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De Nicola AF, Meyer M, Garay L, Kruse MS, Schumacher M, Guennoun R, Gonzalez Deniselle MC. Progesterone and Allopregnanolone Neuroprotective Effects in the Wobbler Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:23-40. [PMID: 34138412 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone regulates a number of processes in neurons and glial cells not directly involved in reproduction or sex behavior. Several neuroprotective effects are better observed under pathological conditions, as shown in the Wobbler mouse model of amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS). Wobbler mice are characterized by forelimb atrophy due to motoneuron degeneration in the spinal cord, and include microgliosis and astrogliosis. Here we summarized current evidence on progesterone reversal of Wobbler neuropathology. We demonstrated that progesterone decreased motoneuron vacuolization with preservation of mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity, decreased mitochondrial expression and activity of nitric oxide synthase, increased Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase, stimulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor, increased the cholinergic phenotype of motoneurons, and enhanced survival with a concomitant decrease of death-related pathways. Progesterone also showed differential effects on glial cells, including increased oligodendrocyte density and downregulation of astrogliosis and microgliosis. These changes associate with reduced anti-inflammatory markers. The enhanced neurochemical parameters were accompanied by longer survival and increased muscle strength in tests of motor behavior. Because progesterone is locally metabolized to allopregnanolone (ALLO) in nervous tissues, we also studied neuroprotection by this derivative. Treatment of Wobbler mice with ALLO decreased oxidative stress and glial pathology, increased motoneuron viability and clinical outcome in a progesterone-like manner, suggesting that ALLO could mediate some progesterone effects in the spinal cord. In conclusion, the beneficial effects observed in different parameters support the versatile properties of progesterone and ALLO in a mouse model of motoneuron degeneration. The studies foresee future therapeutic opportunities with neuroactive steroids for deadly diseases like ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F De Nicola
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Meyer
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Garay
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Sol Kruse
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Schumacher
- U1195 INSERM and University Paris Sud "Neuroprotective, Neuroregenerative and Remyelinating Small Molecules, 94276, Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Rachida Guennoun
- U1195 INSERM and University Paris Sud "Neuroprotective, Neuroregenerative and Remyelinating Small Molecules, 94276, Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Maria Claudia Gonzalez Deniselle
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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GDNF pretreatment overcomes Schwann cell phenotype mismatch to promote motor axon regeneration via sensory graft. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:258-266. [PMID: 31100319 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the clinic, severe motor nerve injury is commonly repaired by autologous sensory nerve bridging, but the ability of Schwann cells (SCs) in sensory nerves to support motor neuron axon growth is poor due to phenotype mismatch. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that sensory-derived SCs overcome phenotypic mismatch-induced growth inhibition after pretreatment with exogenous glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and induce motor neuron axonal growth. Thus, we introduced a novel staging surgery: In the first stage of surgery, the denervated sensory nerve was pretreated with sustained-release GDNF, which was encapsulated into a self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold (SAPNS) RADA-16I in the donor area in vivo. In the second stage of surgery, the pretreated sensory grafts were transplanted to repair motor nerve injury. Motor axon regeneration and remyelination and muscle functional recovery after the second surgery was compared to those in the control groups. The expression of genes previously shown to be differently expressed in motor and sensory SCs was also analyzed in pretreated sensory grafts by qRT-PCR to explore possible changes after exogenous GDNF application. Exogenous GDNF acted directly on the denervated sensory nerve graft in vivo, increasing the expression of endogenous GDNF and sensory SC-derived marker brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). After transplantation to repair motor nerve injury, exogenous GDNF pretreatment promoted the regeneration and remyelination of proximal motor axons and the recovery of muscle function. Further research into how phenotype, gene expression and changes in neurotrophic factors in SCs are affected by GDNF will help us design more effective methods to treat peripheral nerve injury.
