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Babaya N, Noso S, Hiromine Y, Taketomo Y, Niwano F, Monobe K, Imamura S, Ueda K, Yamazaki Y, Sasano H, Ikegami H. Oncocytic Adrenocortical Carcinoma With Low 18F-FDG Uptake and the Absence of Glucose Transporter 1 Expression. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab143. [PMID: 34514280 PMCID: PMC8423427 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor, and some histological variants (oncocytic, myxoid, and sarcomatoid ACCs) have been reported in addition to the conventional ACC. Among these subtypes, oncocytic ACC is histologically characterized by the presence of abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm in the carcinoma cells owing to the accumulation of mitochondria, which generally yields high 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET). Herein, we report the case of a 21-year-old woman with oncocytic ACC with low FDG uptake on PET scan. Her circulating levels of androgens were high, and androgen-synthesis enzymes were detected in carcinoma cells. The patient also had hypocholesterolemia. However, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was not detected in the tumor, which was considered to account for the low FDG uptake by the tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of low FDG uptake by oncocytic ACC without GLUT1 expression. Additionally, since hypocholesterolemia was reported in 3 previous reports of androgen-producing tumors, a possible correlation between androgenicity in adrenal tumors and the development of hypocholesterolemia could be postulated; however, further investigations are needed for clarification. This case highlights important information regarding the diversity of ACC and its impact on hypocholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naru Babaya
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Noso
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hiromine
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yasunori Taketomo
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Fumimaru Niwano
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Keisuke Monobe
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Shuzo Imamura
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ueda
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikegami
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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Lipoproteins as Markers for Monitoring Cancer Progression. J Lipids 2021; 2021:8180424. [PMID: 34552769 PMCID: PMC8452421 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8180424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are among the contributors of energy for the survival of cancer cells. Studies indicate there are complex functions and metabolism of lipoproteins in cancer. The current review is aimed at providing updates from studies related to the monitoring of lipoproteins in different types of cancer. This had led to numerous clinical and experimental studies. The review covers the major lipoproteins such as LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). This is mainly due to increasing evidence from clinical and experimental studies that relate association of lipoproteins with cancer. Generally, a significant association exists between LDL-C with carcinogenesis and high oxLDL with metastasis. This warrants further investigations to include Mendelian randomization design and to be conducted in a larger population to confirm the significance of LDL-C and its oxidized form as prognostic markers of cancer.
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Shrivastava M, Jain A, Gulbake A, Hurkat P, Jain N, Vijayraghwan R, Jain SK. Low Density Lipid Nanoparticles for Solid Tumor Targeting. Sci Pharm 2014; 82:873-88. [PMID: 26279976 PMCID: PMC4500588 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1401-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant characteristics of cancer cells is their rapid dividing ability and overexpression of LDL receptors, which offers an opportunity for the selective targeting of these cells. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-encapsulated low density lipid nanoparticles (LDLN) were prepared by the emulsion congealing method which mimics the plasma-derived LDL by acquiring the apolipoprotein B-100 from the blood. The average particle size, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and drug content of the prepared LDLN dispersion were found to be 161±3.5 nm, with spherical shape, and 0.370±0.05 mg/mL, respectively. In vitro release studies revealed a sustained profile which decreased with a lapse of time. In vivo studies of 5-FU serum concentration and biodistribution revealed a 5-FU serum concentration of 8.5% in tumor cells and about 2.1% in the liver at the end of 24 hr from LDLN. Tumor growth suppression studies showed 185.42% average tumor growth and 89.76% tumor height as compared to the control exhibiting tumor growth at 1166.47% and tumor height at 176.07%. On the basis of these collective data, it is suggested that a higher accumulation of LDLN, when given as an IV, in solid tumors is attributed to the active uptake of LDLN via LDL receptors via apolipoprotein B-100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Shrivastava
- Pharmaceutics Research Project Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M. P.), India
| | - Aviral Jain
- Pharmaceutics Research Project Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M. P.), India
| | - Arvind Gulbake
- Pharmaceutics Research Project Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M. P.), India
| | - Pooja Hurkat
- Pharmaceutics Research Project Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M. P.), India
| | - Neeti Jain
- Defense Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior (M. P), India
| | - R. Vijayraghwan
- Defense Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior (M. P), India
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Reynolds L, Mulik RS, Wen X, Dilip A, Corbin IR. Low-density lipoprotein-mediated delivery of docosahexaenoic acid selectively kills murine liver cancer cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:2123-41. [PMID: 24397600 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The natural omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has recently been credited for possessing anticancer properties. Herein, we investigate the cytotoxic actions of DHA-loaded low-density lipoprotein (LDL) nanoparticles in normal and liver cancer cells. MATERIALS & METHODS LDL-DHA nanoparticles were prepared and subjected to extensive biophysical characterization. The therapeutic utility of LDL-DHA nanoparticles was evaluated in normal and malignant murine hepatocyte cell lines, TIB-73 and TIB-75, respectively. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The engineered LDL-DHA nanoparticles possessed enhanced physical and oxidative stabilities over native LDL and free DHA. Dose-response studies showed that therapeutic doses of LDL-DHA nanoparticles that completely killed TIB-75 were innocuous to TIB-73. The selective induction of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species in the cancer cells was shown to play a central role in LDL-DHA nanoparticle-mediated cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION In summary, these findings indicate that LDL-DHA nanoparticles show great promise as a selective anticancer agent against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacy Reynolds
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Corbin IR, Li H, Chen J, Lund-Katz S, Zhou R, Glickson JD, Zheng G. Low-density lipoprotein nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Neoplasia 2006; 8:488-98. [PMID: 16820095 PMCID: PMC1601463 DOI: 10.1593/neo.05835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are a naturally occurring endogenous nanoplatform in mammalian systems. These nanoparticles (22 nm) specifically transport cholesterol to cells expressing the LDL receptor (LDLR). Several tumors overexpress LDLRs presumably to provide cholesterol to sustain a high rate of membrane synthesis. Amphiphilic gadolinium (Gd)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid chelates have been incorporated into the LDL to produce a novel LDLR-targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. The number of Gd chelates per LDL particle ranged between 150 and 496 Gd(III). In vitro studies demonstrated that Gd-labeled LDL retained a similar diameter and surface charge as the native LDL particle. In addition, Gd-labeled LDL retained selective cellular binding and uptake through LDLR-mediated endocytosis. Finally, Gd-labeled LDLs exhibited significant contrast enhancement 24 hours after administration in nude mice with human hepatoblastoma G2 xenografts. Thus, Gd-labeled LDL demonstrates potential use as a targeted MRI contrast agent for in vivo tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Corbin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sissel Lund-Katz
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jerry D Glickson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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