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Thabet RH, Gomaa AA, Matalqah LM, Shalaby EM. Vitamin D: an essential adjuvant therapeutic agent in breast cancer. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221113800. [PMID: 35883275 PMCID: PMC9340350 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221113800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low serum levels of vitamin D have been reported as a risk factor for breast cancer. This narrative review provides an update on the impact of vitamin D on hormone receptors, notably estrogen receptor subunits, and gives insights on possible therapeutic interventions to overcome breast cancer. In addition, evidence that supports the beneficial use of vitamin D as adjuvant treatment of breast cancer is summarized. Vitamin D deficiency is significantly widespread in patients with triple-negative tumors. Several studies have observed a possible modulatory effect of vitamin D or its analogues on the expression of different hormone receptors in breast cancer and increased sensitivity to tamoxifen. Vitamin D possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in patients with breast cancer, and the mechanism of action of vitamin D in patients with breast cancer is discussed. In conclusion, vitamin D appears to have a beneficial role in the prevention and management of breast cancer, however, large-scale, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the effects of vitamin D in breast cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romany H Thabet
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut
University
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine,
Yarmouk University, Irbid-Jordan
| | - Adel A Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut
University
- Center for Research on Management of Age-Related Diseases,
Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Laila M Matalqah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine,
Yarmouk University, Irbid-Jordan
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Cuenca-Micó O, Aceves C. Micronutrients and Breast Cancer Progression: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123613. [PMID: 33255538 PMCID: PMC7759972 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on micronutrient consumption have reported protective associations in the incidence and/or progression of various cancer types. Supplementation with some of these micronutrients has been analyzed, showing chemoprotection, low toxicity, antiproliferation, and the ability to modify epigenetic signatures in various cancer models. This review investigates the reported effects of micronutrient intake or supplementation in breast cancer progression. A PubMed search was conducted with the keywords "micronutrients breast cancer progression", and the results were analyzed. The selected micronutrients were vitamins (C, D, and E), folic acid, metals (Cu, Fe, Se, and Zn), fatty acids, polyphenols, and iodine. The majority of in vitro models showed antiproliferative, cell-cycle arrest, and antimetastatic effects for almost all the micronutrients analyzed, but these effects do not reflect animal or human studies. Only one clinical trial with vitamin D and one pilot study with molecular iodine showed favorable overall survival and disease-free interval.
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Calcitriol Inhibits the Proliferation of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells through a Mechanism Involving the Proinflammatory Cytokines IL-1 β and TNF- α. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:6384278. [PMID: 31093512 PMCID: PMC6481021 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6384278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive tumors, with poor prognosis and high metastatic capacity. The aggressive behavior may involve inflammatory processes characterized by deregulation of molecules related to the immunological responses in which interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are involved. It is known that calcitriol, the active vitamin D metabolite, modulates the synthesis of immunological mediators; however, its role in the regulation of IL-1β and TNF-α in TNBC has been scarcely studied. In the present study, we showed that TNBC cell lines SUM-229PE and HCC1806 expressed vitamin D, IL-1β, and TNF-α receptors. Moreover, calcitriol, its analogue EB1089, IL-1β, and TNF-α inhibited cell proliferation. In addition, we showed that synthesis of both IL-1β and TNF-α was stimulated by calcitriol and its analogue. Interestingly, the antiproliferative activity of calcitriol was significantly abrogated when the cells were treated with anti-IL-1β receptor 1 (IL-1R1) and anti-TNF-α receptor type 1 (TNFR1) antibodies. Furthermore, the combination of calcitriol with TNF-α resulted in a greater antiproliferative effect than either agent alone, in the two TNBC cell lines and an estrogen receptor-positive cell line. In summary, this study demonstrated that calcitriol exerted its antiproliferative effects in part by inducing the synthesis of IL-1β and TNF-α through IL-1R1 and TNFR1, respectively, in TNBC cells, highlighting immunomodulatory and antiproliferative functions of calcitriol in TNBC tumors.
