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Mazoni L, Matrone A, Apicella M, Saponaro F, Borsari S, Pardi E, Cosci B, Biagioni I, Rossi P, Pacciardi F, Scionti A, Elisei R, Marcocci C, Cetani F. Renal complications and quality of life in postsurgical hypoparathyroidism: a case-control study. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:573-582. [PMID: 34637114 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional therapy (calcium and activated vitamin D) does not restore calcium homeostasis in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) and is associated with renal complications and reduced quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to evaluate in a case-control, cross-sectional study, the rate of renal complications and QoL in two sex- and age-matched cohort of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with (n = 89) and without (n = 89) chronic post-operative HypoPT (PoHypoPT) and their relationship with the biochemical control of the disease. METHODS Serum and urinary parameters, renal ultrasound and QoL were assessed by SF-36 and WHO-5 questionnaires. RESULTS Forty-three (48.3%) PoHypoPT patients reported symptoms of hypocalcemia. Twenty-six (29.2%) patients were at target for all 6 parameters, 46 (51.6%) for 5. The most frequently unmet targets were gender-specific 24-h urinary calcium (44.9%) and serum calcium (37.1%). Serum phosphate, magnesium and 25(OH)D were in the normal range in > 90% of patients. Renal calcifications were found in 26 (29.2%) patients, with no correlation with 24-h urinary calcium. eGFR did not differ between patients and controls. Conversely, patients had a significant higher rate of renal calcifications and a lower SF-36, but not WHO-5, scores. SF-36 scores did not differ between PoHypoPT patients who were, or not, hypocalcemic. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the rate of renal calcifications was higher in patients with PoHypoPT than in those without. This finding, together with the reduced QoL and the presence of hypocalcemic symptoms in about half patients, underscores that the treatment of chronic HypoPT with conventional therapy is suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mazoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Matrone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Apicella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Saponaro
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Borsari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Pardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - B Cosci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Biagioni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Rossi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Pacciardi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Scionti
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Elisei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Cetani
- Endocrine Unit 2, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Roszko KL, Hu TY, Guthrie LC, Brillante BA, Smith M, Collins MT, Gafni RI. PTH 1-34 Replacement Therapy Has Minimal Effect on Quality of Life in Patients With Hypoparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:68-77. [PMID: 34585778 PMCID: PMC8770554 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In addition to hypocalcemia, patients with hypoparathyroidism report poor quality of life (QOL), complaining of fatigue and "brain fog." Parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy can effectively manage hypocalcemia; however, the effects of PTH treatment on QOL are unclear. Thirty-one patients with hypoparathyroidism were treated in an open-label study with full replacement subcutaneous PTH 1-34 twice daily for up to 5.3 years, with individualized fine-dosing titration. Prior to initiation of PTH 1-34, conventional therapy was optimized. The 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey, Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI), and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were assessed at PTH start (baseline), every 6 months on PTH, and after PTH discontinuation. The SF-36 assesses physical function (PF), physical role limitations (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), emotional role limitations (RE), social function (SF), and mental health (MH). Compared to population norms, patients at baseline had lower scores in RP, GH, VT, and MH (p < 0.05), consistent with impaired QOL. With PTH therapy, only GH at 6 months and VT at 12 months improved (p < 0.05). At the last treatment time point, RP, VT, and SF improved compared to baseline (p < 0.05). However, follow-up scores were unchanged from baseline or last PTH treatment, except for SF, which had decreased at follow-up compared to on-PTH (p < 0.05). On the FSI, there were no changes in fatigue frequency; perceived interference was improved at 12 and 18 months and composite severity was improved only at 60 months (p < 0.05). The 6MWT measures did not change. In conclusion, hypoparathyroidism is associated with decreased QOL. Despite the bias in open-label studies to predict improvements in QOL, PTH therapy had limited and non-sustained effects on QOL, inconclusive changes in fatigue experience, and no change in the 6MWT. Although PTH 1-34 can adequately manage the hypocalcemia in hypoparathyroidism, its effects on QOL appear to be minimal. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Roszko
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany Y Hu
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lori C Guthrie
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beth A Brillante
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michaele Smith
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael T Collins
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel I Gafni