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Wu H, Hu M, Yuan D, Wu H, Wang Y, Wang J, Li T, Qian C, Yu H. Electroacupuncture promotes the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells and oligodendrocytes in the injured spinal cord of adult rats. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1138-44. [PMID: 25722706 PMCID: PMC4340030 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.15.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A contusive model of spinal cord injury at spinal segment T8-9 was established in rats. Huantiao (GB30) and Huatuojiaji (Ex-B05) were punctured with needles, and endogenous neural stem cells were labeled with 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and NG2. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that electroacupuncture markedly increased the numbers of BrdU+/NG2+ cells at spinal cord tissue 15 mm away from the injury center in the rostral and caudal directions. The results suggest that electroacupuncture promotes the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells and oligodendrocytes in rats with spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wu
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Min Hu
- Kunming University, Kunming 650118, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Dekai Yuan
- Kunming University, Kunming 650118, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Haiying Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yunhui Wang
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chuanyun Qian
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hualin Yu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
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Wang H, Pan S, Yang X, Zhu B, Wang D. Oxidative phosphorylated neurofilament protein M protects spinal cord against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1672-7. [PMID: 25374588 PMCID: PMC4211187 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.141803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that neurofilament protein M expression is upregulated in the early stage of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, indicating that this protein may play a role in the injury process. In the present study, we compared protein expression in spinal cord tissue of rabbits after 25 minutes of ischemia followed by 0, 12, 24, or 48 hours of reperfusion with that of sham operated rabbits, using proteomic two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. In addition, the nerve repair-related neurofilament protein M with the unregulated expression was detected with immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry showed that, compared with the sham group, upregulation of protein expression was most significant in the spinal cords of rabbits that had undergone ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that neurofilament protein M was located in the membrane and cytoplasm of neuronal soma and axons at each time point after injury. Western blot analysis showed that neurofilament protein M expression increased with reperfusion time until it peaked at 24 hours and returned to baseline level after 48 hours. Furthermore, neurofilament protein M is phosphorylated under oxidative stress, and expression changes were parallel for the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms. Neurofilament protein M plays an important role in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, and its functions are achieved through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province, China
| | - Su Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Benqing Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Dalin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province, China
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Liu DY, Shen XM, Yuan FF, Guo OY, Zhong Y, Chen JG, Zhu LQ, Wu J. The Physiology of BDNF and Its Relationship with ADHD. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1467-1476. [PMID: 25354496 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a major neurotrophin in the central nervous system that plays a critical role in the physiological brain functions via its two independent receptors: tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) and p75, especially in the neurodevelopment. Disrupting of BDNF and its downstream signals has been found in many neuropsychological diseases, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common mental disorder which is prevalent in childhood. Understanding the physiological functions of BDNF during neural development and its potential relationship with ADHD will help us to elucidate the possible mechanisms of ADHD and to develop therapeutic approaches for this disease. In this review, we summarized the important literatures for the physiological functions of BDNF in the neurodevelopment. We also performed an association study on the functional genetic variation of BDNF and ADHD by a case-control study in the Chinese mainland population and revealed the potential correlation between BDNF and ADHD which needs further research to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Yi Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Fen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ou-Yang Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Child Health Care, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Xie F, Zhang JC, Fu H, Chen J. Age-related decline of myelin proteins is highly correlated with activation of astrocytes and microglia in the rat CNS. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1021-8. [PMID: 24026164 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that aging can greatly influence the integrity and ultrastructure of white matter and the myelin sheath; however, studies regarding the effects of aging on the expression of myelin proteins are still limited. In the present study, immunohistochemical mapping was used to investigate the overall expression of myelin basic protein (Mbp) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (Mog) in the central nervous system (CNS) of rats in postnatal months 2, 5, 18 and 26. Astrocyte and microglia activation was also detected by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) staining and western blotting. A significant decline of Mbp and Mog was identified as a universal alteration in the CNS of aged rats. Aging also induced significant astrocyte and microglial activation. Correlation analysis indicated a negative correlation between the reduction of age‑related myelin proteins and glial activation in aging. This correlation of myelin breakdown and glial activation in aging may reveal new evidence in connecting the inflammation and myelin breakdown mechanism of age‑related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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Tanaka S, Nakakura T, Jansen EJR, Unno K, Okada R, Suzuki M, Martens GJM, Kikuyama S. Angiogenesis in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland alters its structure and function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 185:10-8. [PMID: 23376532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The pars distalis (PD) and the pars intermedia (PI) have the same embryonic origin, but their morphological and functional characteristics diverge during development. The PD is highly vascularized, whereas the highly innervated PI is essentially non-vascularized. Based on our previous finding that vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is involved in vascularization of the rat PD, attempt was made to generate transgenic Xenopus expressing VEGF-A specifically in the melanotrope cells of the PI as a model system for studying the significance of vascularization or avascularization for the functional differentiation of the pituitary. The PI of the transgenic frogs, examined after metamorphosis, were distinctly vascularized but poorly innervated. The experimentally induced vascularization in the PI resulted in a marked increase in tissue volume and a decrease in the expression of both alpha-melanophore-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and prohormone convertase 2, a cleavage enzyme essential for generating α-MSH. The transgenic animals had low plasma α-MSH concentrations and displayed incomplete adaptation to a black background. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that experimentally induced angiogenesis in the PI may bring about functional as well as structural alterations in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyasu Tanaka
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Meyer M, Gonzalez Deniselle MC, Gargiulo-Monachelli G, Lima A, Roig P, Guennoun R, Schumacher M, De Nicola AF. Progesterone attenuates several hippocampal abnormalities of the Wobbler mouse. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:235-43. [PMID: 23157231 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is now recognised that progesterone plays a protective role for diseases of the central nervous system. In the Wobbler mouse, a model of motoneurone degeneration, progesterone treatment prevents spinal cord neuropathology and clinical progression of the disease. However, neuropathological and functional abnormalities have also been discovered in the brain of Wobbler mice and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The present study examined the hippocampus of control and afflicted Wobbler mice and the changes in response to progesterone treatment. Mice received either a single progesterone implant (20 mg for 18 days). We found that the hippocampal pathology of the untreated Wobblers involved a decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA, decreased astrogliosis in the stratum lucidum, stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum-moleculare, decreased doublecortin (DCX)-positive neuroblasts in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and a decreased density of GABA immunoreactive hippocampal interneurones and granule cells of the dentate gyrus. Although progesterone did not change the normal parameters of control mice, it attenuated several hippocampal abnormalities in Wobblers. Thus, progesterone increased hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression, decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes and increased the number of GABAergic interneurones and granule cells. The number of DCX expressing neuroblasts and immature neurones remained impaired in both progesterone-treated and untreated Wobblers. In conclusion, progesterone treatment exerted beneficial effects on some aspects of hippocampal neuropathology, suggesting its neuroprotective role in the brain, in agreement with previous data obtained in the spinal cord of Wobbler mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meyer
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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The retrograde delivery of adenovirus vector carrying the gene for brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects neurons and oligodendrocytes from apoptosis in the chronically compressed spinal cord of twy/twy mice. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012; 37:2125-35. [PMID: 22648027 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3182600ef7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN The twy/twy mouse undergoes spontaneous chronic mechanical compression of the spinal cord; this in vivo model system was used to examine the effects of retrograde adenovirus (adenoviral vector [AdV])-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene delivery to spinal neural cells. OBJECTIVE To investigate the targeting and potential neuroprotective effect of retrograde AdV-mediated BDNF gene transfection in the chronically compressed spinal cord in terms of prevention of apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Several studies have investigated the neuroprotective effects of neurotrophins, including BDNF, in spinal cord injury. However, no report has described the effects of retrograde neurotrophic factor gene delivery in compressed spinal cords, including gene targeting and the potential to prevent neural cell apoptosis. METHODS AdV-BDNF or AdV-LacZ (as a control gene) was injected into the bilateral sternomastoid muscles of 18-week old twy/twy mice for retrograde gene delivery via the spinal accessory motor neurons. Heterozygous Institute of Cancer Research mice (+/twy), which do not undergo spontaneous spinal compression, were used as a control for the effects of such compression on gene delivery. The localization and cell specificity of β-galactosidase expression (produced by LacZ gene transfection) and BDNF expression in the spinal cord were examined by coimmunofluorescence staining for neural cell markers (NeuN, neurons; reactive immunology protein, oligodendrocytes; glial fibrillary acidic protein, astrocytes; OX-42, microglia) 4 weeks after gene injection. The possible neuroprotection afforded by retrograde AdV-BDNF gene delivery versus AdV-LacZ-transfected control mice was assessed by scoring the prevalence of apoptotic cells (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive cells) and immunoreactivity to active caspases -3, -8, and -9, p75, neurofilament 200 kD (NF), and for the oligodendroglial progenitor marker, NG2. RESULTS.: Four weeks after injection, the retrograde delivery of the LacZ marker gene was identified in cervical spinal neurons and some glial cells, including oligodendrocytes in the white matter of the spinal cord, in both the twy/twy mouse and the heterozygous Institute of Cancer Research mouse (+/twy). In the compressed spinal cord of twy/twy mouse, AdV-BDNF gene transfection resulted in a significant decrease in the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive cells present in the spinal cord and a downregulation in the caspase apoptotic pathway compared with AdV-LacZ (control) gene transfection. There was a marked and significant increase in the areas of the spinal cord of AdV-BDNF-injected mice that were NF- and NG2-immunopositive compared with AdV-LacZ-injected mice, indicating the increased presence of neurons and oligodendrocytes in response to BDNF transfection. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that targeted retrograde BDNF gene delivery suppresses apoptosis in neurons and oligodendrocytes in the chronically compressed spinal cord of twy/twy mouse. Further work is required to establish whether this method of gene delivery may provide neuroprotective effects in other situations of compressive spinal cord injury.
