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Ferré A, Chauvigné F, Gozdowska M, Kulczykowska E, Finn RN, Cerdà J. Neurohypophysial and paracrine vasopressinergic signaling regulates aquaporin trafficking to hydrate marine teleost oocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1222724. [PMID: 37635977 PMCID: PMC10454913 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1222724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The dual aquaporin (Aqp1ab1/Aqp1ab2)-mediated hydration of marine teleost eggs, which occurs during oocyte meiosis resumption (maturation), is considered a key adaptation underpinning their evolutionary success in the oceans. However, the endocrine signals controlling this mechanism are almost unknown. Here, we investigated whether the nonapeptides arginine vasopressin (Avp, formerly vasotocin) and oxytocin (Oxt, formerly isotocin) are involved in marine teleost oocyte hydration using the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) as a model. We show that concomitant with an increased systemic production of Avp and Oxt, the nonapeptides are also produced and accumulated locally in the ovarian follicles during oocyte maturation and hydration. Functional characterization of representative Avp and Oxt receptor subtypes indicates that Avpr1aa and Oxtrb, expressed in the postvitellogenic oocyte, activate phospholipase C and protein kinase C pathways, while Avpr2aa, which is highly expressed in the oocyte and in the follicular theca and granulosa cells, activates the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) cascade. Using ex vivo, in vitro and mutagenesis approaches, we determined that Avpr2aa plays a major role in the PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the aquaporin subdomains driving membrane insertion of Aqp1ab2 in the theca and granulosa cells, and of Aqp1ab1 and Aqp1ab2 in the distal and proximal regions of the oocyte microvilli, respectively. The data further indicate that luteinizing hormone, which surges during oocyte maturation, induces the synthesis of Avp in the granulosa cells via progestin production and the nuclear progestin receptor. Collectively, our data suggest that both the neurohypophysial and paracrine vasopressinergic systems integrate to differentially regulate the trafficking of the Aqp1ab-type paralogs via a common Avp-Avpr2aa-PKA pathway to avoid competitive occupancy of the same plasma membrane space and maximize water influx during oocyte hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ferré
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA)-Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - François Chauvigné
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gozdowska
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
| | - Ewa Kulczykowska
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
| | - Roderick Nigel Finn
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA)-Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joan Cerdà
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA)-Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Banerjee P, Joy KP, Chaube R. Structural and functional diversity of nonapeptide hormones from an evolutionary perspective: A review. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 241:4-23. [PMID: 27133544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The article presents an overview of the comparative distribution, structure and functions of the nonapeptide hormones in chordates and non chordates. The review begins with a historical preview of the advent of the concept of neurosecretion and birth of neuroendocrine science, pioneered by the works of E. Scharrer and W. Bargmann. The sections which follow discuss different vertebrate nonapeptides, their distribution, comparison, precursor gene structures and processing, highlighting the major differences in these aspects amidst the conserved features across vertebrates. The vast literature on the anatomical characteristics of the nonapeptide secreting nuclei in the brain and their projections was briefly reviewed in a comparative framework. Recent knowledge on the nonapeptide hormone receptors and their intracellular signaling pathways is discussed and few grey areas which require deeper studies are identified. The sections on the functions and regulation of nonapeptides summarize the huge and ever increasing literature that is available in these areas. The nonapeptides emerge as key homeostatic molecules with complex regulation and several synergistic partners. Lastly, an update of the nonapeptides in non chordates with respect to distribution, site of synthesis, functions and receptors, dealt separately for each phylum, is presented. The non chordate nonapeptides share many similarities with their counterparts in vertebrates, pointing the system to have an ancient origin and to be an important substrate for changes during adaptive evolution. The article concludes projecting the nonapeptides as one of the very first common molecules of the primitive nervous and endocrine systems, which have been retained to maintain homeostatic functions in metazoans; some of which are conserved across the animal kingdom and some are specialized in a group/lineage-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - K P Joy
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, India.
