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Pepinsky B, Gong BJ, Gao Y, Lehmann A, Ferrant J, Amatucci J, Sun Y, Bush M, Walz T, Pederson N, Cameron T, Wen D. A Prodomain Fragment from the Proteolytic Activation of Growth Differentiation Factor 11 Remains Associated with the Mature Growth Factor and Keeps It Soluble. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4405-4418. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Blake Pepinsky
- Department
of Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bang-Jian Gong
- Department
of Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yan Gao
- Department
of Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andreas Lehmann
- Department
of Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Janine Ferrant
- Department
of Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joseph Amatucci
- Department
of Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yaping Sun
- Department
of Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Martin Bush
- Laboratory
of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Walz
- Laboratory
of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Nels Pederson
- Department
of Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Thomas Cameron
- Department
of Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Dingyi Wen
- Department
of Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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Chapman C, Cree L, Shelling AN. The genetics of premature ovarian failure: current perspectives. Int J Womens Health 2015; 7:799-810. [PMID: 26445561 PMCID: PMC4590549 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s64024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common cause of infertility in women, characterized by amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, and elevated gonadotropin levels in women under the age of 40. Many genes have been identified over the past few years that contribute to the development of POF. However, few genes have been identified that can explain a substantial proportion of cases of POF. The unbiased approaches of genome-wide association studies and next-generation sequencing technologies have identified several novel genes implicated in POF. As only a small proportion of genes influencing idiopathic POF have been identified thus far, it remains to be determined how many genes and molecular pathways may influence idiopathic POF development. However, owing to POF’s diverse etiology and genetic heterogeneity, we expect to see the contribution of several new and novel molecular pathways that will greatly enhance our understanding of the regulation of ovarian function. Future genetic studies in large cohorts of well-defined, unrelated, idiopathic POF patients will provide a great opportunity to identify the missing heritability of idiopathic POF. The identification of several causative genes may allow for early detection and would provide better opportunity for early intervention, and furthermore, the identification of specific gene defects will help direct potential targets for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chevy Chapman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lynsey Cree
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew N Shelling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Kim Y, Kim JS, Song MS, Seo HS, Kim JC, Bae CS, Kim S, Shin T, Kim SH, Moon C. The expression and localization of inhibin isotypes in mouse testis during postnatal development. J Vet Sci 2009; 9:345-9. [PMID: 19043308 PMCID: PMC2811774 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.4.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibin, which is important for normal gonadal function, acts on the pituitary gonadotropins to suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. The level and cellular localization of the inhibin isotypes, α, βA and βB, in the testis of mice were examined during postnatal development in order to determine if inhibin expression is related to testicular maturation. Mouse testes were sampled on postnatal days (PNDs) 1, 3, 6, 18, 48 and 120, and analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Western blot analysis showed very low levels of inhibin α, βA and βB expression in the testes at days 1 to 6 after birth. The levels then increased gradually from PND 18 to 48-120, and there were significant peaks at PND 48. Inhibin α, βA and βB were detected in testicular cells during postnatal development using immunohistochemistry. The immunoreactivity of inhibin α was rarely observed in testicular cells during PND 1 to 6, or in the cytoplasmic process of Sertoli cells surrounding the germ cells and interstitial cells during PND 18 to 120. Inhibin βA and βB immunoreactivity was rarely observed in the testis from PND 1 to 6. On the other hand, it was observed in some spermatogonial cells, as well as in the interstitial space between PND 48 and PND 120. We conclude that the expression of inhibin isotypes increases progressively in the testis of mice with increasing postnatal age, suggesting that inhibin is associated with a negative feedback signal for FSH in testicular maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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Bernard DJ, Woodruff TK, Plant TM. Cloning of a novel inhibin alpha cDNA from rhesus monkey testis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2004; 2:71. [PMID: 15471543 PMCID: PMC526212 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-2-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 10/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibins are dimeric gonadal protein hormones that negatively regulate pituitary FSH synthesis and secretion. Inhibin B is produced by testicular Sertoli cells and is the primary circulating form of inhibin in most adult male mammals. Inhibin B is comprised of the inhibin alpha subunit disulfide-linked to the inhibin/activin betaB subunit. Here we describe the cloning of the cDNAs encoding these subunits from adult rhesus monkey testis RNA. METHODS The subunit cDNAs were cloned by a combination of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) RT-PCR from adult rhesus monkey testis RNA. RESULTS Both the inhibin alpha and betaB subunit nucleotide and predicted protein sequences are highly conserved with other mammalian species, particularly with humans. During the course of these investigations, a novel inhibin alpha mRNA isoform was also identified. This form, referred to as rhesus monkey inhibin alpha-variant 2, appears to derive from both alternative transcription initiation as well as alternative splicing. rmInhibin alpha-variant 2 is comprised of a novel 5' exon (exon 0), which is spliced in-frame with exon 2 of the conventional inhibin alpha isoforms (variant 1). Exon 1 is skipped in its entirety such that the pro-alpha and part of the alpha N regions are not included in the predicted protein. rmInhibin alpha-variant 2 is of relatively low abundance and its biological function has not yet been ascertained. CONCLUSION The data show that the predicted inhibin B protein is very similar between monkeys and humans. Therefore, studies in monkeys using recombinant human inhibins are likely to reflect actions of the homologous ligands. In addition, we have observed the first inhibin alpha subunit mRNA variant. It is possible that variants will be observed in other species as well and this may lead to novel insights into inhibin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Bernard
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council and The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Teresa K Woodruff
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tony M Plant
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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