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Tian X, Wang S, Zhang Z, Lv D. Rat bone marrow-derived Schwann-like cells differentiated by the optimal inducers combination on microfluidic chip and their functional performance. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42804. [PMID: 22880114 PMCID: PMC3411850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous researches demonstrated the possibility of derivation of Schwann-like (SC-like) cells in vitro from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). However, the concentration of the induce factors were different in those studies, especially for the critical factors forskolin (FSK) and β-heregulin (HRG). Here, we used a new and useful method to build an integrated microfluidic chip for rapid analyses of the optimal combination between the induce factors FSK and HRG. The microfluidic device was mainly composed of an upstream concentration gradient generator (CGG) and a downstream cell culture module. Rat BMSCs were cultured in the cell chambers for 11 days at the different concentrations of induce factors generated by CGG. The result of immunofluorescence staining on-chip showed that the group of 4.00 µM FSK and 250.00 ng/ml HRG presented an optimal effect to promote the derivation of SC-like cells. Moreover, the optimal SC-like cells obtained on-chip were further tested using DRG co-culture and ELISA to detect their functional performance. Our findings demonstrate that SC-like cells could be obtained with high efficiency and functional performance in the optimal inducers combination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (DCL); (SYW)
| | | | - Decheng Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (DCL); (SYW)
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Meyer M, Gonzalez Deniselle M, Gargiulo-Monachelli G, Garay L, Schumacher M, Guennoun R, De Nicola A. Progesterone effects on neuronal brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cells during progression of Wobbler mouse neurodegeneration. Neuroscience 2012; 201:267-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Jenks BG, Galas L, Kuribara M, Desrues L, Kidane AH, Vaudry H, Scheenen WJJM, Roubos EW, Tonon MC. Analysis of the melanotrope cell neuroendocrine interface in two amphibian species, Rana ridibunda and Xenopus laevis: a celebration of 35 years of collaborative research. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 170:57-67. [PMID: 20888821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of the functioning of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal neuroendocrine interface in the pituitary neurointermediate lobe, as it relates to melanotrope cell function in two amphibian species, Rana ridibunda and Xenopus laevis. It primarily but not exclusively concerns the work of two collaborating laboratories, the Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Neuroendocrinology (University of Rouen, France) and the Department of Cellular Animal Physiology (Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands). In the course of this review it will become apparent that Rana and Xenopus have, for the most part, developed the same or similar strategies to regulate the release of α-melanophore-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). The review concludes by highlighting the molecular and cellular mechanisms utilized by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to activate Rana melanotrope cells and the function of autocrine brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the regulation of Xenopus melanotrope cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Jenks
- Department of Cellular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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van Wijk DCWA, Meijer KH, Roubos EW. Ultrastructural and neurochemical architecture of the pituitary neural lobe of Xenopus laevis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 168:293-301. [PMID: 20067800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The melanotrope cell in the amphibian pituitary pars intermedia is a model to study fundamental aspects of neuroendocrine integration. They release alpha-melanophore-stimulating hormone (alphaMSH), under the control of a large number of neurochemical signals derived from various brain centers. In Xenopus laevis, most of these signals are produced in the hypothalamic magnocellular nucleus (Mg) and are probably released from neurohemal axon terminals in the pituitary neural lobe, to stimulate alphaMSH-release, causing skin darkening. The presence in the neural lobe of at least eight stimulatory factors implicated in melanotrope cell control has led us to investigate the ultrastructural architecture of this neurohemal organ, with particular attention to the diversity of neurohemal axon terminals and their neurochemical contents. Using regular electron microscopy, we here distinguish six types of neurohemal axon terminal, on the basis of the size, shape and electron-density of their secretory granule contents. Subsequently, we have identified the neurochemical contents of these terminal types by immuno-electron microscopy and antisera raised against not only the 'classical' neurohormones vasotocin and mesotocin but also brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide, corticotropin-releasing factor, metenkephalin, pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and urocortin-1. This has revealed that each terminal type possesses a unique set of neurochemical messengers, containing at least four, but in some cases up to eight messengers. These results reveal the potential of the Mg/neural lobe system to release a wide variety of neurochemical messengers in a partly co-ordinated and partly differential way to control melanotrope cell activity as well as ion and water balance regulatory organs, in response to various, continuously changing, environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C W A van Wijk