| | - R Chaube
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Tran TDN, Yao S, Hsu WH, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA, Cheng H. Arginine vasopressin inhibits adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 406:1-9. [PMID: 25697345 PMCID: PMC4752440 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling is important for stem cell differentiation and there is evidence it may coordinate the process. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide hormone secreted mostly from the posterior pituitary gland and increases Ca(2+) signals mainly via V1 receptors. However, the role of AVP in adipogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) is unknown. In this study, we identified the V1a receptor gene in hASCs and demonstrated that AVP stimulation increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration during adipogenesis. This effect was mediated via V1a receptors, Gq-proteins and the PLC-IP3 pathway. These Ca(2+) signals were due to endoplasmic reticulum release and influx from the extracellular space. Furthermore, AVP supplementation to the adipogenic medium decreased the number of adipocytes and adipocyte marker genes during differentiation. The effect of AVP on adipocyte formation was reversed by the V1a receptor blocker V2255. These findings suggested that AVP may function to inhibit adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran D N Tran
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Walter H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Regenerative Medicine of Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Henrique Cheng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Saller S, Kunz L, Dissen G, Stouffer R, Ojeda S, Berg D, Berg U, Mayerhofer A. Oxytocin receptors in the primate ovary: molecular identity and link to apoptosis in human granulosa cells. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:969-76. [PMID: 20097922 PMCID: PMC2839908 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin (OT) is produced by granulosa cells (GCs) of pre-ovulatory ovarian follicles and the corpus luteum (CL) in some mammalian species. Actions of OT in the ovary have been linked to luteinization, steroidogenesis and luteolysis. Human IVF-derived (h)GCs possess a functional OT receptor (OTR), linked to elevation of intracellular Ca(2+), but molecular identity of the receptor for OT in human granulosa cells (hGCs) and down-stream consequences are not known. METHODS AND RESULTS RT-PCR, sequencing and immunocytochemistry identified the genuine OTR in hGCs. OT (10 nM-10 microM) induced elevations of intracellular Ca(2+) levels (Fluo-4 measurements), which were blocked by tocinoic acid (TA; 50 microM, a selective OTR-antagonist). Down-stream effects of OTR-activation include a concentration dependent decrease in cell viability/metabolism, manifested by reduced ATP-levels, increased caspase3/7-activity (P < 0.05) and electron microscopical signs of cellular regression. TA blocked all of these changes. Immunoreactive OTR was found in the CL and GCs of large and, surprisingly, also small pre-antral follicles of the human ovary. Immunoreactive OTR in the rhesus monkey ovary was detected in primordial and growing primary follicles in the infantile ovary and in follicles at all stages of development in the adult ovary, as well as the CL: these results were corroborated by RT-PCR analysis of GCs excised by laser capture microdissection. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies genuine OTRs in human and rhesus monkey GCs. Activation by high levels of OT leads to cellular regression in hGCs. As GCs of small follicles also express OTRs, OT may have as yet unknown functions in follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Saller
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Munich, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 München, Germany
| | - L. Kunz
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Munich, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 München, Germany
| | - G.A. Dissen
- Division of Neurosciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - R. Stouffer
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - S.R. Ojeda
- Division of Neurosciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - D. Berg
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - U. Berg
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Mayerhofer
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Munich, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 München, Germany
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Kunz G, Beil D, Huppert P, Leyendecker G. Oxytocin--a stimulator of directed sperm transport in humans. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 14:32-9. [PMID: 17207329 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rhythmic peristaltic contractions of the muscular wall of the non-pregnant uterus, as well as rapid sperm transport from the vagina to the Fallopian tubes, have long been documented by means of vaginal sonography and hysterosalpingoscintigraphy. Uterine peristaltic activity reaches a maximum before ovulation and is controlled via oestradiol secretion from the dominant follicle systemically and into the utero-ovarian countercurrent system; it is also enhanced by oxytocin. In this study, the effect of oxytocin and its receptor antagonist atosiban on uterine peristalsis and thus directed sperm transport during the mid and late follicular phases was examined. Atosiban did not show any effect either on frequency or on pattern of the peristaltic contractions. However, oxytocin significantly increased the rapid and directed transport of radiolabelled particles representing spermatozoa from the vagina into the Fallopian tube ipsilateral to the site of the dominant follicle (P = 0.02, 0.04 and 0.02 after 1, 16 and 32 min of documentation respectively). It seems reasonable to assume that oxytocin plays an important, although not critical, role in the mechanisms governing rapid sperm ascension that, at least in humans, were developed to rapidly preserve an aliquot of spermatozoa following intercourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kunz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of St Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
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Yibchok-anun S, Abu-Basha EA, Yao CY, Panichkriangkrai W, Hsu WH. The role of arginine vasopressin in diabetes-associated increase in glucagon secretion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 122:157-62. [PMID: 15491785 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2004.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Revised: 05/31/2004] [Accepted: 06/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on glucagon secretion in both normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous administration of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin, 14 days before pancreatic perfusion. Diabetic rats were maintained on insulin replacement therapy until approximately 48 h before the perfusion experiments. Both glucagon and AVP were determined in the effluent of the perfused pancreas using RIA. Both normal and diabetic rats had similar basal glucagon secretion. AVP (3-30 pM) increased glucagon secretion from both normal and diabetic rats in a concentration-dependent manner. However, diabetic subjects were more sensitive to AVP administration than normal subjects with regard to glucagon secretion. By comparison of the areas under the curves, AVP-induced glucagon secretion in diabetic rats was approximately 2-fold that of the normal rats. In addition, immunoreactive AVP was detected in the effluent of the perfused pancreas, and diabetic rats had 70% higher AVP concentrations in the pancreatic effluent than normal rats. We conclude that AVP is secreted from the pancreas and diabetic rats can secrete more AVP from the pancreas than normal rats. Consequently, AVP may have a greater impact on glucagon secretion in diabetic subjects than normal ones. AVP might play an important role in the hypersecretion of glucagon in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirintorn Yibchok-anun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Yibchok-Anun S, Cheng H, Heine PA, Hsu WH. Characterization of receptors mediating AVP- and OT-induced glucagon release from the rat pancreas. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 277:E56-62. [PMID: 10409128 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.1.e56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We characterized the receptors that mediate arginine vasopressin (AVP)- and oxytocin (OT)-induced glucagon release by use of a number of antagonists in the perfused rat pancreas and the fluorescence imaging of the receptors. AVP and OT (3 pM-3 nM) increased glucagon release in a concentration-dependent manner. The antagonist with potent V(1b) receptor-blocking activity, CL-4-84 (10 nM), abolished AVP (30 pM)-induced glucagon release but did not alter OT (30 pM)-induced glucagon release. d(CH(2))(5)[Tyr(Me)(2)]AVP (10 nM), a V(1a) receptor antagonist, and L-366,948 (10 nM), a highly specific OT-receptor antagonist, failed to inhibit AVP-induced glucagon release. In contrast, L-366,948 (10 nM) abolished OT (30 pM)-induced glucagon release but did not change the effect of AVP. Fluorescent microscopy of rat pancreatic sections showed that fluorescence-labeled AVP and OT bound to their receptors in the islets of Langerhans and that the bindings were inhibited by 1 microM of Cl-4-84 and L-366,948, respectively. Because AVP and OT at physiological concentrations (3-30 pM) increased glucagon release, we conclude that AVP and OT increase glucagon release under the physiological condition through the activation of V(1b) and OT receptors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yibchok-Anun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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8
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Abstract
In many nonprimate mammalian species, cyclical regression of the corpus luteum (luteolysis) is caused by the episodic pulsatile secretion of uterine PGF2alpha, which acts either locally on the corpus luteum by a countercurrent mechanism or, in some species, via the systemic circulation. Hysterectomy in these nonprimate species causes maintenance of the corpora lutea, whereas in primates, removal of the uterus does not influence the cyclical regression of the corpus luteum. In several nonprimate species, the episodic pattern of uterine PGF2alpha secretion appears to be controlled indirectly by the ovarian steroid hormones estradiol-17beta and progesterone. It is proposed that, toward the end of the luteal phase, loss of progesterone action occurs both centrally in the hypothalamus and in the uterus due to the catalytic reduction (downregulation) of progesterone receptors by progesterone. Loss of progesterone action may permit the return of estrogen action, both centrally in the hypothalamus and peripherally in the uterus. Return of central estrogen action appears to cause the hypothalamic oxytocin pulse generator to alter its frequency and produce a series of intermittent episodes of oxytocin secretion. In the uterus, returning estrogen action concomitantly upregulates endometrial oxytocin receptors. The interaction of neurohypophysial oxytocin with oxytocin receptors in the endometrium evokes the secretion of luteolytic pulses of uterine PGF2alpha. Thus the uterus can be regarded as a transducer that converts intermittent neural signals from the hypothalamus, in the form of episodic oxytocin secretion, into luteolytic pulses of uterine PGF2alpha. In ruminants, portions of a finite store of luteal oxytocin are released synchronously by uterine PGF2alpha pulses. Luteal oxytocin in ruminants may thus serve to amplify neural oxytocin signals that are transduced by the uterus into pulses of PGF2alpha. Whether such amplification of episodic PGF2alpha pulses by luteal oxytocin is a necessary requirement for luteolysis in ruminants remains to be determined. Recently, oxytocin has been reported to be produced by the endometrium and myometrium of the sow, mare, and rat. It is possible that uterine production of oxytocin may act as a supplemental source of oxytocin during luteolysis in these species. In primates, oxytocin and its receptor and PGF2alpha and its receptor have been identified in the corpus luteum and/or ovary. Therefore, it is possible that oxytocin signals of ovarian and/or neural origin may be transduced locally at the ovarian level, thus explaining why luteolysis and ovarian cyclicity can proceed in the absence of the uterus in primates. However, it remains to be established whether the intraovarian process of luteolysis is mediated by arachidonic acid and/or its metabolite PGF2alpha and whether the central oxytocin pulse generator identified in nonprimate species plays a mediatory role during luteolysis in primates. Regardless of the mechanism, intraovarian luteolysis in primates (progesterone withdrawal) appears to be the primary stimulus for the subsequent production of endometrial prostaglandins associated with menstruation. In contrast, luteolysis in nonprimate species appears to depend on the prior production of endometrial prostaglandins. In primates, uterine prostaglandin production may reflect a vestigial mechanism that has been retained during evolution from an earlier dependence on uterine prostaglandin production for luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A McCracken
- Worcester Foundation for Biomedical Research, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Watson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, UK
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10
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Denef C. Autocrine/Paracrine Intermediates in Hormonal Action and Modulation of Cellular Responses to Hormones. Compr Physiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp070118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Stock AE, Emeny RT, Sirois J, Fortune JE. Oxytocin in mares: lack of evidence for oxytocin production by or action on preovulatory follicles. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1995; 12:133-42. [PMID: 7600764 DOI: 10.1016/0739-7240(94)00015-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is not known whether the equine preovulatory follicle produces oxytocin or is a target tissue for oxytocin, as has been reported for other species, especially ruminants. Bovine granulosa cells secrete oxytocin, and oxytocin modulates the production of progesterone by granulosa cells in vitro. We examined whether oxytocin plays a comparable role in the equine preovulatory follicle. To test the hypothesis that the equine preovulatory follicle produces oxytocin during estrus and that its production increases in late estrus, preovulatory follicles were isolated during early (Days 1 to 2; n = 4) and late (Days 4 to 5; n = 4) estrus. Granulosa cells, pieces of theca interna and pieces of follicle wall (theca with attached granulosa cells) were cultured for 3 d with or without equine gonadotropins. Culture media were collected, replaced at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr of culture, and assayed for oxytocin. Granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles secreted negligible amounts of oxytocin during 3 d of culture, irrespective of gonadotropin treatment or stage of estrus. Likewise, negligible amounts of oxytocin were measured in theca and follicle wall cultures at both developmental stages, in the presence or absence of gonadotropins. Furthermore, follicular fluid from early or late estrous follicles contained only negligible amounts of oxytocin. To determine if oxytocin affects steroidogenesis by equine granulosa cells, granulosa cells from follicles obtained on Day 2 of estrus were cultured with graded doses of oxytocin (0, 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 ng/ml) in defined medium supplemented with testosterone (0.5 microM) and culture media were assayed for estradiol-17 beta and progesterone. Estradiol was secreted throughout the culture period, and its production was not significantly affected by oxytocin treatment (P > 0.05). Progesterone secretion was relatively low during the first 24 hr of culture, increased dramatically on the second day of culture, and remained high through the third day. No dose of oxytocin had a significant effect on progesterone secretion (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that equine preovulatory follicles, isolated during early or late estrus, are neither a source of oxytocin nor a target for oxytocin action on steroidogenesis. Although ovarian oxytocin appears to play a role in regulating follicular function in some other mammalian species, our data provide no support for such a role for oxytocin in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Stock
