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McNamara AV, Awais R, Momiji H, Dunham L, Featherstone K, Harper CV, Adamson AA, Semprini S, Jones NA, Spiller DG, Mullins JJ, Finkenstädt BF, Rand D, White MRH, Davis JRE. Transcription Factor Pit-1 Affects Transcriptional Timing in the Dual-Promoter Human Prolactin Gene. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6060060. [PMID: 33388754 PMCID: PMC7871365 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene transcription occurs in short bursts interspersed with silent periods, and these kinetics can be altered by promoter structure. The effect of alternate promoter architecture on transcription bursting is not known. We studied the human prolactin (hPRL) gene that contains 2 promoters, a pituitary-specific promoter that requires the transcription factor Pit-1 and displays dramatic transcriptional bursting activity and an alternate upstream promoter that is active in nonpituitary tissues. We studied large hPRL genomic fragments with luciferase reporters, and used bacterial artificial chromosome recombineering to manipulate critical promoter regions. Stochastic switch mathematical modelling of single-cell time-lapse luminescence image data revealed that the Pit-1-dependent promoter showed longer, higher-amplitude transcriptional bursts. Knockdown studies confirmed that the presence of Pit-1 stabilized and prolonged periods of active transcription. Pit-1 therefore plays an active role in establishing the timing of transcription cycles, in addition to its cell-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne V McNamara
- Systems Microscopy Centre, Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Raheela Awais
- School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hiroshi Momiji
- Mathematics Institute & Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology, and Infectious Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Senate House Coventry, UK
| | - Lee Dunham
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Featherstone
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire V Harper
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - Antony A Adamson
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sabrina Semprini
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas A Jones
- Systems Microscopy Centre, Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David G Spiller
- Systems Microscopy Centre, Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John J Mullins
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bärbel F Finkenstädt
- Mathematics Institute & Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology, and Infectious Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Senate House Coventry, UK
| | - David Rand
- Mathematics Institute & Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology, and Infectious Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Senate House Coventry, UK
| | - Michael R H White
- Systems Microscopy Centre, Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Correspondence: Professor Michael R. H. White, Systems Microscopy Centre, Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. E-mail: ; or Professor Julian R. E. Davis, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. E-mail:
| | - Julian R E Davis
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Correspondence: Professor Michael R. H. White, Systems Microscopy Centre, Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. E-mail: ; or Professor Julian R. E. Davis, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. E-mail:
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Ren L, Liu W, Wang C, Yang Y, Huang X, Wang C, Li Y. The ancient Chinese formula Longdan Xiegan Tang improves antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia by repairing the hypothalamic and pituitary TGF-β1 signaling in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112572. [PMID: 31940455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Antipsychotics often induce hyperprolactinemia. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 signaling in the pituitary and hypothalamus inhibits prolactin synthesis and secretion, and its impairment is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Longdan Xiegan Tang (LXT) alone or together with antipsychotics have been used to treat various neuropsychiatric diseases and hyperprolactinemia-associated disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of LXT on hyperprolactinemia and involvement of the TGF-beta1 signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were co-administered with olanzapine (5 mg/kg) and LXT extract (50 and 500 mg/kg) (p.o., × 8 weeks). Plasma concentrations of prolactin and TGF-beta1 were determined by ELISA. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Treatment of rats with LXT extract suppressed olanzapine-induced increase in plasma prolactin concentration and overexpression of pituitary and hypothalamic prolactin protein. Importantly, LXT restored olanzapine-induced decrease in protein expression of the key components of the TGF-beta1 signaling, TGF-beta1, type II TGF-beta receptor, type I TGF-beta receptor and phosphorylated SMAD3 in the pituitary and hypothalamus. Further, it antagonized downregulation of pituitary and hypothalamic dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) protein level, and inhibited pituitary estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ERbeta protein expression. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that LXT ameliorates antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia in rats by repairing the pituitary and hypothalamic TGF-beta1 signaling possibly via D2R, ERs or/and other pathways. Our findings may also provide scientific elucidation for use of the ancient Chinese formula to treat the impaired TGF-beta1 signaling-associated neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Wenqin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yifan Yang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - Xiaoqian Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
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Li C, Xie W, Rosenblum JS, Zhou J, Guo J, Miao Y, Shen Y, Wang H, Gong L, Li M, Zhao S, Cheng S, Zhu H, Jiang T, Ling S, Wang F, Zhang H, Zhang M, Qu Y, Zhang Q, Li G, Wang J, Ma J, Zhuang Z, Zhang Y. Somatic SF3B1 hotspot mutation in prolactinomas. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2506. [PMID: 32427851 PMCID: PMC7237453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis and corresponding clinical relevance of prolactinomas remain poorly understood. Here, we perform whole genome sequencing (WGS) on 21 patients with prolactinomas to detect somatic mutations and then validate the mutations with digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of tissue samples from 227 prolactinomas. We identify the same hotspot somatic mutation in splicing factor 3 subunit B1 (SF3B1R625H) in 19.8% of prolactinomas. These patients with mutant prolactinomas display higher prolactin (PRL) levels (p = 0.02) and shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.02) compared to patients without the mutation. Moreover, we identify that the SF3B1R625H mutation causes aberrant splicing of estrogen related receptor gamma (ESRRG), which results in stronger binding of pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1 (Pit-1), leading to excessive PRL secretion. Thus our study validates an important mutation and elucidates a potential mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of prolactinomas that may lead to the development of targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuzhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
- Brain Tumor Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Weiyan Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jared S Rosenblum
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jianyu Zhou
- Bioinformatics Division, Department of Computer Science and Technology, BNRIST, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yazhou Miao
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yutao Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Sida Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Sen Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Bioinformatics Division, Department of Computer Science and Technology, BNRIST, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Shiying Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Mingshan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yanming Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neuroimaging, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Brain Tumor Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100070, China.
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Dunham LSS, Momiji H, Harper CV, Downton PJ, Hey K, McNamara A, Featherstone K, Spiller DG, Rand DA, Finkenstädt B, White MRH, Davis JRE. Asymmetry between Activation and Deactivation during a Transcriptional Pulse. Cell Syst 2017; 5:646-653.e5. [PMID: 29153839 PMCID: PMC5747351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcription in eukaryotic cells occurs in gene-specific bursts or pulses of activity. Recent studies identified a spectrum of transcriptionally active “on-states,” interspersed with periods of inactivity, but these “off-states” and the process of transcriptional deactivation are poorly understood. To examine what occurs during deactivation, we investigate the dynamics of switching between variable rates. We measured live single-cell expression of luciferase reporters from human growth hormone or human prolactin promoters in a pituitary cell line. Subsequently, we applied a statistical variable-rate model of transcription, validated by single-molecule FISH, to estimate switching between transcriptional rates. Under the assumption that transcription can switch to any rate at any time, we found that transcriptional activation occurs predominantly as a single switch, whereas deactivation occurs with graded, stepwise decreases in transcription rate. Experimentally altering cAMP signalling with forskolin or chromatin remodelling with histone deacetylase inhibitor modifies the duration of defined transcriptional states. Our findings reveal transcriptional activation and deactivation as mechanistically independent, asymmetrical processes. Gene transcription switches between variable rates Single-cell microscopy and mathematical modeling quantifies switch dynamics We observe an asymmetry in the activation/deactivation of transcriptional bursts
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee S S Dunham
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hiroshi Momiji
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4, 7AL, UK
| | - Claire V Harper
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Polly J Downton
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kirsty Hey
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Anne McNamara
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Karen Featherstone
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David G Spiller
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David A Rand
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4, 7AL, UK
| | | | - Michael R H White
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Julian R E Davis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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