active sex steroids via different intermediates. Human Hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD17B1) enzyme shows a high capacity to produce the highly active estrogen, estradiol, from a precursor hormone, estrone. However, the enzyme may also play a role in other steps of the steroid biosynthesis pathway. In this article, we have reviewed the literature on HSD17B1, and summarize the role of the enzyme in hormone-dependent diseases in women as evidenced by preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija Heinosalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Niina Saarinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Albalushi H, Sahlin L, Åkesson E, Kurek M, Kjartansdóttir KR, Lindh R, Söder O, Rotstein E, Hovatta O, Stukenborg JB. Hormone Production by Human First-Trimester Gonads in a Functional In Vitro System. Endocrinology 2019; 160:133-142. [PMID: 30418555 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the past, explant tissue-culture methodologies have been used to grow gonads and study their development. Results from in vitro cultures of human gonads showed limited progress toward gonadal cell differentiation and were focused mainly on germ-cell differentiation. Thus, detailed studies focusing on human first-trimester gonadal tissue functionality in vitro are still missing. In this study we investigated the endocrine function of human first-trimester gonads in vitro. We included 27 female and 28 male gonadal samples, derived from a total of 55 cases, at postconceptional ages of 4.5 to 10.5 weeks. Tissues were cultured using an explant tissue-culture system for 14 days. Assays for testosterone (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; ELISA), and inhibin B (ELISA) were performed using media collected after 7 and 14 days of culture. We demonstrated sex- and age-dependent secretion profiles of testosterone, AMH, and inhibin B in the culture media, which resemble the pattern of hormone production in human gonads in vivo, from the few available studies at the same age range. Our study shows that explant tissue-culture conditions are robust for culture of human first-trimester gonadal somatic cells. Thus, it can be used to study human gonadal development and related diseases as well as the effect of potentially hormone-disturbing substances in human gonads during development. However, detailed molecular studies are needed for better understanding of the mechanistic control of the endocrine function of human first-trimester gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Albalushi
- NORDFERTIL Research Laboratory Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | - Lena Sahlin
- NORDFERTIL Research Laboratory Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Åkesson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- R&D Unit, Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Kurek
- NORDFERTIL Research Laboratory Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristín Rós Kjartansdóttir
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rika Lindh
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Söder
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia Rotstein
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan-Bernd Stukenborg
- NORDFERTIL Research Laboratory Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Lavoie JC, Tremblay A. Sex-Specificity of Oxidative Stress in Newborns Leading to a Personalized Antioxidant Nutritive Strategy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7040049. [PMID: 29584624 PMCID: PMC5946115 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a critical process that triggers several diseases observed in premature infants. Growing recognition of the detriment of oxidative stress in newborns warrants the use of an antioxidant strategy that is likely to be nutritional in order to restore redox homeostasis. It appears essential to have a personalized approach that will take into account the age of gestation at birth and the sex of the infant. However, the link between sex and oxidative stress remains unclear. The aim of this study was to find a common denominator explaining the discrepancy between studies related to sex-specific effects of oxidative stress. Results highlight a specificity of sex in the levels of oxidative stress markers linked to the metabolism of glutathione, as measured in the intracellular compartments. Levels of all sex-dependent oxidative stress markers are greater and markers associated to a better antioxidant defense are lower in boys compared to girls during the neonatal period. This sex-specific discrepancy is likely to be related to estrogen metabolism, which is more active in baby-girls and promotes the activation of glutathione metabolism. Conclusion: our observations suggest that nutritive antioxidant strategies need to target glutathione metabolism and, therefore, should be personalized considering, among others, the sex specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Lavoie
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - André Tremblay
- Department Obstetrics & Gynecology, and department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure impairs meiotic progression and DNA damage repair in fetal mouse oocytes in vitro. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2966. [PMID: 28771232 PMCID: PMC5596541 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), is the most common member of the class of phthalates that are used as plasticizers and have become common environmental contaminants. A number of studies have shown that DEHP exposure impacts reproductive health in both male and female mammals by acting as an estrogen analog. Here, we investigated the effects of DEHP on meiotic progression of fetal mouse oocytes by using an in vitro model of ovarian tissue culture. The results showed that 10 or 100 μM DEHP exposure inhibited the progression of oocytes throughout meiotic prophase I, specifically from the pachytene to diplotene stages. DEHP possibly impairs the ability to repair DNA double-strand breaks induced by meiotic recombination and as a consequence activates a pachytene check point. At later stages, such defects led to an increased number of oocytes showing apoptotic markers (TUNEL staining, expression of pro-apoptotic genes), resulting in reduced oocyte survival, gap junctions, and follicle assembly in the ovarian tissues. Microarray analysis of ovarian tissues exposed to DEHP showed altered expression of several genes including some involved in apoptosis and gonad development. The expression changes of some genes clustered in cell-cell communication and signal transduction, along with plasma membrane, extracellular matrix and ion channel function classes, were dependent on the DEHP concentration. Together, these results bring new support to the notion that exposure to DEHP during gestation might exert deleterious effects on ovary development, perturbing germ cell meiosis and the expression of genes involved in a wide range of biological processes including ovary development.