- Department and Section of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Goh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital, Kent Ridge
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13
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Grant FD, Reventos J, Kawabata S, Miller M, Gordon JW, Majzoub JA. Transgenic mouse models of vasopressin expression. Hypertension 1993; 22:640-5. [PMID: 8406671 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.22.4.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin is a nine-amino acid neuropeptide hormone important in the regulation of water metabolism. It also may have a role in other physiological functions, such as blood pressure regulation and the response to stress. Whole animal studies have provided a good understanding of vasopressin physiology and regulation of the normal vasopressin gene, and in vitro cell culture studies have demonstrated important features of the intracellular regulation of vasopressin gene expression. Transgenic mice provide useful models for the study of the in vivo regulation of gene expression. Previously reported mouse lines transgenic with vasopressin gene constructs have not expressed the transgene in a tissue distribution similar to that detected for the endogenous mouse vasopressin gene. An 8.2-kb genomic construct of the rat vasopressin gene, including 3 kb each of 5' and 3' flanking sequences, has been used to develop a line of transgenic mice. These animals express the transgene in a tissue-specific manner, demonstrate appropriate osmotic regulation of transgenic vasopressin mRNA, and have normal water metabolism. Animals homozygous for the 8.2-kb transgene have increased basal plasma levels of vasopressin peptide but have no apparent change in basal water metabolism. The findings with this and other previously reported mouse lines transgenic for vasopressin constructs provide a basis for developing future transgenic lines to study the in vivo regulation of the vasopressin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Grant
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass. 02115
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14
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Melin P. Oxytocin antagonists in preterm labour and delivery. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1993; 7:577-600. [PMID: 8252818 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3552(05)80449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has been gained that an oxytocin receptor antagonist given by intravenous infusion effectively stops uterine contractions in threatened as well as in actual preterm labour. The findings suggest that the increase of oxytocin receptors is aetiologically important in uncomplicated preterm labour. Oxytocin antagonists could therefore be an attractive alternative to currently used drugs by virtue of their high specificity and lack of serious side-effects. Their use in prophylactic and maintenance therapy may be greater when modified analogues have been developed that allow non-parenteral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Melin
- Ferring Research Institute AB, Malmö, Sweden
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15
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Friedmann AS, Memoli VA, Yu XM, North WG. Biosynthesis of vasopressin by gastrointestinal cells of Brattleboro and Long-Evans rats. Peptides 1993; 14:607-12. [PMID: 8332556 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(93)90152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of vasopressin, provasopressin, vasopressin-associated neurophysin, and vasopressin-associated glycopeptide was determined immunohistochemically in the gastrointestinal system of Brattleboro and Long-Evans rats. Cells containing immunoreactivity for vasopressin, provasopressin, neurophysin, and glycopeptide were detected in the same cell types of the stomach and duodenum, while selected cells in the duodenum contained only immunoreactive glycopeptide. Unlike that in the hypothalamus, staining for neurophysin in the gastrointestinal tract was sensitive to fixation. These findings indicate that vasopressin is produced by cells in the rat gastrointestinal system and suggest the existence of synthetic pathways different from those found in hypothalamic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Friedmann
- Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- P Melin
- Ferring Research Institute AB, Malmö, Sweden
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17
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Gelety TJ, Chaudhuri G. Prostaglandins in the ovary and fallopian tube. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1992; 6:707-29. [PMID: 1477996 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3552(05)80185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
More than 20 years following the recognition of a possible role for eicosanoids in ovarian function a physiological role for prostaglandins and/or leukotrienes in human ovulation, corpus luteum function and tubal motility remains to be demonstrated. With respect to ovarian function, the well-characterized preovulatory rise in eicosanoid production in animal species and humans, in conjunction with the large body of experimental evidence employing inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis and replacement of individual prostaglandins, has provided strong evidence for a role in follicular rupture independent of other LH-mediated ovulatory events. The possible mechanism of prostaglandin-induced follicle rupture may involve stimulation of proteolytic activity via substances such as plasmin and PA; however, this is controversial. A role for prostaglandins in ovarian luteal function is well established in laboratory animals and large ruminant species, where PGF2 alpha derived from the uterus has been demonstrated to be the luteolytic factor. In humans, luteal function may be influenced by local intraovarian eicosanoid production, which has been suggested to involve the paracrine interaction of local ovarian hormones such as oxytocin, noradrenaline, insulin and IGFs, to name but a few. Several lines of evidence have also implicated prostaglandins as an aetiological factor in ovarian pathological states such as seen in the OHSS. However, the bulk of clinical experimental evidence to date has failed to support this contention. Prostaglandin production has likewise been well characterized in the fallopian tube in both humans and animal species. Whereas a role for prostaglandins in tubal transport has been demonstrated with animal species such as the rabbit, several studies have failed to define a similar function in humans. More recently, direct injections of prostaglandin analogues into the fallopian tube and the corpus luteum have been shown to be efficacious as a treatment for ectopic pregnancy. Whether the primary mechanism of action involves effects on tubal musculature or corpus luteum function, or is simply a local vascular effect, remains to be demonstrated. Therefore, although the physiological role for eicosanoids in ovarian and tubal function remains unclear, particularly in the human, an increasing body of recent evidence has suggested an important paracrine function for this class of cellular mediators whose interaction with other more recently characterized local ovarian factors has only begun to be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Gelety
