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Taha D, Adhikari A, Flore LA. Familial neonatal nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism due to a gain-of-function (D619G) thyrotropin-receptor mutation. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:267-271. [PMID: 33180037 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Activating germline mutations of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) are responsible for a rare form of neonatal nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism (NAH). We report the first case of familial neonatal neonatal nonautoimmune associated with c.1856A>G (p.Asp619Gly) variant in the TSHR gene. CASE PRESENTATION We describe an eight-year-old African-American female presenting with neonatal NAH associated with an inherited heterozygous c.1856A>G (p.Asp619Gly) variant in the TSHR gene. This variant was previously described in one patient presenting with sporadic NAH in adolescence. Our patient was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism in the neonatal period. The mother had a history of hyperthyroidism and had thyroidectomy at the age of 4 years. The patient had goiter and elevated free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels that normalized with methimazole treatment; however, TSH level remained suppressed. Thyroid antibodies were negative. The patient also had bilateral exotropia, a trait shared by the mother and may represent a new association. CONCLUSIONS Familial neonatal NAH is associated with heterozygous c.1856A>G (p.Asp619Gly) variant of the TSHR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Taha
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Amita Adhikari
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Leigh Anne Flore
- Division of Genetic, Metabolic and Genomic Disorders, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
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Guerri G, Bressan S, Sartori M, Costantini A, Benedetti S, Agostini F, Tezzele S, Cecchin S, Scaramuzza A, Bertelli M. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2019; 90:83-86. [PMID: 31577260 PMCID: PMC7233645 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i10-s.8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. It occurs in 1:2000-4000 newborns. Common clinical features include decreased activity and increased sleep, feeding difficulty, constipation, prolonged jaundice, myxedematous facies, large fontanels (especially posterior), macroglossia, distended abdomen with umbilical hernia, and hypotonia. Slow linear growth and developmental delay are usually apparent by 4-6 months of age. Without treatment, congenital hypothyroidism leads to severe intellectual deficit and short stature. Congenital hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine, which can accelerate body metabolism, causing unintentional weight loss and a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Hyperthyroidism is very rare and its prevalence is unknown. Common clinical features include unintentional weight loss, tachycardia, arrhythmia, palpitations, anxiety, tremor and sweating. Here we summarize the genes involved in congenital hypo- and hyperthyroidism and the tests we use for genetic analysis. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Dom G, Frank S, Floor S, Kehagias P, Libert F, Hoang C, Andry G, Spinette A, Craciun L, de Saint Aubin N, Tresallet C, Tissier F, Savagner F, Majjaj S, Gutierrez-Roelens I, Marbaix E, Dumont JE, Maenhaut C. Thyroid follicular adenomas and carcinomas: molecular profiling provides evidence for a continuous evolution. Oncotarget 2018; 9:10343-10359. [PMID: 29535811 PMCID: PMC5828225 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-autonomous thyroid nodules are common in the general population with a proportion found to be cancerous. A current challenge in the field is to be able to distinguish benign adenoma (FA) from preoperatively malignant thyroid follicular carcinoma (FTC), which are very similar both histologically and genetically. One controversial issue, which is currently not understood, is whether both tumor types represent different molecular entities or rather a biological continuum. To gain a better insight into FA and FTC tumorigenesis, we defined their molecular profiles by mRNA and miRNA microarray. Expression data were analyzed, validated by qRT-PCR and compared with previously published data sets. The majority of deregulated mRNAs were common between FA and FTC and were downregulated, however FTC showed additional deregulated mRNA. Both types of tumors share deregulated pathways, molecular functions and biological processes. The additional deregulations in FTC include the lipid transport process that may be involved in tumor progression. The strongest candidate genes which may be able to discriminate follicular adenomas and carcinomas, CRABP1, FABP4 and HMGA2, were validated in independent samples by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. However, they were not able to adequately classify FA or FTC, supporting the notion of continuous evolving tumors, whereby FA and FTC appear to show quantitative rather than qualitative changes. Conversely, miRNA expression profiles showed few dysregulations in FTC, and even fewer in FA, suggesting that miRNA play a minor, if any, role in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Dom
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Frank
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Floor
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pashalina Kehagias
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederick Libert
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Hoang
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Guy Andry
- Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Frederique Tissier
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Ilse Gutierrez-Roelens
- Biolibrary of the King Albert II Institute, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institut de Duve, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- Biolibrary of the King Albert II Institute, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institut de Duve, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques E. Dumont