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15
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Sathyanarayana S, Butts S, Wang C, Barrett E, Nguyen R, Schwartz SM, Haaland W, Swan SH. Early Prenatal Phthalate Exposure, Sex Steroid Hormones, and Birth Outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1870-1878. [PMID: 28324030 PMCID: PMC5470772 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adequate sex steroid hormone concentrations are essential for normal fetal genital development in early pregnancy. Our previous study demonstrated an inverse relationship between third-trimester di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate exposure and total testosterone (TT) concentrations. Here, we examine early-pregnancy phthalates, sex steroid hormone concentrations, and newborn reproductive outcomes. DESIGN We examined associations between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in early pregnancy and serum free testosterone (FT), TT, estrone (E1), and estradiol (E2) in 591 woman/infant dyads in The Infant Development and Environment Study; we also examined relationships between hormones and newborn genital outcomes using multiple regression models with covariate adjustment. RESULTS E1 and E2 concentrations were 15% to 30% higher in relation to 1-unit increases in log monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate, and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxy-hexyl phthalate concentrations, and E2 was 15% higher in relation to increased log monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP). FT concentrations were 12% lower in relation to 1-unit increases in log mono(carboxynonyl) phthalate (MCNP) and mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate concentrations. Higher maternal FT was associated with a 25% lower prevalence of having a male genital abnormality at birth. CONCLUSIONS The positive relationships between MiBP, MBzP, and DEHP metabolites and E1/E2 are unique and suggest a positive estrogenic effect in early pregnancy. The inverse relationship between MCNP and DEHP metabolites and serum FT supports previous work examining phthalate/testosterone relationships later in pregnancy. Higher FT in relation to a 25% lower prevalence of male genital abnormalities confirms the importance of testosterone in early fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98121
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle, Washington 98121
| | - Samantha Butts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160
| | - Christina Wang
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Los Angeles, California 90502
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Ruby Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Stephen M. Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Wren Haaland
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle, Washington 98121
| | - Shanna H. Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
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16
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Transgenerational toxicity of Zearalenone in pigs. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:110-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Fetal exposure to bisphenol A affects the primordial follicle formation by inhibiting the meiotic progression of oocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5651-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Brieno-Enriquez MA, Reig-Viader R, Cabero L, Toran N, Martinez F, Roig I, Garcia Caldes M. Gene expression is altered after bisphenol A exposure in human fetal oocytes in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2011; 18:171-83. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gar074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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19
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Brieño-Enríquez M, Robles P, Camats-Tarruella N, García-Cruz R, Roig I, Cabero L, Martínez F, Caldés MG. Human meiotic progression and recombination are affected by Bisphenol A exposure during in vitro human oocyte development. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:2807-18. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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20
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Hickey M, Doherty DA, Hart R, Norman RJ, Mattes E, Atkinson HC, Sloboda DM. Maternal and umbilical cord androgen concentrations do not predict digit ratio (2D:4D) in girls: a prospective cohort study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010; 35:1235-44. [PMID: 20299156 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Digit ratio (2D:4D) is widely used as a marker of prenatal androgen exposure. However, there are no published prospective studies where prenatal androgen exposure has been measured and correlated with digit ratio in adult life. We aimed to establish the prospective relationship between prenatal androgen exposure in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (as measured by maternal circulating androgen concentrations and umbilical cord androgen concentrations) and digit ratio in adolescent girls. Androgen concentrations (testosterone, free androgen index, androstenedione, DHEAS) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in stored plasma samples from pregnant mothers at 18 (n=118) and 34/36 (n=114) weeks of gestation and in cord blood (n=82) from the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Cohort Study (www.rainestudy.org.au). Digit ratio was measured in 244 female offspring from this cohort at age 14-16 years. Only one borderline statistically significant correlation between maternal circulating androstenedione levels at 18 weeks of gestation and left hand digit ratio was seen. No other statistically significant relationship between maternal androgen concentrations or umbilical cord androgen concentrations and digit ratio in adolescence were observed. These findings suggest that variation in 2D:4D in girls is not established as a result of testosterone concentrations in the second and third trimesters. We conclude that prenatal androgen exposure as measured by maternal circulating androgen concentrations at 18 and 34/36 weeks of gestation or in the umbilical cord at birth may not predict digit ratio in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hickey