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UCLA School of Medicine 90025
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18
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Guillou MD, Barre N, Bussenot I, Plevrakis I, Clamagirand C. COOH-terminally-extended processing forms of oxytocin in human ovary. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1992; 83:233-8. [PMID: 1547913 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(92)90163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human granulosa cells synthesize and secrete the oxytocin hormone. We have already shown that oxytocin-Gly, the last post-translational maturation intermediate of pro-hormone, is largely secreted by cultured granulosa cells deprived of ascorbate (Plevrakis et al. (1990) J. Endocrinol. 124, R5-R8). Using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay, the oxytocin-like material present in human granulosa cell extracts, in follicular fluid, in cultured granulosa cell supernatants and in corpora lutea extracts was identified. We have demonstrated the presence of oxytocin-Gly, oxytocin-Gly-Lys and oxytocin-Gly-Lys-Arg, the same post-translational maturation intermediates as those we identified in bovine corpus luteum secretory granules. Thus we conclude that post-translational maturation of pro-oxytocin/neurophysin in human ovary proceeds by the same proteolytic events as those we described in bovine post-pituitary gland and corpus luteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Guillou
- Recherche Clinique et Biologique en Reproduction, INSERM CIJ 89-08, Hôpital de la Grave, Toulouse, France
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19
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Voss AK, Fortune JE. Oxytocin stimulates progesterone production by bovine granulosa cells isolated before, but not after, the luteinizing hormone surge. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991; 78:17-24. [PMID: 1936522 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(91)90181-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin and its mRNA have been detected in bovine granulosa cells, but the function of follicular oxytocin is not well understood. We have shown previously that oxytocin exerts a specific, dose-dependent, stimulatory effect on progesterone secretion by granulosa, but not theca cells isolated from bovine preovulatory follicles obtained 48 h after the initiation of luteolysis. The objective of the present study was to characterize the development of granulosa cell responsiveness to oxytocin during the follicular phase. Granulosa cells and theca interna were isolated form preovulatory follicles early in the follicular phase (24 h after the initiation of luteolysis) or after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and cultured in defined medium for 5 days with or without oxytocin and in the presence or absence of gonadotropins. Granulosa, but not theca cells obtained before the LH surge increased progesterone production 3.3-fold in response to oxytocin. However, late in the follicular phase, after the LH surge, granulosa cells did not respond to oxytocin (or to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or LH). These findings suggest that the LH surge (1) stimulates granulosa cells to maximal progesterone secretion, so that they cannot be further stimulated, (2) abolishes the responsiveness of granulosa cells to oxytocin, or (3) stimulates granulosa cells to increase oxytocin production, so that exogenous oxytocin has no additional effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Voss
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Svane D, Lundin S, Andersson KE, Forman A. Regional differences in vascular responses in the human uterus. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1990; 97:1033-7. [PMID: 2252869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue specimens from the fundus, isthmus and distal cervix were obtained from 14 women at hysterectomy at various phases of the menstrual cycle. Ring preparations of small intramyometrial and intracervical arteries were dissected and mounted in organ baths; isometric tension was recorded and responses to contractile agents were studied. The amplitude of responses to K+ (124 mmol/l) of the vessel preparations ranked fundus greater than or equal to isthmus greater than cervix. While similar pD2 values for noradrenaline (NA) were found, the Emax values ranked cervix greater than or equal to isthmus greater than or equal to fundus (cervix greater than fundus). The pD2 values for arginine-vasopressin (AVP) showed minor differences, while the Emax values for this peptide ranked fundus greater than or equal to isthmus greater than or equal to cervix (fundus greater than cervix). Arteries from the fundus and isthmus displayed weak, inconsistent contractile responses to prostaglandin F2 alpha, but more pronounced contractions were induced by this prostanoid in arterial preparations from the distal cervix. The results suggest regional differences in vascular mechanical responses to endogenous vasoactive agents in the human uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Svane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Abstract
Human vasopressin (arginine-vasopressin, AVP, antidiuretic hormone, ADH) was estimated, after protein precipitation and extraction in ethanol, using a new radioimmunoassay from Immuno Technology Service, Wijchen, Netherlands. Concentrations in human seminal plasma were 1.84 +/- 1.23 (0.6-4.1) pg/ml, estimated in good duplicates in all 20 samples, where 1 pg = 0.410 uIU/ml WHO 1st 77/501. This is about the same concentration as in blood serum, for which levels up to 8 pg/ml are found by the same kit. In contrast, only trace amounts of vasopressin were found in amniotic fluid at 16-22 weeks of gestation, with zero values in 8 of 19 samples, while another 9 samples showed zero in one duplicate and up to 0.46 pg/ml in the other duplicate, and one sample showed 0.09 pg/ml in good duplicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brotherton
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Sterility and Family Planning, Free University, Berlin/Germany
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22
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Amico JA, Zeleznik AJ. Ovarian oxytocin and neurophysin concentrations in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Endocr Res 1990; 16:17-30. [PMID: 2328707 DOI: 10.1080/07435809009035918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The neurohypophysial hormone oxytocin has previously been found in the ovaries of several animal species. In ruminants ovarian oxytocin is postulated to have a luteolytic function, because of its high concentrations in the corpus luteum. In primates the role of ovarian oxytocin is not known. In the present study we measured the immunoreactive oxytocin and oxytocin-neurophysin content in paired ovaries removed from cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) during the late luteal phase of the cycle (Days 12-14 of the luteal phase or Days 26-28 of a menstrual cycle). Each animal was pulsed with synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone to maintain normal menstrual cyclicity. The concentration of oxytocin and its neurophysin during the late luteal phase was greater in the non-corpus luteum than corpus luteum-bearing ovary. By high pressure liquid chromatography and bioassay the oxytocin in both the corpus luteal and non-corpus luteal ovaries was similar to synthetic and posterior pituitary oxytocin. The finding of high concentrations of immunoreactive oxytocin in the non-corpus luteum-bearing ovary suggests that the function of ovarian oxytocin in primates may not be confined specifically to the corpus luteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Amico