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Choi JY, Yi JW, Lee JH, Song RY, Yu H, Kwon H, Chai YJ, Kim SJ, Lee KE. VDR mRNA overexpression is associated with worse prognostic factors in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:172-178. [PMID: 28223310 PMCID: PMC5424767 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) expression and prognostic factors in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). mRNA sequencing and somatic mutation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. VDR mRNA expression was compared to clinicopathologic variables by linear regression. Tree-based classification was applied to find cutoff and patients were split into low and high VDR group. Logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, differentially expressed gene (DEG) test and pathway analysis were performed to assess the differences between two VDR groups. VDR mRNA expression was elevated in PTC than that in normal thyroid tissue. VDR expressions were high in classic and tall-cell variant PTC and lateral neck node metastasis was present. High VDR group was also associated with classic and tall cell subtype, AJCC stage IV and lower recurrence-free survival. DEG test reveals that 545 genes were upregulated in high VDR group. Thyroid cancer-related pathways were enriched in high VDR group in pathway analyses. VDR mRNA overexpression was correlated with worse prognostic factors such as subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma that are known to be worse prognosis, lateral neck node metastasis, advanced stage and recurrence-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Young Choi
- Department of SurgerySeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Yi
- Department of SurgerySeoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hyup Lee
- Department of SurgerySeoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ra-Yeong Song
- Department of SurgerySeoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeongwon Yu
- Department of SurgerySeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Hyungju Kwon
- Department of SurgerySeoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jun Chai
- Department of SurgerySeoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Department of SurgerySeoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Eun Lee
- Department of SurgerySeoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Khatun A, Fujimoto M, Kito H, Niwa S, Suzuki T, Ohya S. Down-Regulation of Ca 2+-Activated K⁺ Channel K Ca1.1 in Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-453 Cells Treated with Vitamin D Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122083. [PMID: 27973439 PMCID: PMC5187883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) reduces the risk of breast cancer and improves disease prognoses. Potential VD analogs are being developed as therapeutic agents for breast cancer treatments. The large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa1.1 regulates intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathways and is associated with high grade tumors and poor prognoses. In the present study, we examined the effects of treatments with VD receptor (VDR) agonists on the expression and activity of KCa1.1 in human breast cancer MDA-MB-453 cells using real-time PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and voltage-sensitive dye imaging. Treatments with VDR agonists for 72 h markedly decreased the expression levels of KCa1.1 transcripts and proteins in MDA-MB-453 cells, resulting in the significant inhibition of depolarization responses induced by paxilline, a specific KCa1.1 blocker. The specific proteasome inhibitor MG132 suppressed VDR agonist-induced decreases in KCa1.1 protein expression. These results suggest that KCa1.1 is a new downstream target of VDR signaling and the down-regulation of KCa1.1 through the transcriptional repression of KCa1.1 and enhancement of KCa1.1 protein degradation contribute, at least partly, to the antiproliferative effects of VDR agonists in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anowara Khatun
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Mayu Fujimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kito
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Satomi Niwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 403-8334, Japan.
| | - Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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Zhang K, Song L. Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 39 studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96125. [PMID: 24769568 PMCID: PMC4000223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk were comprehensively investigated to clarify issues that remain controversial. Methodology/Principal Findings An electronic search was conducted of several databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CBM and CNKI, for papers that describe the association between Fok1, poly-A repeat, Bsm1, Taq1 or Apa1 polymorphisms of the VDR gene and breast cancer risk. Summary odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated based on a fixed-effect model (FEM) or random-effect model (REM), depending on the absence or presence of significant heterogeneity. A total of 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of high-quality studies showed that the Fok1 polymorphism of the VDR gene was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (ff vs. Ff+FF, OR: 1.09, 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.16, p = 0.007). No significant associations were observed between the other polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. No positive results were detected by pooling the results of all relevant studies. Conclusion A meta-analysis of high-quality studies demonstrated that the Fok1 polymorphism of the VDR gene was closely associated with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan -Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lihua Song
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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Santos-Martínez N, Díaz L, Ordaz-Rosado D, García-Quiroz J, Barrera D, Avila E, Halhali A, Medina-Franco H, Ibarra-Sánchez MJ, Esparza-López J, Camacho J, Larrea F, García-Becerra R. Calcitriol restores antiestrogen responsiveness in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells: a potential new therapeutic approach. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:230. [PMID: 24678876 PMCID: PMC3972996 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 30% of breast tumors do not express the estrogen receptor (ER) α, which is necessary for endocrine therapy approaches. Studies are ongoing in order to restore ERα expression in ERα-negative breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine if calcitriol induces ERα expression in ER-negative breast cancer cells, thus restoring antiestrogen responses. METHODS Cultured cells derived from ERα-negative breast tumors and an ERα-negative breast cancer cell line (SUM-229PE) were treated with calcitriol and ERα expression was assessed by real time PCR and western blots. The ERα functionality was evaluated by prolactin gene expression analysis. In addition, the effects of antiestrogens were assessed by growth assay using the XTT method. Gene expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1), and Ether-à-go-go 1 (EAG1) was also evaluated in cells treated with calcitriol alone or in combination with estradiol or ICI-182,780. Statistical analyses were determined by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Calcitriol was able to induce the expression of a functional ERα in ER-negative breast cancer cells. This effect was mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), since it was abrogated by a VDR antagonist. Interestingly, the calcitriol-induced ERα restored the response to antiestrogens by inhibiting cell proliferation. In addition, calcitriol-treated cells in the presence of ICI-182,780 resulted in a significant reduction of two important cell proliferation regulators CCND1 and EAG1. CONCLUSIONS Calcitriol induced the expression of ERα and restored the response to antiestrogens in ERα-negative breast cancer cells. The combined treatment with calcitriol and antiestrogens could represent a new therapeutic strategy in ERα-negative breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rocío García-Becerra
- Departments of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No, 15, Tlalpan 14000 México, México.
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Transcriptional effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) physiological and supra-physiological concentrations in breast cancer organotypic culture. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:119. [PMID: 23497279 PMCID: PMC3637238 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D transcriptional effects were linked to tumor growth control, however, the hormone targets were determined in cell cultures exposed to supra physiological concentrations of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (50-100nM). Our aim was to evaluate the transcriptional effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in a more physiological model of breast cancer, consisting of fresh tumor slices exposed to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) at concentrations that can be attained in vivo. METHODS Tumor samples from post-menopausal breast cancer patients were sliced and cultured for 24 hours with or without 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) 0.5nM or 100nM. Gene expression was analyzed by microarray (SAM paired analysis, FDR≤0.1) or RT-qPCR (p≤0.05, Friedman/Wilcoxon test). Expression of candidate genes was then evaluated in mammary epithelial/breast cancer lineages and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), exposed or not to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) 0.5nM, using RT-qPCR, western blot or immunocytochemistry. RESULTS 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) 0.5nM or 100nM effects were evaluated in five tumor samples by microarray and seven and 136 genes, respectively, were up-regulated. There was an enrichment of genes containing transcription factor binding sites for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in samples exposed to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) near physiological concentration. Genes up-modulated by both 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) concentrations were CYP24A1, DPP4, CA2, EFTUD1, TKTL1, KCNK3. Expression of candidate genes was subsequently evaluated in another 16 samples by RT-qPCR and up-regulation of CYP24A1, DPP4 and CA2 by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) was confirmed. To evaluate whether the transcripitonal targets of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) 0.5nM were restricted to the epithelial or stromal compartments, gene expression was examined in HB4A, C5.4, SKBR3, MDA-MB231, MCF-7 lineages and CAFs, using RT-qPCR. In epithelial cells, there was a clear induction of CYP24A1, CA2, CD14 and IL1RL1. In fibroblasts, in addition to CYP24A1 induction, there was a trend towards up-regulation of CA2, IL1RL1, and DPP4. A higher protein expression of CD14 in epithelial cells and CA2 and DPP4 in CAFs exposed to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) 0.5nM was detected. CONCLUSIONS In breast cancer specimens a short period of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) exposure at near physiological concentration modestly activates the hormone transcriptional pathway. Induction of CYP24A1, CA2, DPP4, IL1RL1 expression appears to reflect 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) effects in epithelial as well as stromal cells, however, induction of CD14 expression is likely restricted to the epithelial compartment.
