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Wei C, Cai X, Diao S, Teng J, Xu Z, Zhang W, Zeng H, Zhong Z, Wu X, Gao Y, Li J, Zhang Z. Integrating genome-wide association study with multi-tissue transcriptome analysis provides insights into the genetic architecture of teat traits in pigs. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:795-798. [PMID: 37453676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaodian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jinyan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhiting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Haonan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhanming Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xibo Wu
- Guangxi State Farms Yongxin Animal Husbandry Group Co. Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi 530022, China
| | - Yahui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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Golding AP, Ferrier B, New LA, Lu P, Martin CE, Shata E, Jones RA, Moorehead RA, Jones N. Distinct Requirements for Adaptor Proteins NCK1 and NCK2 in Mammary Gland Development. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:19. [PMID: 37479911 PMCID: PMC10361900 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptor proteins NCK1 and NCK2 are well-established signalling nodes that regulate diverse biological processes including cell proliferation and actin dynamics in many tissue types. Here we have investigated the distribution and function of Nck1 and Nck2 in the developing mouse mammary gland. Using publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data, we uncovered distinct expression profiles between the two paralogs. Nck1 showed widespread expression in luminal, basal, stromal and endothelial cells, while Nck2 was restricted to luminal and basal cells, with prominent enrichment in hormone-sensing luminal subtypes. Next, using mice with global knockout of Nck1 or Nck2, we assessed mammary gland development during and after puberty (5, 8 and 12 weeks of age). Mice lacking Nck1 or Nck2 displayed significant defects in ductal outgrowth and branching at 5 weeks compared to controls, and the defects persisted in Nck2 knockout mice at 8 weeks before normalizing at 12 weeks. These defects were accompanied by an increase in epithelial cell proliferation at 5 weeks and a decrease at 8 weeks in both Nck1 and Nck2 knockout mice. We also profiled expression of several key genes associated with mammary gland development at these timepoints and detected temporal changes in transcript levels of hormone receptors as well as effectors of cell proliferation and migration in Nck1 and Nck2 knockout mice, in line with the distinct phenotypes observed at 5 and 8 weeks. Together these studies reveal a requirement for NCK proteins in mammary gland morphogenesis, and suggest that deregulation of Nck expression could drive breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Golding
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ferrier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Laura A New
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Peihua Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Claire E Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Present address: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erka Shata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Robert A Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Roger A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nina Jones
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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3
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Hoffmann M, Trummer N, Schwartz L, Jankowski J, Lee HK, Willruth LL, Lazareva O, Yuan K, Baumgarten N, Schmidt F, Baumbach J, Schulz MH, Blumenthal DB, Hennighausen L, List M. TF-Prioritizer: a Java pipeline to prioritize condition-specific transcription factors. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad026. [PMID: 37132521 PMCID: PMC10155229 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic gene expression is controlled by cis-regulatory elements (CREs), including promoters and enhancers, which are bound by transcription factors (TFs). Differential expression of TFs and their binding affinity at putative CREs determine tissue- and developmental-specific transcriptional activity. Consolidating genomic datasets can offer further insights into the accessibility of CREs, TF activity, and, thus, gene regulation. However, the integration and analysis of multimodal datasets are hampered by considerable technical challenges. While methods for highlighting differential TF activity from combined chromatin state data (e.g., chromatin immunoprecipitation [ChIP], ATAC, or DNase sequencing) and RNA sequencing data exist, they do not offer convenient usability, have limited support for large-scale data processing, and provide only minimal functionality for visually interpreting results. RESULTS We developed TF-Prioritizer, an automated pipeline that prioritizes condition-specific TFs from multimodal data and generates an interactive web report. We demonstrated its potential by identifying known TFs along with their target genes, as well as previously unreported TFs active in lactating mouse mammary glands. Additionally, we studied a variety of ENCODE datasets for cell lines K562 and MCF-7, including 12 histone modification ChIP sequencing as well as ATAC and DNase sequencing datasets, where we observe and discuss assay-specific differences. CONCLUSION TF-Prioritizer accepts ATAC, DNase, or ChIP sequencing and RNA sequencing data as input and identifies TFs with differential activity, thus offering an understanding of genome-wide gene regulation, potential pathogenesis, and therapeutic targets in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hoffmann
- Big Data in BioMedicine Group, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising D-85354, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching D-85748, Germany
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nico Trummer
- Big Data in BioMedicine Group, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising D-85354,Germany
| | - Leon Schwartz
- Big Data in BioMedicine Group, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising D-85354,Germany
| | - Jakub Jankowski
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hye Kyung Lee
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lina-Liv Willruth
- Big Data in BioMedicine Group, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising D-85354,Germany
| | - Olga Lazareva
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit, Multiparametric Methods for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Yuan
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Nina Baumgarten
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Schmidt
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore138672, Singapore