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261
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23
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Fahrenkrug J, Palle C, Jørgensen J, Ottesen B. Regulatory peptides in the mammalian urogenital system. EXPERIENTIA. SUPPLEMENTUM 1989; 56:362-81. [PMID: 2522894 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-9136-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
By immunocytochemistry a number of the gut/brain peptides have been demonstrated in nerve fibers of the mammalian urogenital tract. These peptides are localized to large vesicles in nerve terminals of afferent fibers or efferent nerves innervating blood vessels, non-vascular smooth muscle, lining epithelium and glands. There is evidence that some neuropeptides (VIP, NPY) participate in the local non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic nervous control of smooth muscle activity and blood flow, while other peptides (substance P, CGRP) seem to be sensory transmitters. It is likely that impaired function of the peptidergic nerves is involved in sexual dysfunction such as male impotence.
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24
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Abstract
Immunoreactive oxytocin and vasopressin were found in human and rat pancreatic extracts. The pancreatic oxytocin and vasopressin eluted on Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography and on reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography in the same positions as their respective reference preparations. The immunoreactive oxytocin was biologically active in the rat milk ejection assay. The presence of oxytocin and vasopressin in human and rat pancreatic extracts suggests the possibility of local synthesis of both hormones. The neurohypophysial hormones are known to be endocrine mediators of insulin and glucagon release. The finding of oxytocin and vasopressin in the pancreas raises the possibility, although yet unproven, of local synthesis and perhaps a paracrine function for the neurohypophysial peptides upon pancreatic hormone release or for a local function upon the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Amico
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15261
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25
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Hamberger L, Hahlin M, Hillensjö T, Johanson C, Sjögren A. Luteotropic and luteolytic factors regulating human corpus luteum function. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988; 541:485-97. [PMID: 3057999 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb22285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Hamberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Göteborg, Sweden
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26
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Watkins WB, Choy VJ. Identification of neurohypophysial peptides in the ovaries of several mammalian and nonmammalian species. Peptides 1988; 9:927-32. [PMID: 3149733 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(88)90069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian tissue from a variety of mammalian and nonmammalian species were extracted in acid. All extracts contained both oxytocin- and vasopressin-like immunoreactivites as determined by radioimmunoassay. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of oxytocin in all ovarian extracts examined. This was in contrast to the corresponding posterior pituitary gland which other workers have shown do not necessarily contain the oxytocin peptide. It is suggested that oxytocin may play an important role in ovarian function in species of differing phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Watkins
- Postgraduate School of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Women's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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27
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Sheth AR, Vanage GR, Bandivdekar AH. Evidence for mutually antagonistic actions of thyroid releasing hormone and inhibin at pituitary-gonadal-prostate-spermatozoal axis. Med Hypotheses 1988; 25:69-75. [PMID: 3128722 DOI: 10.1016/0306-9877(88)90021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In-vivo as well as in-vitro studies carried out demonstrate for the first time the interaction between thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) and inhibin at the pituitary, testes, prostate and spermatozoa levels. At the pituitary level both peptides act as antagonists to each other and modify the release of pituitary hormones. Further, these peptides act at the prostatic level wherein they modulate ornithine decarboxylase activity as well as 5 alpha-reductase activity. At the testicular level TRH blocks inhibin biosynthesis whereas in semen, it significantly reduces the binding of spermatozoa to specific antibodies directed against inhibin. In conclusion, although TRH and inhibin are widely different in their molecular size and chemical structure, these peptides seems to act antagonistically at multiple sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sheth
- Institute for Research in Reproduction (ICMR), Parel, Bombay, India
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28
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Tahri-Joutei A, Pointis G. Modulation of mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis through a specific arginine-vasopressin receptor. Life Sci 1988; 43:177-85. [PMID: 2455854 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(88)90295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of specific vasopressin binding sites was investigated in purified mouse Leydig cells using tritiated arginine-vasopressin. Binding of radioligand was saturable, time- and temperature-dependent and reversible. (3H)-AVP was found to bind to a single class of sites with high affinity (Kd = 2.20 +/- 0.18 nM) and low capacity (Bmax = 17.4 +/- 1.8 fmol/10(6) Leydig cells). Binding displacements with specific selective analogs of AVP indicated the presence of V1 subtype receptors on Leydig cells. The ability of AVP to displace (3H)-AVP binding was greater than LVP and oxytocin. The unrelated peptides, somatostatin and substance P, were less potent, while neurotensin and LHRH did not displace (3H)-AVP binding. The time-course effects of AVP-pretreatment on basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone and cAMP accumulations were studied in primary culture of Leydig cells. Basal testosterone accumulation was significantly increased by a 24 h AVP-pretreatment of Leydig cells (P less than 0.001). This effect was potentiated by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor (MIX) and was concomitantly accompanied by a slight but significant increase in cAMP accumulation (P less than 0.01). AVP-pretreatment of the cells for 72 h had no effect on basal testosterone accumulation, but exerted a marked inhibitory effect on the hCG-stimulated testosterone accumulation (P less than 0.001). This reduction of testosterone accumulation occurred even in the presence of MIX and was not accompanied by any significant change of cAMP levels. We conclude from these data that AVP is capable of modulating steroidogenesis in Leydig cells through specific and functionally V1 receptor subtype and postulate that this effect may be part of an intratesticular paracrine/autocrine control mechanism.