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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21
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Depalo R, Lorusso F, Bettocchi S, Selvaggi L, Cavallini A, Valentini AM, Caruso ML, Lippolis C. Assessment of Estrogen Receptors and Apoptotic Factors in Cryopreserved Human Ovarian Cortex. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2009; 55:236-43. [DOI: 10.3109/19396360903046761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Salonen J, Butzow R, Palvimo JJ, Heikinheimo M, Heikinheimo O. Oestrogen receptors and small nuclear ring finger protein 4 (RNF4) in malignant ovarian germ cell tumours. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 307:205-10. [PMID: 19524139 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Revised: 03/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The peak incidence of malignant ovarian germ cell tumours occurs soon after puberty. Thus, gonadal steroids may play a role in their development. Oestrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta) and their co-regulators, including small nuclear ring finger protein 4 (SNURF/RNF4) mediate oestrogen actions. While ERbeta and SNURF are down-regulated in testicular germ cell tumours, their role in the ovarian germ cell tumours remains unknown. We herein studied the different subtypes of malignant ovarian germ cell tumours, and found that they all express ERalpha, ERbeta, and SNURF. Stimulation with oestradiol (E2), ERalpha, ERbeta and SNURF significantly up-regulated mRNA expression in the human germinoma derived NCC-IT cells. Further, the effects of E2 were counteracted by an anti-oestrogen (ICI 182,780). Neither E2 nor ICI 182,780 had an effect on the proliferation of NCC-IT cells as assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Our results suggest that oestrogen signalling has a role in malignant ovarian germ cell tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Salonen
- Paediatric Research Centre, Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Saloniemi T, Welsh M, Lamminen T, Saunders P, Mäkelä S, Streng T, Poutanen M. Human HSD17B1 expression masculinizes transgenic female mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 301:163-8. [PMID: 19061935 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
When present in excess amounts during fetal life, androgens can impair female development by inducing masculinization. On way to modify fetal steroid concentration is by altering the expression of hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenases (HSD17Bs). Human HSD17B1 converts weak estrogen estrone to estradiol, and with lower catalytic efficiency, weak androgen androstenedione to testosterone. We have recently shown that over-expression of human HSD17B1 in transgenic mice results in masculinized phenotype in female mice. In the present study, we further show that in addition to the Müllerian ducts, HSD17B1TG females have internal structures resembling Wolffian ducts, and enlarged Skene paraurethral gland, also called the female prostate. HSD17B1 expression has been found in fetal human ovary, thus, it is possible that HSD17B1 contributes to maintain the normal steroid hormone concentration during development. Thereby, abnormal increase in the fetal expression of HSD17B1 could contribute to the development of hormonal imbalances, and so result in female masculinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija Saloniemi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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24
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Wang C, Prossnitz ER, Roy SK. G protein-coupled receptor 30 expression is required for estrogen stimulation of primordial follicle formation in the hamster ovary. Endocrinology 2008; 149:4452-61. [PMID: 18499747 PMCID: PMC2553386 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol-17beta (E2) plays an important role in the formation and development of primordial follicles, but the mechanisms remain unclear. G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) can mediate a rapid and transcription-independent E2 signaling in various cells. The objectives of this study were to examine whether GPR30 was expressed in the neonatal hamster ovary and whether it could mediate estrogen action during the formation of primordial follicles. GPR30 mRNA levels decreased from the 13th day of gestation (E13) through the second day of postnatal (P2) life, followed by steady increases from P3 through P6. Consistent with the changes in mRNA levels, GPR30 protein expression decreased from E13 to P2 followed by a significant increase by P7, the day before the first appearance of primordial follicles in the hamster ovary. GPR30 was expressed both in the oocytes and somatic cells, although the expression in the oocytes was low. GPR30 protein was located primarily in the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum, which was also the site of E2-BSA-FITC (E2-BSA-fluorescein isothiocyanate) binding. E2 or E2-BSA increased intracellular calcium in neonatal hamster ovary cells in vitro. Exposure to GPR30 small interfering RNA in vitro significantly reduced GPR30 mRNA and protein levels in cultured hamster ovaries, attenuated E-BSA binding to cultured P6 ovarian cells, and markedly suppressed estrogen-stimulated primordial follicle formation. These results suggest that a membrane estrogen receptor, GPR30, is expressed in the ovary during perinatal development and mediates E2 action on primordial follicle formation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Cells, Cultured