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Chair of Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Computational BioMedicine Lab, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marcel H Schulz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David B Blumenthal
- Biomedical Network Science Lab, Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching D-85748, Germany
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Markus List
- Big Data in BioMedicine Group, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising D-85354,Germany
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4
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Nataraj NB, Noronha A, Lee JS, Ghosh S, Mohan Raju HR, Sekar A, Zuckerman B, Lindzen M, Tarcitano E, Srivastava S, Selitrennik M, Livneh I, Drago-Garcia D, Rueda O, Caldas C, Lev S, Geiger T, Ciechanover A, Ulitsky I, Seger R, Ruppin E, Yarden Y. Nucleoporin-93 reveals a common feature of aggressive breast cancers: robust nucleocytoplasmic transport of transcription factors. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110418. [PMID: 35196484 PMCID: PMC8957480 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By establishing multi-omics pipelines, we uncover overexpression and gene copy-number alterations of nucleoporin-93 (NUP93), a nuclear pore component, in aggressive human mammary tumors. NUP93 overexpression enhances transendothelial migration and matrix invasion in vitro, along with tumor growth and metastasis in animal models. These findings are supported by analyses of two sets of naturally occurring mutations: rare oncogenic mutations and inactivating familial nephrotic syndrome mutations. Mechanistically, NUP93 binds with importins, boosts nuclear transport of importins' cargoes, such as β-catenin, and activates MYC. Likewise, NUP93 overexpression enhances the ultimate nuclear transport step shared by additional signaling pathways, including TGF-β/SMAD and EGF/ERK. The emerging addiction to nuclear transport exposes vulnerabilities of NUP93-overexpressing tumors. Congruently, myristoylated peptides corresponding to the nuclear translocation signals of SMAD and ERK can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Our study sheds light on an emerging hallmark of advanced tumors, which derive benefit from robust nucleocytoplasmic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashish Noronha
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joo Sang Lee
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Soma Ghosh
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Harsha Raj Mohan Raju
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Arunachalam Sekar
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Binyamin Zuckerman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshit Lindzen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Emilio Tarcitano
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Swati Srivastava
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Selitrennik
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Livneh
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC) and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Diana Drago-Garcia
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oscar Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge and the Cambridge Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge and the Cambridge Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sima Lev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC) and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rony Seger
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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5
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Kang N, Matsui TS, Deguchi S. Statistical profiling reveals correlations between the cell response to and the primary structure of Rho-GAPs. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:67-76. [PMID: 33792196 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rho-GTPase-activating proteins (Rho-GAPs) are essential upstream regulators of the Rho family of GTPases. Currently, it remains unclear if the phenotypic change caused by perturbations to a Rho-GAP is predictable from its amino acid sequence. Here we analyze the relationship between the morphological response of cells to the silencing of Rho-GAPs and their primary structure. For all possible pairs of 57 different Rho-GAPs expressed in MCF10A epithelial cells, the similarity in the Rho-GAP silencing-induced morphological change was quantified and compared to the similarity in the primary structure of the corresponding pairs. We found a distinct correlation between the morphological and sequence similarities in a specific group of RhoA-targeting Rho-GAPs. Thus, the family-wide analysis revealed a common feature shared by the specific Rho-GAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kang
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Tsubasa S Matsui
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Deguchi
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
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6
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Paiva JT, Peixoto MGCD, Bruneli FAT, Alvarenga AB, Oliveira HR, Silva AA, Silva DA, Veroneze R, Silva FF, Lopes PS. Genetic parameters, genome-wide association and gene networks for milk and reproductive traits in Guzerá cattle. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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Rho GTPases: Big Players in Breast Cancer Initiation, Metastasis and Therapeutic Responses. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102167. [PMID: 32992837 PMCID: PMC7600866 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases, a family of the Ras GTPase superfamily, are key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton. They were originally thought to primarily affect cell migration and invasion; however, recent advances in our understanding of the biology and function of Rho GTPases have demonstrated their diverse roles within the cell, including membrane trafficking, gene transcription, migration, invasion, adhesion, survival and growth. As these processes are critically involved in cancer initiation, metastasis and therapeutic responses, it is not surprising that studies have demonstrated important roles of Rho GTPases in cancer. Although the majority of data indicates an oncogenic role of Rho GTPases, tumor suppressor functions of Rho GTPases have also been revealed, suggesting a context and cell-type specific function for Rho GTPases in cancer. This review aims to summarize recent progresses in our understanding of the regulation and functions of Rho GTPases, specifically in the context of breast cancer. The potential of Rho GTPases as therapeutic targets and prognostic tools for breast cancer patients are also discussed.