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29
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Albertson BD, Zinaman MJ. The prediction of ovulation and monitoring of the fertile period. ADVANCES IN CONTRACEPTION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF CONTRACEPTION 1987; 3:263-90. [PMID: 3328481 DOI: 10.1007/bf01849284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Simple and reliable methods have been sought for both predicting and confirming ovulation. Application of these methods could include management of infertile couples to aid in conception and for increasing the reliability of natural family planning (NFP) as a method of birth control. With the advent of specific hormone assays, serial measurements of estrogens, progesterone (and metabolites), and luteinizing hormone have been the gold standard of monitoring ovarian function in women. However, newer and simpler methodologies have been described and are currently either in use or being tested. These include the measurement of basal body temperature (BBT), the evaluation of the volume, consistency and electro-conductivity of cervicovaginal fluid, salivary steroid content and cellular enzymatic activity, the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays applied to solid-phase formats, and the investigation of new hormonal molecules as markers of reproductive state and function. These new technologies are described herein and their potential for monitoring ovarian function is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Albertson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
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30
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Pellicer A, Diamond MP, DeCherney AH, Naftolin F. Intraovarian markers of follicular and oocyte maturation. JOURNAL OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO TRANSFER : IVF 1987; 4:205-17. [PMID: 3040874 DOI: 10.1007/bf01533758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of ovulation induction for multiple follicular growth in in vitro fertilization (IVF) has introduced the problem of follicular asynchrony. As a consequence of the asynchrony, the parameters most commonly used by IVF groups to assess follicular and oocyte quality within those follicles are not sufficiently sensitive or specific. Thus, each follicle must be considered separately, and specific markers of follicular and/or oocyte maturation must be sought from within the follicle. In this review we analyze previous reports of potential markers of follicular and oocyte maturation. In regards to the follicular fluid constituents, the level of estradiol in follicular fluid correlates with fertilization and pregnancy in stimulated cycles. Other steroids are only helpful when specific stimulation protocols are used. The level of some follicular proteins such as alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen also correlates with fertilization and pregnancy outcome. Cyclic AMP levels in follicular fluid are significantly reduced in follicles leading to conception. Regulators of oocyte maturation, such as the Oocyte Maturation Inhibitor (OMI) or the Meiosis Inducing Substance (MIS) have also been correlated with IVF outcome, but their exact structure remains still unknown. In addition, other sophisticated parameters, such as chemotactic activity of human leukocytes, or simple methods, such as the presence of intrafollicular echoes, have also been used as successful markers in predicting IVF outcome.
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Peek JC, Choy VJ, Watkins WB, Graham FM. Levels of oxytocin-like activity and progesterone in follicular fluid from in vitro fertilization cycles. JOURNAL OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO TRANSFER : IVF 1987; 4:103-6. [PMID: 3598299 DOI: 10.1007/bf01555448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin-like immunoreactivity, estradiol, and progesterone were measured in follicular fluid collected during oocyte collection in an in vitro fertilization program in which clomiphene citrate was used to stimulate follicular development. Follicles which yielded morphologically normal embryos after fertilization of the oocyte had oxytocin concentrations ranging from less than 10 to 600 ng/liter. Oxytocin concentrations did not differ between follicles from 12 pregnancy cycles (median, 169; N = 21) and follicles from 12 nonpregnancy cycles (median, 110; N = 18). Oxytocin concentrations were correlated negatively with progesterone concentrations (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r = -0.50; P = 0.001). In cycles with some follicles having progesterone concentrations less than 10 and some greater than 10 mumol/liter, oxytocin concentrations were higher in the less progestogenic follicles in 15 of 16 cases.