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Brod M, McLeod L, Markova D, Gianettoni J, Mourya S, Lin Z, Shu A, Smith A. Psychometric validation of the Hypoparathyroidism Patient Experience Scales (HPES). J Patient Rep Outcomes 2021; 5:70. [PMID: 34374868 PMCID: PMC8355305 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-021-00320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoparathyroidism (HP) is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by absent or inappropriately low levels of circulating parathyroid hormone with associated significant physical and cognitive symptoms. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Hypoparathyroidism Patient Experience Scales (HPES), which were developed as disease-specific, patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures to assess the symptoms and impacts associated with HP in adults. METHODS Data from a non-interventional, observational study (N = 300) and a Phase 2 clinical trial (N = 59) were used in the psychometric evaluation. Observational and trial assessments included: an online validation battery (baseline or screening) and retest (approximately 2 weeks after baseline or screening). In the trial, the primary efficacy endpoint was assessed at week 4 through re-administration of the HPES and validation battery subset. The observational study's larger sample size allowed for evaluation of the HPES descriptive properties, scoring algorithm, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. The trial data examined responsiveness, meaningful within-patient change estimates, and treatment impact on HPES scores. RESULTS Demographic and self-reported medical characteristics results were similar across the 2 studies. Factor analysis confirmed domains in the HPES-Symptom (n = 2) and HPES-Impact (n = 4). For both measures, total and domain scores demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity for both the observational and trial samples. Internal consistency evidence was strong. Test-retest reliability estimates generally approached the recommended 0.70 threshold. The construct validity correlations with other PRO measures were mainly as hypothesized, thus supporting the HPES scores and constructs. Mean scores for both measures also differed as anticipated and significantly across known-groups, thus providing evidence for the scores discriminating between meaningful groups. Trial results supported both HPES total and domain scores' ability to detect change. The difference in mean total and domain scores for both measures demonstrated statistically significant improvements for TransCon PTH compared to placebo treated subjects despite the small sample and a short 4-week duration on fixed, non-optimized doses. CONCLUSIONS The HPES were found to be conceptually sound with adequate evidence supporting their reliability and validity. Incorporation of the HPES into clinical and research settings will help to further elucidate and assess the patient experience of living with HP and identify treatment differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl Brod
- The Brod Group, 219 Julia Ave, CA, 94941, Mill Valley, USA.
| | - Lori McLeod
- RTI Health Solutions (RTI International), 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Denka Markova
- Ascendis Pharma, 500 Emerson Street, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Jill Gianettoni
- Ascendis Pharma, 500 Emerson Street, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Sanchita Mourya
- Ascendis Pharma, 500 Emerson Street, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Zhengning Lin
- Ascendis Pharma, 500 Emerson Street, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Aimee Shu
- Ascendis Pharma, 500 Emerson Street, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Alden Smith
- Ascendis Pharma, 500 Emerson Street, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
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Winer KK, Ye S, Ferré EMN, Schmitt MM, Zhang B, Cutler GB, Lionakis MS. Therapy with PTH 1-34 or calcitriol and calcium in diverse etiologies of hypoparathyroidism over 27 years at a single tertiary care center. Bone 2021; 149:115977. [PMID: 33932619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoparathyroidism has heterogeneous genetic and acquired etiologies with a broad spectrum of severity. Herein we describe the clinical outcomes of the largest cohort of hypoparathyroid patients reported to date, who were followed over 27-years. DESIGN Pooled analysis of current and past studies describing the differential responses to PTH 1-34 injections vs conventional therapy among the varied hypoPT etiologies. METHODS 192 participants (ages 2-74 years) with hypoparathyroidism who received either calcitriol and calcium or PTH 1-34 by subcutaneous injection. RESULTS Among the 4 main etiologic categories of hypoparathyroidism (autoimmune polyglandular failure type 1, activating mutation of the calcium receptor, surgical, and idiopathic hypoparathyroidism), we reveal significant differences in PTH 1-34 dose requirements, prevalence of nephrocalcinosis, biomarkers of mineral homeostasis, and pharmacodynamic profiles. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased significantly (P < 0.001) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels decreased during PTH 1-34 injections compared to calcitriol therapy (P < 0.01). Post-surgical patients achieved consistently lower urine calcium excretion over long-term PTH 1-34 therapy compared to conventional therapy (p < 0.001), but this was not achieved in the other etiologies. At study entry, patients had a high prevalence of renal insufficiency and nephrocalcinosis which were directly related to the duration of hypoparathyroidism (P < 0.03). Renal function remained stable during participation in our studies for both PTH 1-34 and conventional therapies. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the effects and dose-response of PTH 1-34 treatment differ according to the etiology of hypoparathyroidism. Postsurgical hypoPT maintained mean serum calcium levels in the mid- to low-normal range while concurrently maintaining normal mean urine calcium during long-term twice-daily PTH 1-34 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K Winer
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Shangyuan Ye
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elise M N Ferré
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica M Schmitt
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gordon B Cutler
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Jørgensen CU, Homøe P, Dahl M, Hitz MF. Postoperative Chronic Hypoparathyroidism and Quality of Life After Total Thyroidectomy. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10479. [PMID: 33869995 PMCID: PMC8046100 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is a common complication after total thyroidectomy and it impacts affected patients' quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to assess the QoL in patients with chronic HypoPT independently from their concurrent hypothyroidism and other comorbidities. For this purpose a follow‐up study was performed, including 14 patients who developed chronic HypoPT after total thyroidectomy and 28 age‐ and sex‐matched patients who had intact parathyroid function after total thyroidectomy. We used the RAND Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36) to compare the QoL between patients with or without chronic HypoPT. Chronic HypoPT patients had lower QoL scores in all domains of the RAND‐SF‐36 questionnaire and significant impairment in six of eight domains after adjustment for relevant confounders. They were more often operated because of a toxic diagnosis (p = .01), often being Graves disease. Additionally adjusting for surgical indications resulted in three of eight domains being significant affected. Chronic HypoPT is associated with significantly impairment of QoL, independently of the concurrent disease of hypothyroidism, comorbidities, and prospective values of TSH and serum (se)‐ionized‐Ca++. There is a need for more focus and better treatment of patients experiencing chronic HypoPT after surgery. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Uhre Jørgensen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery Zealand University Hospital (ZUH) Køge Denmark.,Department of Medical Endocrinology Zealand University Hospital (ZUH) Køge Denmark