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Lopes N, Paredes J, Costa JL, Ylstra B, Schmitt F. Vitamin D and the mammary gland: a review on its role in normal development and breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:211. [PMID: 22676419 PMCID: PMC3446331 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease associated with diverse biological behaviours and clinical outcome. Although some molecular subgroups of breast cancer have a targeted therapy, the most aggressive tumours still lack a molecular target. Despite vitamin D being classically associated with the physiological role of calcium regulation and phosphate transport in bone metabolism, several studies have demonstrated a wide range of functions for this hormone, which are particularly important in the field of cancer. The mechanisms underlying the protective actions of vitamin D in cancer development are only sparsely understood, but evidence shows that vitamin D participates in cell growth regulation, apoptosis and cell differentiation. In addition, it has been implicated in the suppression of cancer cell invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Most of vitamin D biological actions are mediated by the vitamin D receptor and the synthesis and catabolism of this hormone are regulated by the enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1. In the present review we highlight research data concerning the function of this hormone in the mammary gland, with a special focus on breast carcinogenesis. Hence, and although the available data are controversial, we consider not only updated information on the epidemiology of vitamin D in breast cancer and its potential value as a therapeutic agent or prophylactic (with an emphasis on molecular mechanisms and effectors of vitamin D action), but include data on its role in other stages of breast cancer progression as well. Accordingly, we review data on the influence of vitamin D in the development of normal breast and the expression of vitamin D-related proteins (VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A21) in benign mammary lesions and ductal carcinomas in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair Lopes
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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Wong G, Hayen A, Chapman JR, Webster AC, Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Craig JC. Association of CKD and cancer risk in older people. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:1341-50. [PMID: 19406977 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008090998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
People with ESRD are at increased risk for cancer, but it is uncertain when this increased risk begins in the spectrum of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of our study was to determine whether moderate CKD increases the risk for cancer among older people. We linked the Blue Mountains Eye Study, a prospective population-based cohort study of 3654 residents aged 49 to 97 yr, and the New South Wales Cancer Registry. During a mean follow-up of 10.1 yr, 711 (19.5%) cancers occurred in 3654 participants. Men but not women with at least stage 3 CKD had a significantly increased risk for cancer (test of interaction for gender P = 0.004). For men, the excess risk began at an estimated GFR (eGFR) of 55 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00 to 1.92) and increased linearly as GFR declined. For every 10-ml/min decrement in eGFR, the risk for cancer increased by 29% (adjusted HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.53), with the greatest risk at an eGFR <40 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (adjusted HR 3.01; 95% CI 1.72 to 5.27). The risk for lung and urinary tract cancers but not prostate was higher among men with CKD. In conclusion, moderate CKD (stage 3) may be an independent risk factor for the development of cancer among older men but not women, and the effect of CKD on risk may vary for different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germaine Wong
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Renal Medicine, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
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Dhawan P, Wieder R, Christakos S. CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha is a molecular target of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:3086-3095. [PMID: 19054766 PMCID: PMC2631956 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803602200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that the active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), can exert growth inhibitory effects on human breast cancer cells and mammary tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanisms remain to be fully delineated. This study demonstrates for the first time that CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha), a member of the C/EBP family of transcription factors, is induced by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and is a potent enhancer of VDR transcription in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) was found to induce C/EBPalpha as well as VDR expression in MCF-7 cells. C/EBPalpha was not detected in MDA-MB-231 cells that are poorly responsive to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Antiproliferative effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and induction of VDR were observed in MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with C/EBPalpha, and knockdown of C/EBPalpha suppressed VDR and antiproliferative effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in MCF-7 cells. Transfection of C/EBPalpha in MCF-7 cells resulted in a dose-dependent enhancement of hVDR transcription. Our studies show that C/EBPalpha can bind to Brahma (Brm), an ATPase that is a component of the SWI/SNF complex, and cooperate with Brm in the regulation of hVDR transcription in MCF-7 cells. Because the levels of VDR in MCF-7 breast cancer cells correlate with the antiproliferative effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and because C/EBPalpha has been suggested as a potential tumor suppressor in breast cancer, these findings provide important mechanisms whereby 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may act to inhibit growth of breast cancer cells. These findings also identify C/EBPalpha as a 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) target in breast cancer cells and provide evidence for C/EBPalpha as a candidate for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Robert Wieder
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103.