- Cricetinae
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Estradiol/metabolism
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Ovarian Follicle/drug effects
- Ovarian Follicle/growth & development
- Ovarian Follicle/metabolism
- Ovary/drug effects
- Ovary/metabolism
- Ovary/physiology
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-4515, USA
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25
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Törmälä RM, Jääskeläinen M, Lakkakorpi J, Liakka A, Tapanainen JS, Vaskivuo TE. Zona pellucida components are present in human fetal ovary before follicle formation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2008; 289:10-5. [PMID: 18502569 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein matrix surrounding oocytes and early-stage embryos in mammals. To elucidate the roles of the zona pellucida glycoproteins ZP1 and ZP3 and their key regulatory factor FIGLA in human ovarian development and folliculogenesis, their expression and localization was studied in human fetal and adult ovaries. FIGLA mRNA and ZP3 mRNA/protein were localized mainly in the oocytes, and during fetal development their maximal expression was observed around the 20th week, the time of follicle formation. The expression of ZP1 mRNA was low both in fetal and adult ovaries. Present findings demonstrate that ZP3 and FIGLA transcripts are expressed in the oocytes from early ovarian development. The function of ZP proteins during early fetal life is not clear, but the simultaneous expression of FIGLA and ZP3 suggests, that they may have a role in the development of primordial follicle before zona pellucida formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta-Maria Törmälä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu, and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Knapczyk K, Duda M, Szafranska B, Wolsza K, Panasiewicz G, Koziorowski M, Slomczynska M. Immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptors alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) in porcine embryos and fetuses at different stages of gestation. Acta Vet Hung 2008; 56:221-33. [PMID: 18669250 DOI: 10.1556/avet.56.2008.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The sites of oestrogen action can be shown by the localisation of their receptors in the target tissues. The aim of the present study was to show the localisation of oestrogen receptors in porcine embryos and fetuses obtained on days 18, 22, 32, 40, 50, 60, 71 and 90 post coitum (p.c.). The visualisation of proteins was conducted in embryos and various fetal organs such as gonads, uterus, lung, kidney, intestine and adrenal gland. Both ERs were observed in the blastocysts on day 18 p.c. In the male, ERbeta was detected in the testis and epididymis, whereas ERalpha was present in the efferent ductules. In the female, ERbeta was detected in the ovarian stromal cells investing the oocyte nests, while ERalpha protein was detected in the surface epithelium. In the uterus, ERs were present in the stromal cells, while ERbeta was present in the luminal epithelium. In the non-reproductive fetal porcine tissues ERbeta was localised in the lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands and in the umbilical cords. Both ERs were observed in the intestine. It is possible that ERbeta may play important roles in the development of the adrenal gland, testis, kidney and lungs, while both ERs are involved in the development of the ovary, uterus, epididymis and intestine of the porcine fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Knapczyk
- 1 Jagiellonian University Department of Endocrinology and Tissue Culture, Institute of Zoology Ingardena 6 30-060 Krakow Poland
| | - Malgorzata Duda
- 1 Jagiellonian University Department of Endocrinology and Tissue Culture, Institute of Zoology Ingardena 6 30-060 Krakow Poland
| | - Bozena Szafranska
- 2 University of Warmia and Mazury Department of Animal Physiology Olsztyn Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wolsza
- 1 Jagiellonian University Department of Endocrinology and Tissue Culture, Institute of Zoology Ingardena 6 30-060 Krakow Poland
| | - Grzegorz Panasiewicz
- 2 University of Warmia and Mazury Department of Animal Physiology Olsztyn Poland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- 3 University of Rzeszow Department of Physiology and Reproduction of Animals Rzeszow Poland
| | - Maria Slomczynska
- 1 Jagiellonian University Department of Endocrinology and Tissue Culture, Institute of Zoology Ingardena 6 30-060 Krakow Poland