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8
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Avagliano A, Fiume G, Ruocco MR, Martucci N, Vecchio E, Insabato L, Russo D, Accurso A, Masone S, Montagnani S, Arcucci A. Influence of Fibroblasts on Mammary Gland Development, Breast Cancer Microenvironment Remodeling, and Cancer Cell Dissemination. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1697. [PMID: 32604738 PMCID: PMC7352995 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The stromal microenvironment regulates mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. In normal mammary glands, the stromal microenvironment encompasses the ducts and contains fibroblasts, the main regulators of branching morphogenesis. Understanding the way fibroblast signaling pathways regulate mammary gland development may offer insights into the mechanisms of breast cancer (BC) biology. In fact, the unregulated mammary fibroblast signaling pathways, associated with alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and branching morphogenesis, drive breast cancer microenvironment (BCM) remodeling and cancer growth. The BCM comprises a very heterogeneous tissue containing non-cancer stromal cells, namely, breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (BCAFs), which represent most of the tumor mass. Moreover, the different components of the BCM highly interact with cancer cells, thereby generating a tightly intertwined network. In particular, BC cells activate recruited normal fibroblasts in BCAFs, which, in turn, promote BCM remodeling and metastasis. Thus, comparing the roles of normal fibroblasts and BCAFs in the physiological and metastatic processes, could provide a deeper understanding of the signaling pathways regulating BC dissemination. Here, we review the latest literature describing the structure of the mammary gland and the BCM and summarize the influence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EpMT) and autophagy in BC dissemination. Finally, we discuss the roles of fibroblasts and BCAFs in mammary gland development and BCM remodeling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nunzia Martucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.I.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniela Russo
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.I.); (D.R.)
| | - Antonello Accurso
- Department of General, Oncological, Bariatric and Endocrine-Metabolic Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Stefania Masone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (S.M.)
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Connexin 43 Loss Triggers Cell Cycle Entry and Invasion in Non-Neoplastic Breast Epithelium: A Role for Noncanonical Wnt Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030339. [PMID: 30857262 PMCID: PMC6468895 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) is disrupted in breast cancer, and re-expression of this protein in human breast cancer cell lines leads to decreased proliferation and invasiveness, suggesting a tumor suppressive role. This study aims to investigate the role of Cx43 in proliferation and invasion starting from non-neoplastic breast epithelium. (2) Methods: Nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial HMT-3522 S1 cells and Cx43 shRNA-transfected counterparts were cultured under 2-dimensional (2-D) and 3-D conditions. (3) Results: Silencing Cx43 induced mislocalization of β-catenin and Scrib from apicolateral membrane domains in glandular structures or acini formed in 3-D culture, suggesting the loss of apical polarity. Cell cycle entry and proliferation were enhanced, concomitantly with c-Myc and cyclin D1 upregulation, while no detectable activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was observed. Motility and invasion were also triggered and were associated with altered acinar morphology and activation of ERK1/2 and Rho GTPase signaling, which acts downstream of the noncanonical Wnt pathway. The invasion of Cx43-shRNA S1 cells was observed only under permissive stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM). (4) Conclusion: Our results suggest that Cx43 controls proliferation and invasion in the normal mammary epithelium in part by regulating noncanonical Wnt signaling.