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO, School of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Nishihara E, Tsugawa M, Ozaki Y, Nagayama Y, Fukata S, Hirokawa M, Ito M, Nishikawa M, Nakamura H, Ito Y, Miyauchi A. Long-Term Follow-Up of a Patient with Sporadic Nonautoimmune Hyperthyroidism Due to a Thyrotropin-Receptor Mutation (D619G). AACE Clin Case Rep 2018. [DOI: 10.4158/ep171919.cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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5
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Oliver-Petit I, Savagner F, Grunenwald S, Vialon M, Edouard T, Caron P. Severe thyrotoxicosis in an infant revealing familial nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism with a novel (C672W) stimulating thyrotropin receptor germline mutation. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:1980-1987. [PMID: 29225840 PMCID: PMC5715599 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe severe thyrotoxicosis in young members of a family with nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism caused by a C672W germline mutation in exon 10 of TSHR gene. In this family, lack of genotype‐phenotype correlation and anticipation across generations could be linked to an increased iodine intake as recently observed in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Oliver-Petit
- Endocrine, Genetics, Bone Diseases, and Paediatric Gynecology Unit Children's Hospital CHU Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Frédérique Savagner
- Biochemistry and Genetic laboratory Federative institute of biology CHU Purpan Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Solange Grunenwald
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Cardio-Vascular and Metabolic Unit CHU Larrey Toulouse France
| | - Magaly Vialon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Cardio-Vascular and Metabolic Unit CHU Larrey Toulouse France
| | - Thomas Edouard
- Endocrine, Genetics, Bone Diseases, and Paediatric Gynecology Unit Children's Hospital CHU Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Philippe Caron
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Cardio-Vascular and Metabolic Unit CHU Larrey Toulouse France
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6
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Kyrilli A, Paternot S, Miot F, Corvilain B, Vassart G, Roger PP, Dumont JE. Commentary: Thyrotropin Stimulates Differentiation Not Proliferation of Normal Human Thyrocytes in Culture. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:214. [PMID: 28890710 PMCID: PMC5575448 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Kyrilli
- IRIBHM, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Françoise Miot
- IRIBHM, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Corvilain
- IRIBHM, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jacques E. Dumont
- IRIBHM, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Jacques E. Dumont,
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7
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Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is a form of thyrotoxicosis in which there is excess thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. Multiple etiologies can lead to a common clinical state of "thyrotoxicosis," which is a consequence of the high thyroid hormone levels and their action on different tissues of the body. The most common cause of thyrotoxicosis is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder in which stimulating thyrotropin receptor antibodies bind to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors on thyroid cells and cause overproduction of thyroid hormones. Other etiologies include: forms of thyroiditis in which inflammation causes release of preformed hormone, following thyroid gland insult that is autoimmune, infectious, mechanical or medication induced; secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin in the setting of transient gestational thyrotoxicosis and trophoblastic tumors; pituitary thyrotropin release, and exposure to extra-thyroidal sources of thyroid hormone that may be endogenous or exogenous. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:67-79, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Systems, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jerome M Hershman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Systems, Los Angeles, California, USA
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8
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Floor SL, Trésallet C, Hébrant A, Desbuleux A, Libert F, Hoang C, Capello M, Andry G, van Staveren WCG, Maenhaut C. microRNA expression in autonomous thyroid adenomas: Correlation with mRNA regulation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 411:1-10. [PMID: 25916957 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify the deregulated miRNA in autonomous adenoma and to correlate the data with mRNA regulation. Seven autonomous adenoma with adjacent healthy thyroid tissues were investigated. Twelve miRNAs were downregulated and one was upregulated in the tumors. Combining bioinformatic mRNA target prediction and microarray data on mRNA regulations allowed to identify mRNA targets of our deregulated miRNAs. A large enrichment in mRNA encoding proteins involved in extracellular matrix organization and different phosphodiesterases were identified among these putative targets. The direct interaction between miR-101-3p and miR-144-3p and PDE4D mRNA was experimentally validated. The global miRNA profiles were not greatly modified, confirming the definition of these tumors as minimal deviation tumors. These results support a role for miRNA in the regulation of extracellular matrix proteins and tissue remodeling occurring during tumor development, and in the important negative feedback of the cAMP pathway, which limits the consequences of its constitutive activation in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien L Floor
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Aline Hébrant
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alice Desbuleux
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédérick Libert
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Hoang
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Capello
- Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Andry
- Institut J. Bordet, 121 Bld de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wilma C G van Staveren
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgique.