| | - Preben Homøe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery Zealand University Hospital (ZUH) Køge Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Morten Dahl
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry Zealand University Hospital (ZUH) Køge Denmark
| | - Mette Friberg Hitz
- Department of Medical Endocrinology Zealand University Hospital (ZUH) Køge Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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6
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Anaforoglu I, Sancak S, Akbas EM, Oruk GG, Canat M, Tezcan KA, Uc ZA, Gorar S, Duman GC, Yaylali GF, Yılmaz M, Bilir BE, Bozoglan H, Akbaba G, Tuna MM, Akcay S, Tuzun D, Bagir GS, Haydardedeoglu FE, Elbuken G, Yorulmaz G, Celik O, Topbas M. Effects of Treatment Adherence on Quality of Life in Hypoparathyroid Patients. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2021; 129:918-925. [PMID: 33694151 DOI: 10.1055/a-1400-2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the current situation of hypoparathyroid patients and to investigate the relationship between treatment adherence and quality of life. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, multicentre study. METHODS Adult patients presenting with the diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism to 20 different endocrinology clinics were included. They were receiving conventional therapies for hypoparathyroidism, using calcium, active vitamin D, and magnesium. We collected data on demographic features, disease- and treatment-related information, and results of routine laboratory tests, treatment adherence, and presence of complications. Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Short Form-36 quality of life assessments were administered. RESULTS Among the 300 patients studied, 60.7% were adherent to their treatment, and 34.1% had complications. Anxiety and depression scores were significantly higher in non-adherent versus treatment-adherent patients (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Most of the domains of quality-of-life scores were also significantly lower in non-adherent patients. Both anxiety and depression scores showed significant, negative correlations with serum calcium and magnesium concentrations (r=-0.336, p<0.001 and r=-0.258, p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Nearly 40% of the patients were non-adherent to conventional treatment for hypoparathyroidism, and such patients had higher anxiety and depression scores and poorer quality of life scores. Conventional treatment might not be sufficient to meet the needs of patients with hypoparathyroidism. In addition to seeking new therapeutic options, factors influencing quality of life should also be investigated and strategies to improve treatment adherence should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inan Anaforoglu
- Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Sancak
- University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emin Murat Akbas
- Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Guzide Gonca Oruk
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Masum Canat
- Health Sciences University Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Aydın Tezcan
- Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ziynet Alphan Uc
- Usak Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Usak, Turkey
| | - Suheyla Gorar
- Health Sciences University, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gulhan Cavlak Duman
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Health Services Practice and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Adana, Turkey
| | - Guzin Fidan Yaylali
- Pamukkale University Hospitals, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Merve Yılmaz
- Samsun Gazi State Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Betul Ekiz Bilir
- Tekirdag State Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Humeyra Bozoglan
- Giresun University Prof. Dr. A. Ilhan Ozdemir Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Gulhan Akbaba
- Mugla Sitki Kocman University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Mazhar Muslum Tuna
- Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seckin Akcay
- Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Tuzun
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Health Practice and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Gulay Simsek Bagir
- Baskent University Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Practice and Research Center, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Adana, Turkey
| | - Filiz Eksi Haydardedeoglu
- Baskent University Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Practice and Research Center, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Elbuken
- Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Clinic
| | - Goknur Yorulmaz
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Health, Practice and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Celik
- Mehmet Ali Aydınlar Acıbadem University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology Clinic, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Topbas
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Trabzon, Turkey
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Li D, Guo B, Liang Q, Liu Y, Zhang L, Hu N, Zhang X, Yang F, Ruan C. Tissue-engineered parathyroid gland and its regulatory secretion of parathyroid hormone. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1363-1377. [PMID: 32511868 DOI: 10.1002/term.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid glands (PTGs) are important endocrine organs being mainly responsible for the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to regulate the balance of calcium (Ca) /phosphorus (P) ions in the body. Once PTGs get injured or removed, their resulting defect or loss of PTH secretion should disturb the level of Ca/P in blood, thus damaging other related organs (bone, kidney, etc.) and even causing death. Recently, tissue-engineered PTGs (TE-PTGs) have attracted lots of attention as a potential treatment for the related diseases of PTGs caused by hypoparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism, including tetany, muscle cramp, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and osteoporosis. Although great progress has been made in the establishment of TE-PTGs with an effective strategy to integrate the key factors of cells and biomaterials, its regulatory secretion of PTH to mimic its natural rhythms in the body remains a huge challenge. This review comprehensively describes an overview of PTGs from physiology and pathology to cytobiology and tissue engineering. The state of the arts in TE-PTGs and the feasible strategies to regulate PTH secretion behaviors are highlighted to provide an important foundation for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Li