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Antigonadotropic effect of oxytocin on the isolated human corpus luteum**Supported by grant 2873 from the Swedish Medical Research Council, the foundation, “Handlanden Hjalmar Svenssons Forskningsfond,” the Swedish Society of Medical Sciences, the T. A. A. Amundson’s Foundation, and the Göteborg Medical Society. Fertil Steril 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Stormshak F, Zelinski-Wooten MB, Abdelgadir SE. Comparative aspects of the regulation of corpus luteum function in various species. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1987; 219:327-60. [PMID: 3324680 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5395-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Stormshak
- Department of Animal Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
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35
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Fuchs AR. Prostaglandin F2 alpha and oxytocin interactions in ovarian and uterine function. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 27:1073-80. [PMID: 2826898 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(87)90192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The oxytocin-neurophysin gene is expressed in several nontraditional sites within the endocrine system. In the ovary its expression in the corpora lutea is initiated by ovulation. Ovarian oxytocin concentrations reach maximal levels around day 11 of luteal cycle and fall to a nadir at estrus. PGF2 alpha has the capacity to release oxytocin from the corpus luteum, and oxytocin in turn releases PGF2 alpha from the uterine endometrium or decidua. This positive feedback loop between the ovary and the uterus ensures the completion of luteolysis in species that depend on the presence of the uterus for the termination of luteal lifespan. Immunization against oxytocin has been shown to disrupt this loop, resulting in much-prolonged luteal cycles. In primates and other species in which luteal life span is independent of the uterus, an oxytocin PGF2 alpha interaction may take place within the ovary itself. At parturition a related interaction takes place which ensures the expulsion of the fetus and placenta in an orderly manner. Oxytocin of both pituitary and ovarian origin reaches the uterus via its blood supply and binds to two types of receptors: one on myometrial cells, the occupation of which initiates contractions, and the other on decidual cells, the occupation of which initiates prostaglandin generation. This prostaglandin diffuses into the adjacent myometrium and augments the oxytocin-induced contractions. In conjunction with a direct softening effect by prostaglandins on the cervix the augmented contractions achieve the force needed to dilate the cervix and expel the fetus. An additional source of oxytocin during labor may be the placenta, another non-traditional site for the occurrence of oxytocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Fuchs
- Cornell University Medical College, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York, NY 10021
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36
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Wise T, Vernon M, Maurer R. Oxytocin, prostaglandins E and F, estradiol, progesterone, sodium, and potassium in preovulatory bovine follicles either developed normally or stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone. Theriogenology 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(86)90006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Dawood MY, Khan-Dawood FS. Human ovarian oxytocin: its source and relationship to steroid hormones. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 154:756-63. [PMID: 3963065 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(86)90450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To determine the site of oxytocin in human ovaries and its relationship with ovarian steroids, oxytocin and steroid hormones were measured in ovarian tissues, ovarian vein, and peripheral blood. Corpus luteum had significantly higher oxytocin, estrone, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations than corpus albicans and ovarian stroma (p = less than 0.01 to less than 0.001). Oxytocin concentrations in corpus luteum correlated significantly with estrone, estradiol, and progesterone. Oxytocin in corpus luteum increased from 14.0 +/- 1.8 ng/gm of wet weight in early to 30.8 +/- 0.9 ng/gm in midluteal phases (p = less than 0.001). Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography showed similarity between oxytocin in corpus luteum and synthetic oxytocin. Ovarian vein draining corpus luteum had significantly higher plasma oxytocin (11.8 +/- 1.5 pg/ml) than those without corpus luteum (2.1 +/- 0.2 pg/ml) or in the peripheral blood (2.9 +/- 0.3 pg/ml) (p = less than 0.001). Oxytocin in corpus luteum correlated significantly with its ipsilateral ovarian vein level of oxytocin, estrone, progesterone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. Our findings demonstrate that oxytocin is present and probably produced in corpus luteum and secreted into its ovarian vein; it may regulate corpus luteum release of progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and estrone.
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38
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Paracrine regulation of follicular maturation in primates. CLINICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 1986; 15:135-56. [PMID: 2420493 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-595x(86)80046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Taken together, the studies reviewed here suggest that although gonadotropins are necessary for follicular growth, they are insufficient by themselves to explain the dynamics of folliculogenesis. Indeed, the role of gonadotropins in follicular maturation must necessarily be permissive: that is LH and FSH initiate a synchronized cascade of follicular events directly mediated by paracrine and autocrine factors.
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39
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Sánchez-Franco F, Cacicedo L, Vasallo JL, Blazquez JL, Muñoz Barragan L. Arginine-vasopressin immunoreactive material in the gastrointestinal tract. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1986; 85:419-22. [PMID: 3536811 DOI: 10.1007/bf00982672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Like many other neuropeptides, vasopressin is not confined to the hypothalamic neurohypophysial system. Furthermore, vasopressin was found to be a potent vasoconstrictor in the rat jejunum, reducing myenteric artery flow. These associations were the basis of this investigation on the presence of vasopressin in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by both RIA and immunohistochemistry. Portions of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic islets of the rat were extracted with 0.1 N HCl for RIA measurements of AVP content. Similar portions from the male cat GI tract were used for immunohistochemistry studies. Acid extracts of the GI tract were found to contain immunoreactive AVP with the highest concentration (pg/mg protein) in the fundus portion of the stomach (15.0 +/- 1.6) and slightly lower values down along the antrum-pylorus portion (6.7 +/- 0.6), proximal jejunum (8.6 +/- 0.2), distal ileum (9.7 +/- 0.3) and colon (11.9 +/- 0.5). In the pancreatic islets the concentration was much higher (72.0 pg/mg protein). The extract inhibition curves showed parallelism with the appropriate standard preparation of AVP in the specific RIA. Immunohistochemical localization showed IR-AVP in the nerve fibers around the myenteric plexus of the second portion of the duodenum. It was also found in fibers starting from where the myenteric plexus goes through the layer of muscle fibers, penetrating the submucosa and duodenal mucosa, ending near the capillaries situated along the basal side of the villous epithelium cells. Similar IR-AVP activity was found in cells located in the mucosal epithelium of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon and rectum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Identification and characterization of arginine vasopressin-like substances in the rat testis. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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