- Department of Cellular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, EURON, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Casalbore P, Barone I, Felsani A, D'Agnano I, Michetti F, Maira G, Cenciarelli C. Neural stem cells modified to express BDNF antagonize trimethyltin-induced neurotoxicity through PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase pathways. J Cell Physiol 2010; 224:710-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Targeted retrograde gene delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor suppresses apoptosis of neurons and oligodendroglia after spinal cord injury in rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2010; 35:497-504. [PMID: 20190624 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181b8e89b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Histologic and immunohistochemical studies after targeted retrograde adenovirus (AdV)-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene delivery via intramuscular injection in rats with injured spinal cord. OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effect of targeted retrograde AdV-BDNF gene transfection in the traumatically injured spinal cord in terms of prevention of apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Several studies investigated the neuroprotective effects of neurotrophins including BDNF on spinal cord injury, with respect to prevention of neural cell apoptosis in injured spinal cord. However, no report has described the potential effect of targeted retrograde neurotrophic factor gene delivery in injured spinal cord on prevention of neural cell apoptosis. METHODS AdV-BDNF or AdV-LacZ was used for retrograde delivery via bilateral sternomastoid muscles to the spinal accessory motoneurons immediately after spinal cord injury in rats. Localization of beta-galactosidase expression produced by LacZ gene or AdV-BDNF gene transfection was examined by immunofluorescence staining and double staining of cell markers (NeuN, RIP, GFAP, OX-42, and NG2) in the injured spinal cord. TUNEL-positive cells were counted and immunoreactivity to active caspase-3 and NG2 was examined after gene injection. RESULTS Retrograde delivery of LacZ marker gene was identified in cervical spinal neurons and glial cells including oligodendrocytes in the white matter.AdV-BDNF transfection resulted in a significant decrease in the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells by downregulating the caspase apoptotic pathway, with significant promotion of NG2 expression in injured spinal cord, compared with AdV-LacZ injection. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that targeted retrograde BDNF gene delivery suppresses apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes in the injured rat spinal cord.
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Kramer F, Stöver T, Warnecke A, Diensthuber M, Lenarz T, Wissel K. BDNF mRNA expression is significantly upregulated in vestibular schwannomas and correlates with proliferative activity. J Neurooncol 2009; 98:31-9. [PMID: 19937367 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-0063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The expression of neurotrophic factors, such as artemin, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurturin, transforming growth factors (TGF)-beta1/beta2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is enhanced in vestibular schwannomas compared to peripheral nerves. Furthermore, this upregulation may correlate with mitotic activity. Vestibular schwannoma arising from Schwann cells of the vestibular nerve are mostly benign and slow-growing. Most of the pathogenic mechanisms regulating the vestibular schwannoma growth process are unknown. An impaired growth regulation and imbalance between mitosis and apoptosis can be assumed. However, molecular mechanisms interfering with regulation of the vestibular schwannoma growth also modulated by mitogenic factors have to be identified. Neurotrophic factors are involved in regulation of developmental processes in neuronal tissues and regeneration after peripheral nerve trauma and also reveal mitogenic effects on glial cell populations. Gene expression profiles of artemin, BDNF, GDNF, TGF-beta1/beta2 and Ret were determined in the vestibular schwannoma in comparison to the peripheral nerve tissues by using semiquantitative RT-PCR. The expression data were correlated to the proliferation-associated Ki-67 labelling index. A significant higher BDNF expression was observed in the vestibular schwannoma, whereas gene expression of artemin and GDNF was upregulated in peripheral nerves. The correlation between LI and BDNF, TGF-beta1 and Ret was found to be significant in the vestibular schwannoma. Our results demonstrate a coherence between BDNF expression and proliferative activity in the vestibular schwannoma. Based on these results, we propose a pivotal role for BDNF in modulating the vestibular schwannoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Kramer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Scheenen WJJM, Jansen EJR, Roubos EW, Martens GJM. Using transgenic animal models in neuroendocrine research: lessons from Xenopus laevis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1163:296-307. [PMID: 19456351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic animals are commonly employed to explore the function of individual proteins. Transgenic animal models include the mouse, the zebrafish, and the South African clawed toad Xenopus laevis. In contrast to mice and zebrafish, with Xenopus transgenesis DNA integration is mostly achieved in the one-cell stage. Moreover, Xenopus (as well as zebrafish) eggs are relatively large, the embryos are transparent, a large offspring is generated, and maintenance of the offspring is easy. In our transgenic studies in Xenopus, we focus on the well-characterized neuroendocrine melanotrope cells of the pituitary pars intermedia that are regulated during the process of