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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize advances in the genetics underlying variation in normal pubertal timing, precocious puberty, and delayed puberty, and to discuss mechanisms by which genes may regulate pubertal timing. RECENT FINDINGS Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of loci that affect pubertal timing in the general population in both sexes and across ethnic groups. Single genes have been implicated in both precocious and delayed puberty. Potential mechanisms for how these genetic loci influence pubertal timing may include effects on the development and function of the GnRH neuronal network and the responsiveness of end-organs. SUMMARY There has been significant progress in identifying genetic loci that affect normal pubertal timing, and the first single-gene causes of precocious and delayed puberty are being described. How these genes influence pubertal timing remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
| | - Temitope O Kusa
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yee-Ming Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital.,Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Su Y, Kong GL, Su YL, Zhou Y, Lv LF, Wang Q, Huang BP, Zheng RZ, Li QZ, Yuan HJ, Zhao ZG. Association of gene polymorphisms in ABO blood group chromosomal regions and menstrual disorders. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:2325-2330. [PMID: 26136981 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located near the gene of the ABO blood group play an important role in the genetic aetiology of menstrual disorders (MDs). Polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction technology was used to detect eight SNPs near the ABO gene location on the chromosomes in 250 cases of MD and 250 cases of normal menstruation. The differences in the distribution of each genotype, as well as the allele frequency in the normal and control groups, were analysed using Pearson's χ2 test to search for disease-associated loci. SHEsis software was used to analyse the linkage disequilibrium and haplotype frequencies and to inspect the correlation between haplotypes and the disease. Compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited statistically significant differences in the genotype distribution frequencies of the rs657152 locus of the ABO blood group gene and the rs17250673 locus of the tumour necrosis factor cofactor 2 (TRAF2) gene, which is located downstream of the ABO gene. The allele distribution frequencies of rs657152 and rs495828 loci in the ABO blood group gene exhibited significant differences between the groups. Dominant and recessive genetic model analysis of each locus revealed that the experimental group exhibited statistically significant differences from the control group in the genotype distribution frequencies of rs657152 and rs495828 loci, respectively. These results indicate that the ABO blood group gene and TRAF2 gene may be a cause of MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Su
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Province People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Lian Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Province People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Li Su
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Province People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Province People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Fang Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Province People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Province People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Ping Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Province People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Zhi Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Province People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Zhong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Province People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Province People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Province People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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