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10
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Fostok SF, El-Sibai M, El-Sabban M, Talhouk RS. Gap Junctions and Wnt Signaling in the Mammary Gland: a Cross-Talk? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:17-38. [PMID: 30194659 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs), the building blocks of gap junctions (GJs), exhibit spatiotemporal patterns of expression and regulate the development and differentiation of the mammary gland, acting via channel-dependent and channel-independent mechanisms. Impaired Cx expression and localization are reported in breast cancer, suggesting a tumor suppressive role for Cxs. The signaling events that mediate the role of GJs in the development and tumorigenesis of the mammary gland remain poorly identified. The Wnt pathways, encompassing the canonical or the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the noncanonical β-catenin-independent pathway, also play important roles in those processes. Indeed, aberrant Wnt signaling is associated with breast cancer. Despite the coincident roles of Cxs and Wnt pathways, the cross-talk in the breast tissue is poorly defined, although this is reported in a number of other tissues. Our previous studies revealed a channel-independent role for Cx43 in inducing differentiation or suppressing tumorigenesis of mammary epithelial cells by acting as a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we provide a brief overview of mammary gland development, with emphasis on the role of Cxs in development and tumorigenesis of this tissue. We also discuss the role of Wnt signaling in similar contexts, and review the literature illustrating interplay between Cxs and Wnt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabreen F Fostok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat El-Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El-Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabih S Talhouk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
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11
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Abdrabou A, Wang Z. Post-Translational Modification and Subcellular Distribution of Rac1: An Update. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120263. [PMID: 30544910 PMCID: PMC6316090 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rac1 is a small GTPase that belongs to the Rho family. The Rho family of small GTPases is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The Rho family of GTPases mediate a plethora of cellular effects, including regulation of cytoarchitecture, cell size, cell adhesion, cell polarity, cell motility, proliferation, apoptosis/survival, and membrane trafficking. The cycling of Rac1 between the GTP (guanosine triphosphate)- and GDP (guanosine diphosphate)-bound states is essential for effective signal flow to elicit downstream biological functions. The cycle between inactive and active forms is controlled by three classes of regulatory proteins: Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and guanine-nucleotide-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). Other modifications include RNA splicing and microRNAs; various post-translational modifications have also been shown to regulate the activity and function of Rac1. The reported post-translational modifications include lipidation, ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and adenylylation, which have all been shown to play important roles in the regulation of Rac1 and other Rho GTPases. Moreover, the Rac1 activity and function are regulated by its subcellular distribution and translocation. This review focused on the most recent progress in Rac1 research, especially in the area of post-translational modification and subcellular distribution and translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Abdrabou
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Olabi S, Ucar A, Brennan K, Streuli CH. Integrin-Rac signalling for mammary epithelial stem cell self-renewal. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:128. [PMID: 30348189 PMCID: PMC6198444 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cells are precursors for all mammary epithelia, including ductal and alveolar epithelia, and myoepithelial cells. In vivo mammary epithelia reside in a tissue context and interact with their milieu via receptors such as integrins. Extracellular matrix receptors coordinate important cellular signalling platforms, of which integrins are the central architects. We have previously shown that integrins are required for mammary epithelial development and function, including survival, cell cycle, and polarity, as well as for the expression of mammary-specific genes. In the present study we looked at the role of integrins in mammary epithelial stem cell self-renewal. Methods We used an in vitro stem cell assay with primary mouse mammary epithelial cells isolated from genetically altered mice. This involved a 3D organoid assay, providing an opportunity to distinguish the stem cell- or luminal progenitor-driven organoids as structures with solid or hollow appearances, respectively. Results We demonstrate that integrins are essential for the maintenance and self-renewal of mammary epithelial stem cells. Moreover integrins activate the Rac1 signalling pathway in stem cells, which leads to the stimulation of a Wnt pathway, resulting in expression of β-catenin target genes such as Axin2 and Lef1. Conclusions Integrin/Rac signalling has a role in specifying the activation of a canonical Wnt pathway that is required for mammary epithelial stem cell self-renewal. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1048-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiah Olabi
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ahmet Ucar
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Keith Brennan
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Charles H Streuli
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Peretti AS, Dominguez D, Grimes MM, Hathaway HJ, Prossnitz ER, Rivera MR, Wandinger-Ness A, Kusewitt DF, Hudson LG. The R-Enantiomer of Ketorolac Delays Mammary Tumor Development in Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus-Polyoma Middle T Antigen (MMTV-PyMT) Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:515-524. [PMID: 29169987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies report improved breast cancer survival in women who receive ketorolac (Toradol) for postoperative pain relief compared with other analgesic agents. Ketorolac is a racemic drug. The S-enantiomer inhibits cyclooxygenases; R-ketorolac is a selective inhibitor of the small GTPases Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42), which are signaling molecules up-regulated during breast cancer progression and metastasis. The goal of this study was to determine whether R-ketorolac altered breast cancer development in the mouse mammary tumor virus-polyoma middle T-antigen model. Mice were administered ketorolac orally at 1 mg/kg twice daily to approximate the typical human dose. Mammary glands were analyzed for tumor number and immunohistochemical markers of proliferation and differentiation. R-ketorolac treatment significantly reduced mammary epithelial proliferation, based on Ki67 staining, and suppressed tumor development. Proliferative mammary epithelium from R-ketorolac-treated mice displayed greater differentiation, based on significantly higher total E-cadherin and decreased keratin 5 staining than epithelium of placebo-treated mice. No differences were detected in estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, β-catenin, or vimentin expression between placebo and R-ketorolac treatment groups. These findings indicate that R-ketorolac treatment slows tumor progression in an aggressive model of breast cancer. R-ketorolac may thus represent a novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer prevention or treatment based on its pharmacologic activity as a Rac1 and Cdc42 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Peretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Dayna Dominguez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Martha M Grimes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Helen J Hathaway
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Melanie R Rivera
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Angela Wandinger-Ness
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Donna F Kusewitt
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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