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Chlon TM, Taffany DA, Welsh J, Rowling MJ. Retinoids modulate expression of the endocytic partners megalin, cubilin, and disabled-2 and uptake of vitamin D-binding protein in human mammary cells. J Nutr 2008; 138:1323-8. [PMID: 18567755 PMCID: PMC2443692 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.7.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The major circulating form of vitamin D, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25D3), circulates bound to vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). Prior to activation to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the kidney, the 25D3-DBP complex is internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis, which is absolutely dependent on the membrane receptors megalin and cubilin and the adaptor protein disabled-2 (Dab2). We recently reported that mammary epithelial cells (T-47D) expressing megalin, cubilin, and Dab2 rapidly internalize DBP via endocytosis, whereas cells that do not express all 3 proteins (MCF-7) do not. The objectives of this study were to characterize megalin, cubilin, and Dab2 expression and transport of DBP in human mammary epithelial cells. Using immunoblotting and real-time PCR, we found that megalin, cubilin, and Dab2 were expressed and dose dependently induced by all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) in T-47D human breast cancer cells and that RA-treated T-47D cells exhibited enhanced DBP internalization. These are the first studies to our knowledge to demonstrate that mammary epithelial cells express megalin, cubilin, and Dab2, which are enhanced during differentiation and may explain, at least in part, our finding that receptor-mediated endocytosis of DBP is upregulated in differentiated mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Chlon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - David A. Taffany
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Matthew J. Rowling
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011,* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail;
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Palmieri C, MacGregor T, Girgis S, Vigushin D. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in early and advanced breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59:1334-6. [PMID: 17046848 PMCID: PMC1860540 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.042747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory and epidemiological studies have implicated vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) promotes differentiation and apoptosis, and potently inhibits proliferation of malignant breast epithelial cells in culture. Serum levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D are higher in normal women than in patients with primary breast cancer. AIM To clarify the role of vitamin D in breast cancer progression by comparing the levels of serum vitamin D in patients with early and in those with advanced breast cancer. METHODS Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium were measured prospectively in 279 Caucasian women with invasive breast cancer, 204 women with early-stage disease and 75 women with locally advanced or metastatic disease. RESULTS Patients with early-stage breast cancer had significantly higher circulating levels of 25(OH)D (p<0.005) and significantly lower PTH (p<0.001) levels than those with advanced disease. Calcium levels did not differ significantly (p = 0.74). CONCLUSION Serum levels of 25(OH)D are significantly higher in patients with early-stage breast cancer than in those with locally advanced or metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Palmieri
- Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Department of Cancer Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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Garland CF, Garland FC, Gorham ED, Lipkin M, Newmark H, Mohr SB, Holick MF. The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention. Am J Public Health 2005; 96:252-61. [PMID: 16380576 PMCID: PMC1470481 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2004.045260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 658] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D status differs by latitude and race, with residents of the northeastern United States and individuals with more skin pigmentation being at increased risk of deficiency. A PubMed database search yielded 63 observational studies of vitamin D status in relation to cancer risk, including 30 of colon, 13 of breast, 26 of prostate, and 7 of ovarian cancer, and several that assessed the association of vitamin D receptor genotype with cancer risk. The majority of studies found a protective relationship between sufficient vitamin D status and lower risk of cancer. The evidence suggests that efforts to improve vitamin D status, for example by vitamin D supplementation, could reduce cancer incidence and mortality at low cost, with few or no adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric F Garland
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, 0631C, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0631, USA.
