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Alhambra-Expósito MR, Ibáñez-Costa A, Moreno-Moreno P, Rivero-Cortés E, Vázquez-Borrego MC, Blanco-Acevedo C, Toledano-Delgado Á, Lombardo-Galera MS, Vallejo-Casas JA, Gahete MD, Castaño JP, Gálvez MA, Luque RM. Association between radiological parameters and clinical and molecular characteristics in human somatotropinomas. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6173. [PMID: 29670116 PMCID: PMC5906631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acromegaly is a rare but severe disease, originated in 95% of cases by a growth hormone-secreting adenoma (somatotropinoma) in the pituitary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technique used for the diagnosis and prognosis of pituitary tumours. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of T2-weighted signal intensity at MRI could help to improve the characterisation of somatotropinomas, by analysing its relationship with clinical/molecular features. An observational study was implemented in a cohort of 22 patients (mean age = 42.1 ± 17.2 years; 59% women; 95% size>10 mm). Suprasellar-extended somatotropinomas presented larger diameters vs. non-extended tumours. T2-imaging revealed that 59% of tumours were hyperintense and 41% isointense adenomas, wherein hyperintense were more invasive (according to Knosp-score) than isointense adenomas. A higher proportion of hyperintense somatotropinomas presented extrasellar-growth, suprasellar-growth and invasion of the cavernous sinus compared to isointense adenomas. Interestingly, somatostatin receptor-3 and dopamine receptor-5 (DRD5) expression levels were associated with extrasellar and/or suprasellar extension. Additionally, DRD5 was also higher in hyperintense adenomas and its expression was directly correlated with Knosp-score and with tumour diameter. Hence, T2-weighted MRI on somatotropinomas represents a potential tool to refine their diagnosis and prognosis, and could support the election of preoperative treatment, when required.
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Affiliation(s)
- María R Alhambra-Expósito
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, HURS, Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Paloma Moreno-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, HURS, Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Esther Rivero-Cortés
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Mari C Vázquez-Borrego
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Blanco-Acevedo
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Service of Neurosurgery, HURS, Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Álvaro Toledano-Delgado
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Service of Neurosurgery, HURS, Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain. .,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain. .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain. .,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.
| | - María A Gálvez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain. .,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain. .,Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, HURS, Córdoba, 14004, Spain.
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain. .,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain. .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain. .,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.
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Abstract
Morbidity and mortality rates in patients with active acromegaly are higher than the general population. Adequate biochemical control restores mortality to normal rates. Now, medical therapy has an increasingly important role in the treatment of patients with acromegaly. Somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) are considered the standard medical therapy, either after surgery or as a first-line therapy when surgery is deemed ineffective or is contraindicated. Overall, octreotide and lanreotide are first-generation SRLs and are effective in ~20%-70% of patients. Pegvisomant, a growth hormone receptor antagonist, controls insulin-like growth factor 1 in 65%-90% of cases. Consequently, a subset of patients (nonresponders) requires other treatment options. Drug combination therapy offers the potential for more efficacious disease control. However, the development of new medical therapies remains essential. Here, emphasis is placed on new medical therapies to control acromegaly. There is a focus on pasireotide long-acting release (LAR) (Signifor LAR®), which was approved in 2014 by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency for the treatment of acromegaly. Pasireotide LAR is a long-acting somatostatin multireceptor ligand. In a Phase III clinical trial in patients with acromegaly (naïve to medical therapy or uncontrolled on a maximum dose of first-generation SRLs), 40 and 60 mg of intramuscular pasireotide LAR achieved better biochemical disease control than octreotide LAR, and tumor shrinkage was noted in both pasireotide groups. Pasireotide LAR tolerability was similar to other SRLs, except for a greater frequency and degree of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. Baseline glucose may predict hyperglycemia occurrence after treatment, and careful monitoring of glycemic status and appropriate treatment is required. A precise definition of patients with acromegaly who will derive the greatest therapeutic benefit from pasireotide LAR remains to be established. Lastly, novel therapies and new potential delivery modalities (oral octreotide) are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cuevas-Ramos
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Neuroendocrinology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Fleseriu
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwest Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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