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Bocca SM, Billiar RB, Albrecht ED, Pepe GJ. Oocytes of baboon fetal primordial ovarian follicles express estrogen receptor beta mRNA. Endocrine 2008; 33:254-60. [PMID: 18484193 PMCID: PMC2753385 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-008-9081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In fetal ovaries of estrogen-suppressed baboons, we have previously shown that follicle numbers were 50% lower than in estrogen-replete animals and contained oocytes with a reduced number of microvilli. In the baboon fetal ovary, although estrogen receptor (ER)alpha and beta have been detected by immunocytochemistry in granulosa cells, it is not known whether oocytes express ER. Because the actions of estrogen are mediated by interaction with cell-specific receptors, the current study determined whether ERalpha/beta mRNA were expressed in oocytes of baboon fetal ovaries obtained on day 165 (term = day 184) of gestation. Oocyte nuclei and cytoplasm from primordial follicles were isolated by laser capture microdissection and ERalpha, ERbeta, GATA-4 (granulosa cell specific marker) mRNAs, and 18S rRNA determined by RT-PCR and products verified by sequencing. ERbeta mRNA was expressed in oocytes of 5 of 5 fetuses. In contrast, fetal oocytes did not express ERalpha mRNA. Although 18S rRNA was expressed in all oocytes, GATA-4 mRNA was not detected in oocytes and only detected in granulosa cells confirming purity of oocytes sampled. We conclude that oocytes of the fetal baboon ovary express ERbeta mRNA, thereby providing a mechanism by which estrogen regulates oocyte function, e.g. microvillus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina M. Bocca
- The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501
| | - Reinhart B. Billiar
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501
| | - Eugene D. Albrecht
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, Center for Studies in Reproduction, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Gerald J. Pepe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501
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Montani C, Penza M, Jeremic M, Biasiotto G, La Sala G, De Felici M, Ciana P, Maggi A, Di Lorenzo D. Genistein is an Efficient Estrogen in the Whole-Body throughout Mouse Development. Toxicol Sci 2008; 103:57-67. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Susiarjo M, Hassold TJ, Freeman E, Hunt PA. Bisphenol A exposure in utero disrupts early oogenesis in the mouse. PLoS Genet 2007; 3:e5. [PMID: 17222059 PMCID: PMC1781485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen plays an essential role in the growth and maturation of the mammalian oocyte, and recent studies suggest that it also influences follicle formation in the neonatal ovary. In the course of studies designed to assess the effect of the estrogenic chemical bisphenol A (BPA) on mammalian oogenesis, we uncovered an estrogenic effect at an even earlier stage of oocyte development—at the onset of meiosis in the fetal ovary. Pregnant mice were treated with low, environmentally relevant doses of BPA during mid-gestation to assess the effect of BPA on the developing ovary. Oocytes from exposed female fetuses displayed gross aberrations in meiotic prophase, including synaptic defects and increased levels of recombination. In the mature female, these aberrations were translated into an increase in aneuploid eggs and embryos. Surprisingly, we observed the same constellation of meiotic defects in fetal ovaries of mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of ERβ, one of the two known estrogen receptors. This, coupled with the finding that BPA exposure elicited no additional effects in ERβ null females, suggests that BPA exerts its effect on the early oocyte by interfering with the actions of ERβ. Together, our results show that BPA can influence early meiotic events and, importantly, indicate that the oocyte itself may be directly responsive to estrogen during early oogenesis. This raises concern that brief exposures during fetal development to substances that mimic or antagonize the effects of estrogen may adversely influence oocyte development in the exposed female fetus. The potential effects on reproduction of chemicals with hormone-like activity is a growing concern. One estrogenic chemical, bisphenol A (BPA), has received considerable attention because low-dose exposures have been reported to induce a variety of reproductive effects in rodents. In the course of studies to assess the effects of BPA on the mouse oocyte, we have uncovered a novel “grandmaternal” effect: exposure to BPA during pregnancy disturbs oocyte development in unborn female fetuses. When these fetuses reach adulthood, the perturbations are translated into an increase in chromosomally abnormal eggs and embryos. Thus, low-dose BPA exposure during pregnancy has multigenerational consequences; it increases the likelihood of chromosomally abnormal grandchildren. Our studies also provide mechanistic insight, and, surprisingly, suggest that BPA acts in the fetal ovary not by mimicking the actions of estrogen but by interfering with the function of one of the known estrogen receptors. Thus, our data suggest that estrogen plays a far earlier role in oocyte development than previously suspected and, importantly, raise the possibility that a variety of substances—both synthetic and naturally occurring—that mimic the actions of estrogen or act as estrogen antagonists may affect early oocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Terry J Hassold
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Edward Freeman
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biology, St. John Fisher College, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Patricia A Hunt
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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