adaptation of Xenopus to a changing environment. When the animal is placed on a black background, the melanotrope cells produce and process large amounts of the prohormone proopiomelanocortin (POMC). We apply stable melanotrope-specific transgenesis that is achieved by mixing a Xenopus POMC-promoter/transgene construct with sperm nuclei and injecting this mixture into unfertilized eggs. Since in the melanotrope cells the POMC promoter is much more active in black-adapted animals, the level of transgene expression can be manipulated by placing the animal on either a black or a white background. In this paper we review the possibilities of the Xenopus melanotrope-specific transgenic approach. Following a brief overview of the functioning of Xenopus melanotrope cells, stable melanotrope-specific transgenesis is discussed and our transgenic studies on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and secretory pathway components are described as examples of the transgenic approach in a physiological context and close to the in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J J M Scheenen
- Department of Cellular Animal Physiology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Radbound University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene delivery in an animal model of multiple sclerosis using bone marrow stem cells as a vehicle. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 210:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kidane AH, Heinrich G, Dirks RPH, de Ruyck BA, Lubsen NH, Roubos EW, Jenks BG. Differential neuroendocrine expression of multiple brain-derived neurotrophic factor transcripts. Endocrinology 2009; 150:1361-8. [PMID: 19008311 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin with important growth-promoting properties. We report here the first characterization of a BDNF gene in an amphibian, Xenopus laevis, and demonstrate that environmental factors can activate this gene in a promoter-specific fashion. The Xenopus BDNF gene contains six promoter-specific 5'-exons and one 3'-protein-encoding exon. We examined the expression of promoter-specific transcripts in Xenopus neuroendocrine melanotrope cells. These cells make a good model to study how environmental factors control gene expression. In animals placed on a black background melanotrope cells more actively produce and release alphaMSH than in animals on a white background. BDNF is cosequestered and coreleased with alphaMSH and stimulates biosynthesis of proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor protein for alphaMSH. Our analysis of the expression of the BDNF transcripts revealed that there is differential use of some BDNF promoters in melanotrope cells, depending on the adaptation state of the frog. During black-background adaptation, stimulation of expression of BDNF transcript IV preceded that of the POMC transcript, suggesting the BDNF gene is an effector gene for POMC expression. The possible mechanisms regulating expression of the various transcripts are discussed on the basis of the potential calcium- and cAMP-responsive elements in the promoter region of exon IV. Finally, we show that the upstream open reading frames of BDNF transcripts I and IV markedly decrease BDNF translation efficiency, giving the first indication for a functional role of untranslated BDNF exons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhanet H Kidane
- Department of Cellular Animal Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Flanagan SR, Cantor JB, Ashman TA. Traumatic brain injury: future assessment tools and treatment prospects. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2008; 4:877-92. [PMID: 19183780 PMCID: PMC2626927 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is widespread and leads to death and disability in millions of individuals around the world each year. Overall incidence and prevalence of TBI are likely to increase in absolute terms in the future. Tackling the problem of treating TBI successfully will require improvements in the understanding of normal cerebral anatomy, physiology, and function throughout the lifespan, as well as the pathological and recuperative responses that result from trauma. New treatment approaches and combinations will need to be targeted to the heterogeneous needs of TBI populations. This article explores and evaluates the research evidence in areas that will likely lead to a reduction in TBI-related morbidity and improved outcomes. These include emerging assessment instruments and techniques in areas of structural/chemical and functional neuroimaging and neuropsychology, advances in the realms of cell-based therapies and genetics, promising cognitive rehabilitation techniques including cognitive remediation and the use of electronic technologies including assistive devices and virtual reality, and the emerging field of complementary and alternative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Flanagan
- New York University School of Medicine, The Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation, New York, NY, USA.
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Schwann cell mediated trophic effects by differentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:2692-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sorensen A, Moffat K, Thomson C, Barnett SC. Astrocytes, but not olfactory ensheathing cells or Schwann cells, promote myelination of CNS axonsin vitro. Glia 2008; 56:750-63. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.20650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nakakura T, Suzuki M, Watanabe Y, Tanaka S. Possible Involvement of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the Innervation of Dopaminergic Neurons from the Rat Periventricular Nucleus to the Pars Intermedia. Zoolog Sci 2007; 24:1086-93. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.24.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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