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9
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Twyffels L, Strickaert A, Virreira M, Massart C, Van Sande J, Wauquier C, Beauwens R, Dumont JE, Galietta LJ, Boom A, Kruys V. Anoctamin-1/TMEM16A is the major apical iodide channel of the thyrocyte. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C1102-12. [PMID: 25298423 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00126.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodide is captured by thyrocytes through the Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) before being released into the follicular lumen, where it is oxidized and incorporated into thyroglobulin for the production of thyroid hormones. Several reports point to pendrin as a candidate protein for iodide export from thyroid cells into the follicular lumen. Here, we show that a recently discovered Ca(2+)-activated anion channel, TMEM16A or anoctamin-1 (ANO1), also exports iodide from rat thyroid cell lines and from HEK 293T cells expressing human NIS and ANO1. The Ano1 mRNA is expressed in PCCl3 and FRTL-5 rat thyroid cell lines, and this expression is stimulated by thyrotropin (TSH) in rat in vivo, leading to the accumulation of the ANO1 protein at the apical membrane of thyroid follicles. Moreover, ANO1 properties, i.e., activation by intracellular calcium (i.e., by ionomycin or by ATP), low but positive affinity for pertechnetate, and nonrequirement for chloride, better fit with the iodide release characteristics of PCCl3 and FRTL-5 rat thyroid cell lines than the dissimilar properties of pendrin. Most importantly, iodide release by PCCl3 and FRTL-5 cells is efficiently blocked by T16Ainh-A01, an ANO1-specific inhibitor, and upon ANO1 knockdown by RNA interference. Finally, we show that the T16Ainh-A01 inhibitor efficiently blocks ATP-induced iodide efflux from in vitro-cultured human thyrocytes. In conclusion, our data strongly suggest that ANO1 is responsible for most of the iodide efflux across the apical membrane of thyroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Twyffels
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Strickaert
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Virreira
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Massart
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Van Sande
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Wauquier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Beauwens
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J E Dumont
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium;
| | - L J Galietta
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Boom
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Laboratoire d'Histologie, Histopathologie et Neuroanatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; and
| | - V Kruys
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Abstract
Color Doppler Ultrasounds (CDU) and Thyroid Scanning (TS) have much improved in recent years and offer a likely diagnosis of the disorder and its main subtypes. This especially applies when diagnosing permanent or transient causes of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), where dual imaging has proven to be more informative than single scanning. Though both isotopes have acceptable performances, the use of (123)I appears more advisable, since it more accurately identifies the various aetiologies of CH and probably has better dosimetric characteristics than (99m)Tc. Detailed dual imaging patterns are presented in connection with most of the underlying mechanisms explaining CH, thyroid dysgenesis (75%) and dyshormonogenesis (20%). Imaging of thyroid autoimmunity, of immunogenic thyrotoxicosis and of thyroid autonomy, is helped by CDU but most often requires a quantified (123)I-TS (molecular imaging). We finally show the interest of CDU to sort suspicious nodule and present the new TIRADS scoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Clerc
- Université Paris Descartes and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cochin Hospital, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France.
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11
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A gene expression signature distinguishes normal tissues of sporadic and radiation-induced papillary thyroid carcinomas. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:994-1000. [PMID: 22828612 PMCID: PMC3464765 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) incidence increased dramatically in children after the Chernobyl accident, providing a unique opportunity to investigate the molecular features of radiation-induced thyroid cancer. In contrast to the previous studies that included age-related confounding factors, we investigated mRNA expression in PTC and in the normal contralateral tissues of patients exposed and non-exposed to the Chernobyl fallout, using age- and ethnicity-matched non-irradiated cohorts. Methods: Forty-five patients were analysed by full-genome mRNA microarrays. Twenty-two patients have been exposed to the Chernobyl fallout; 23 others were age-matched and resident in the same regions of Ukraine, but were born after 1 March 1987, that is, were not exposed to 131I. Results: A gene expression signature of 793 probes corresponding to 403 genes that permitted differentiation between normal tissues from patients exposed and from those who were not exposed to radiation was identified. The differences were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Many deregulated pathways in the exposed normal tissues are related to cell proliferation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a higher proliferation rate in normal thyroid could be related to radiation-induced cancer either as a predisposition or as a consequence of radiation. The signature allows the identification of radiation-induced thyroid cancers.