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Renal Diseases, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Qingfei Liang
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Renal Diseases, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Renal Diseases, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Changshun Ruan
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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8
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by low or insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations leading to hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and markedly reduced bone turnover. Despite being a rare disease, hypoparathyroidism has a profound impact on affected patients. RECENT FINDINGS Recent epidemiologic surveys demonstrate a prevalence of between 5.3 and 40/100 000, confirming the orphan status of this disease. There is a female predominance, and anterior neck surgery is the most common etiology. Recent studies have better elucidated the chronic manifestations of the disease, impacting quality of life and multiple organ systems including the renal, cardiovascular, and skeletal systems. There are now data on longer term use of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH analogs. SUMMARY This review focuses on recent contributions to the literature on the prevalence and epidemiology of the disease, risk of chronic manifestations, and treatment with PTH(1-34) and rhPTH(1-84). Further research is needed to determine the pathophysiology of complications in hypoparathyroidism and whether interventions can decrease future risk of these complications. In addition, further data are needed with regards to more physiologic dosing regimens and long-term treatment with PTH and PTH analogs.
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9
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Risk of Permanent Hypoparathyroidism After Total Thyroidectomy for Benign Disease: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study From Sweden. Ann Surg 2020; 274:e1202-e1208. [PMID: 32032086 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy for benign disease in a population-based setting with data independent of input of complication data. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The reported rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism is highly variable and mostly rely on reported complication data from national or institutional registries. METHODS All patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in Sweden from 2005 to 2015 were identified through Scandinavian Quality Register for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Surgery and the Swedish National Patient Register. Patients were matched to outcome data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Permanent hypoparathyroidism was defined as treatment with calcium and/or active vitamin D more than 1 year after surgery. RESULTS Seven thousand eight hundred fifty-two patients were included and 938 (12.5%) developed permanent hypoparathyroidism. The risk was lower in patients registered in the quality register (11.0% vs 16%, P < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis there was a higher risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism in patients with parathyroid autotransplantation [Odds ratio (OR) 1.72; 95% confidence interval 1.47-2.01], center-volume <100 thyroidectomies per year (OR 1.22; 1.03-1.44), age above 60 year (OR 1.64; 1.36-1.98) and female sex (OR 1.27; 1.05-1.54). Reported data from the quality register only identified 178 of all 938 patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism. CONCLUSION The risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy was high and associated with parathyroid autotransplantation, higher age, female sex and surgery at a low volume center. Reported follow-up data might underestimate the rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism.
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10
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Abstract
Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder where deficiency (or lack of effect) of parathyroid hormone results in disordered mineral metabolism leading to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Many patients with this disorder have physical, emotional and cognitive complaints suggestive of impaired quality of life (QOL). Several recent studies have demonstrated that hypoparathyroid patients treated with calcium and vitamin D (conventional therapy) have reduced QOL compared to either suitable controls or general population. QOL has also been studied during treatment with PTH1-84, which has been FDA approved in the USA as an adjunct to calcium and vitamin D in patients not adequately controlled on conventional therapy. In open label studies, PTH therapy has resulted in dramatic improvements in SF-36 scores. In placebo-controlled, double-blinded studies the effect of PTH on QOL has been less striking. In one such study there was no improvement, possibly due to high incidence of hypercalcemia in the PTH-treated group. In contrast, in the pivotal trial leading to PTH1-84 approval, were hypercalcemia was less common, SF36 scores improved in the PTH-treated but not in the placebo group although between-group differences were not statistically significant. In the same study, patients who started with lower baseline QOL scores had greater improvements, suggesting that patients with poor wellbeing may be particularly suitable for this new therapy. In the future, it will be necessary to develop disease specific instruments to better define the nature of QOL impairments in this disease. In addition, further studies should focus on the possible relationship between biochemical variables and QOL parameters during treatment with different regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vokes
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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