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Haworth CS, Selby PL, Horrocks AW, Mawer EB, Adams JE, Webb AK. A prospective study of change in bone mineral density over one year in adults with cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2002; 57:719-23. [PMID: 12149534 PMCID: PMC1746411 DOI: 10.1136/thorax.57.8.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low bone mineral density (BMD) is prevalent in adults with cystic fibrosis. To identify appropriate therapeutic strategies and the optimal time for intervention, it is necessary to document the natural history of cystic fibrosis related low BMD. METHODS 114 adults with cystic fibrosis underwent bone densitometry a median (25-75% interquartile range) of 12 (12-13) months after initial assessment of bone density. BMD was measured in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and distal forearm on recruitment to the trial and at follow up. RESULTS In patients <or=24 years of age (n=55, mean (SD) age 19.5 (2.6) years) in whom an annual increase in BMD would normally be expected, BMD increased by a mean (95% CI) 2.9% (1.6 to 4.2) per year in the distal forearm (p<0.001), but decreased by 2.5% (95% CI -3.8 to -1.2) per year in the femoral neck (p<0.001) and by 2.2% (95% CI -3.3 to -1.0) per year in the total hip (p<0.001). In patients >or=25 years of age (n=59, mean (SD) age 30.3 (5.4) years) in whom no annual change in BMD would normally be expected, BMD decreased by 1.9% (95% CI -2.9 to -0.8) per year in the femoral neck (p<0.001), by 1.5% (95% CI -2.4 to -0.6) per year in the total hip (p=0.001), and by 0.8% (95% CI -1.5 to -0.1) per year in the distal forearm (p=0.026). There was no significant annual change in lumbar spine BMD in either patient cohort. CONCLUSIONS Reduced rates of bone accretion and accelerated rates of bone loss explain the high prevalence of low BMD in adults with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Haworth
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, South Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
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Haworth CS, Selby PL, Webb AK, Dodd ME, Musson H, McL Niven R, Economou G, Horrocks AW, Freemont AJ, Mawer EB, Adams JE. Low bone mineral density in adults with cystic fibrosis. Thorax 1999; 54:961-7. [PMID: 10525552 PMCID: PMC1745400 DOI: 10.1136/thx.54.11.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cystic fibrosis have several risk factors for the development of low bone mineral density (BMD). To identify the prevalence and clinical correlates of low BMD in adult patients with cystic fibrosis, densitometry was performed in 151 patients (83 men) aged 15-52 years. METHODS BMD was measured in the lumbar spine (L1-4) using dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT). It was also measured in the proximal femur (total hip and femoral neck) using DXA, and in the distal and ultra distal forearm using single energy x ray absorptiometry (SXA). Biochemical markers of bone turnover, vitamin D levels, parathyroid hormone levels, and a variety of anthropometric variables were also assessed. RESULTS The mean (SD) BMD Z score was -0.73 (0.85) in the distal forearm, -0.31 (0.92) in the ultra distal forearm, -1.21 (1. 18) in the lumbar spine using DXA, -0.56 (1.36) in the lumbar spine using QCT, -1.25 (1.30) in the femoral neck, and -1.01 (1.14) in the total hip. 34% of patients had a BMD Z score of -2 or less at one or more skeletal sites. Body mass index (0.527, p = 0.01), percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (0.388, p = 0.01), and physical activity (0.249, p = 0.05) were positively related to the mean BMD Z score. Levels of C reactive protein (-0.328, p = 0. 01), parathyroid hormone (-0.311, p = 0.01) and biochemical markers of bone turnover (osteocalcin -0.261 and bone specific alkaline phosphatase -0.249, p = 0.05) were negatively related to the mean BMD Z score. Vitamin D insufficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D <15 ng/ml) was prevalent (53/139 patients, 38%) despite supplementation with 900 IU vitamin D per day. CONCLUSIONS Low bone density is prevalent in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Current levels of vitamin D supplementation appear to be inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Haworth
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
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