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12
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Lueblinghoff J, Eszlinger M, Jaeschke H, Mueller S, Bircan R, Gozu H, Sancak S, Akalin S, Paschke R. Shared sporadic and somatic thyrotropin receptor mutations display more active in vitro activities than familial thyrotropin receptor mutations. Thyroid 2011; 21:221-9. [PMID: 21190443 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2010.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) mutations are associated with sporadic congenital nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism and familial nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism. Somatic TSHR mutations are associated with toxic thyroid nodules (TTNs). The objective of the study was to define a relation of the clinical appearance and the in vitro activity (IVA) of the TSHR mutations described by several authors for these thyroid disorders. METHODS We analyzed the IVAs published as linear regression analysis (LRA) of the constitutive activity as a function of the TSHR expression and the basal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) values to determine differences between exclusively somatic, exclusively familial, and shared sporadic and somatic TSHR-mutations. Further, we investigated correlations of the LRAs/basal cAMP values with clinical activity characteristics (CACs) of TTNs, such as largest diameter of the TTN and the age of the patient at thyroid surgery. RESULTS Shared sporadic and somatic mutations showed higher median LRA (14.5) and higher median basal cAMP values (fivefold) than exclusively familial mutations (6.1, p = 0.0002; 2.9-fold, p < 0.0001, respectively). Moreover, mutations shared between sporadic congenital nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism and toxic thyroid nodules (TTNs) showed higher median LRA/basal cAMP values (p < 0.0001) than exclusively somatic mutations in TTNs (5.1; 3.89-fold, respectively). Exclusively somatic mutations and exclusively familial mutations showed no significant difference in their median LRA values (p = 0.786) but a significant difference for basal cAMP values (p = 0.0006). The two examined CACs showed no correlation with the IVA characterized by LRA/basal cAMP values or with the presence or absence of a TSHR-mutation. CONCLUSIONS This systematic analysis of published constitutively activating TSHR-mutations, their CACs, and their IVA provides evidence for higher IVA of shared sporadic and somatic TSHR mutations as compared with familial TSHR mutations. CACs of somatic TSHR mutations in TTNs did not have a clear association with the IVA as characterized by LRA or basal cAMP values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lueblinghoff
- Division for Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Hébrant A, van Staveren WCG, Maenhaut C, Dumont JE, Leclère J. Genetic hyperthyroidism: hyperthyroidism due to activating TSHR mutations. Eur J Endocrinol 2011; 164:1-9. [PMID: 20926595 DOI: 10.1530/eje-10-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Three syndromes affecting the thyroid gland are described in the literature separately: familial nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism, sporadic congenital nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism, and autonomous adenomas. Recent studies have shown that these three syndromes are caused by similar activating mutations of the TSH receptor gene (TSHR), and that the consequences of these mutations on the physiology and gene expression of the thyroid are qualitatively, but not quantitatively, similar. The three syndromes and two suggested unrecognized variants are in fact facets of the same disease, genetic hyperthyroidism due to TSHR mutations, the expression of which depends on the intensity of activation, its timing, and on the number of affected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hébrant
- School of Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Twyffels L, Massart C, Golstein PE, Raspe E, Van Sande J, Dumont JE, Beauwens R, Kruys V. Pendrin: the Thyrocyte Apical Membrane Iodide Transporter? Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:491-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000335110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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15
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Abu-Khudir R, Paquette J, Lefort A, Libert F, Chanoine JP, Vassart G, Deladoëy J. Transcriptome, methylome and genomic variations analysis of ectopic thyroid glands. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13420. [PMID: 20976176 PMCID: PMC2955549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital hypothyroidism from thyroid dysgenesis (CHTD) is predominantly a sporadic disease characterized by defects in the differentiation, migration or growth of thyroid tissue. Of these defects, incomplete migration resulting in ectopic thyroid tissue is the most common (up to 80%). Germinal mutations in the thyroid-related transcription factors NKX2.1, FOXE1, PAX-8, and NKX2.5 have been identified in only 3% of patients with sporadic CHTD. Moreover, a survey of monozygotic twins yielded a discordance rate of 92%, suggesting that somatic events, genetic or epigenetic, probably play an important role in the etiology of CHTD. Methodology/Principal Findings To assess the role of somatic genetic or epigenetic processes in CHTD, we analyzed gene expression, genome-wide methylation, and structural genome variations in normal versus ectopic thyroid tissue. In total, 1011 genes were more than two-fold induced or repressed. Expression array was validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR for 100 genes. After correction for differences in thyroid activation state, 19 genes were exclusively associated with thyroid ectopy, among which genes involved in embryonic development (e.g. TXNIP) and in the Wnt pathway (e.g. SFRP2 and FRZB) were observed. None of the thyroid related transcription factors (FOXE1, HHEX, NKX2.1, NKX2.5) showed decreased expression, whereas PAX8 expression was associated with thyroid activation state. Finally, the expression profile was independent of promoter and CpG island methylation and of structural genome variations. Conclusions/Significance This is the first integrative molecular analysis of ectopic thyroid tissue. Ectopic thyroids show a differential gene expression compared to that of normal thyroids, although molecular basis could not be defined. Replication of this pilot study on a larger cohort could lead to unraveling the elusive cause of defective thyroid migration during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology Service and Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Roger PP, van Staveren WCG, Coulonval K, Dumont JE, Maenhaut C. Signal transduction in the human thyrocyte and its perversion in thyroid tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 321:3-19. [PMID: 19962425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study of normal signal transduction pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation of a cell type allows to predict and to understand the perversions of these pathways which lead to tumorigenesis. In the case of the human thyroid cell, three cascades are mostly involved in tumorigenesis: The pathways and genetic events affecting them are described. Caveats in the use of models and the interpretation of results are formulated and the still pending questions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre P Roger
- I.R.I.B.H.M., Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B - 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
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